Iranian Journal of Child Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Cerebral Necrotizing Encephalopathy in a 7-year-old Child after being Infected with COVID-19, A Case Report.","authors":"Zahra Movahedi, Mohsen Mollamohammadi, Masoud Hassanvand Amouzadeh, Batool Shakeri","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i1.39927","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i1.39927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>New daily data on the COVID-19 pandemic are circulating globally. This disease usually appears with respiratory symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, and fever. The neurological complications of the disease are somewhat known in adults but rarely reported in children. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is one of the brain complications associated‌ with Coronavirus disease that usually has a poor prognosis in children. In this case, we report a rare case of a 7-year-old boy who was referred to the hospital with symptoms of convulsions after contracting COVID-19 and developed cerebral necrotizing encephalopathy caused by COVID-19 infection. Although ANEC is a rare disease, clinical examination and MRI and CT scan findings play an essentialrole in diagnosing and treating the disease.‌.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 1","pages":"139-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10874513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139905576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Neurological and Auditory Development in Children with Congenital Heart Disease using Essence Q Questionnaire and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Test.","authors":"Asadollah Tanasan, Fatemeh Eghalian, Helen Behmanesh, Salman Khazaei, Farhad Farahani, Firozeh Hosseini","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i.39186","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i.39186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The progress of cardiac surgery in children and the increase in the survival of children with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) has led to consider another issue called a neurodevelopmental disorder. In this study, 53 children with CHD were evaluated in terms of development with the Essence Q questionnaire, Otoacoustic Emission (OAE), and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) regarding these patients' hearing and risk factors. The Essence Q scores were also examined.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>In this prospective, cross-sectional study, the researchers included 53 children diagnosed with CHD. Initially, each child underwent ABR and OAE tests. Subsequently, data on potential risk factors associated with neurodevelopmental delay were collected. A trained project associate administered the Essence Q questionnaire, using parents' information as a guide. Following data collection, this study proceeded with an in-depth analysis of the information.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-six boys (67.92%) and 17 girls (32.08%) with CHD were included in the study. The mean age of children was 26.98<math><mo>±</mo></math>10.64 months. The mean Essence Q score for boys was 7.48<math><mo>±</mo></math>2.57. Moreover, the average score for girls was 2.23 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 8.11. According to this questionnaire, 39 patients (73.58%) had hyperactivity disorder, 46 patients (86.79%) had behavioral disorders, and ten patients (16.98%) had a motor delay. Unlike previous studies, all patients had normal OAE and ABR hearing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that factors such as developmental delay in the first year, a known genetic disease, and a history of seizures significantly impacted the Essence Q score. However, elements like prematurity, the use of ventilation, abnormalities on the dorsum, and the number of days post-surgery did not significantly affect the Essence Q score. Essence Q can be a reliable tool in screening for neurodevelopment in children with CHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 1","pages":"43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10874519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139905578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Phenobarbital, Italept, and Topamax in the Treatment of Neonatal Seizures:A Double-Blinded Cross-Sectional Study of the Iranian Population.","authors":"Shahram Sadeghvand, Leila Islamian Ghadim, Mir Hadi Mousavi, Gisou Erabi","doi":"10.22037/IJCN.V18I4.43760","DOIUrl":"10.22037/IJCN.V18I4.43760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Seizures are changes in the electrical activity of the brain. These changes can cause significant or otherwise asymptomatic symptoms. Phenobarbital and phenytoin are known drugs for treating neonatal seizures, but little clinical experience exists using other drugs. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of other drugs, such as Levetiracetam and Topiramate, compared to Phenobarbital in treating neonatal seizures.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>In a double-blind clinical trial, all neonates admitted to a referral hospital for two years (2020-2022) due to seizures were included. All of the neonates were treated with a dosage of 10-40mg/kg/state IV Phenobarbital to control the acute seizure. After that, they were divided into three groups with specific treatment programs. Groups were ordered with oral Phenobarbital 5mg/kg/day maintenance (first group), oral Topiramate 3-8mg/kg/day (second group), and 10-40mg/kg/day Levetiracetam (third group). Seizures and potential side effects were investigated through interviews and medical EEG tests. The data was analyzed using the Chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty infants (20 neonates in each group) were studied. Phenobarbital, Italept, and Topiramate did not significantly differ in controlling convulsions and changes related to brain paroxysmal discharges.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to the long treatment duration and side effects, it is essential to choose the appropriate drug for treating treatment-resistant seizures of neonates. The present study found that Phenobarbital, Levetiracetam, and Topiramate are equally effective in controlling seizures. These medications can also help eliminate abnormalities in children's brain paroxysmal.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 4","pages":"81-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Frequency of Celiac Disease in Children with Idiopathic Epilepsy.","authors":"Roohollah Edalatkhah, Majid Aflatooninan, Bahareh Dehghani Firouzabadi, Razieh Fallah","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i1.36844","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i1.36844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Extra gastrointestinal symptoms in celiac disease (CD), such as neurological manifestations, might be common in pediatrics. The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of CD in children with idiopathic epilepsy.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional study, signs and symptoms of CD were evaluated in 40 children aged 2-14 years with idiopathic epilepsy who were referred to the Pediatric Neurology Clinic of Shahid Sadoughi Medical Sciences University, Yazd, Iran. Then, serum levels of tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG) and total IgA were measured in them. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and small intestine biopsy were recommended for patients with abnormal serum IgA Anti-tTG.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen girls and 22 boys with a mean age of 5.29±2.4 years were evaluated. In this study, only three patients (7.5%) with epilepsy had abnormal serum IgA Anti-tTG and serum Total IgA. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and pathological examination of duodenal biopsy of those three children reported total villous atrophy (Marsh type 3). The age of onset of seizures in children with CD was more than three years, while in children without CD, 62.2% of cases were less than three years. These results indicate that CD is associated with the age of onset of seizures in children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to the accompaniment of celiac with neurological manifestations, patients with neurological symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms should be examined for celiac.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 4","pages":"61-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migraine and Epilepsy in Children: A Narrative Review of Comorbidity and Similar Treatment Option.","authors":"Ali Akbar Momen, Gholamreza Jelodar, Reza Azizimalamiri","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i3.44282","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i3.44282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Migraine and epilepsy belong to the category of chronic paroxysmal neurological disorders and share numerous clinical features, as well as potential treatment options. This narrative review emphasizes the similarities between pediatric migraine and epilepsy, exploring epidemiology, pathophysiology, genetics, clinical presentation, and pharmacology. Although various syndromes exhibit symptoms common to both conditions, further research is needed to clarify the underlying pathophysiological and genetic connections contributing to their coexistence. Prophylactic medications used in the management of both migraines and epilepsy exhibit similar pharmacological characteristics. The review assesses treatment strategies for epilepsy and migraines, emphasizing antiseizure medications alongside nonpharmacological interventions like ketogenic diet, supplements, and vagal nerve stimulation. It aims to highlight how these interventions, originally targeted for epilepsy, may also show promise in preventing migraines. The urgent need for further randomized, controlled clinical trials investigating both pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for treating both disorders is emphasized, aiming to pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 3","pages":"9-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11231672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141579709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Family Functioning on Gross Motor Function, Activity, and Participation in Children with Cerebral Palsy.","authors":"Muhammed Samed Dalakçi, Anıl Özüdoğru, Caner Kararti","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i1.32271","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i1.32271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study aimed to investigate whether family functioning (FF) could impact gross motor function, activity, and participation in children with cerebral palsy (CP).</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>Sixty-seven children with spastic diplegic CP who were admitted to the Special Education and Rehabilitation Clinic were included in the study. The guidelines of the American Academy of Neurology were followed for the diagnosis of spastic diplegia. The type of home where the family lives, the family's average income, the child's age, gender, and number of siblings, and the age and educational level of the child's primary caregiver were recorded. The gross motor function capacity of children with CP was assessed with the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) was used to evaluate activity and participation performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The children living in detached houses had statistically higher PEDI mobility levels than those living in apartments (p < 0.05). PEDI's social function and self-care levels were higher in 12 to 18-year-old children with two siblings (p < 0.05). The age and educational status of the primary caregiver were found to have an important impact on the PEDI scores. According to the results, social function and self-care levels were higher in children whose primary caregivers were 30 to 65 years old and had high levels of education above high school (p < 0.05 The effects of family income and gender on PEDI scores were statistically non-significant (p˃ 0.05). Variables related to family functioning had no statistically significant effect on GMFCS scores (p˃ 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These factors can enable healthcare providers to collaborate with the families to develop more comprehensive intervention plans emphasizing family strengths and supporting their needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 1","pages":"119-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10874512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139905618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and its effects on Neural Tube Defects.","authors":"Zeynab Elahi, Farideh Hassanzadeh, Mohammad Satarzadeh","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i3.41499","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i3.41499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Maternal smoking is a potent teratogen among congenital malformations, however its role in the development of Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) is still unclear. In this systematic review, we intend to further investigate the interaction of smoking during pregnancy and the incidence of NTDs.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This article was written according to PRISMA criteria from February 2015 and August 2022. After examining the four stages of PRISMA criteria, we selected clinical articles. These articles were selected from PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar (for results follow-up) databases. We gathered NTDs effect and types, smoking type and habit of parents, from neonates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eventually, 8 articles were included by two separated authors, Smoking was associated with an increase NTDs in the population of pregnant mothers and also among children whose fathers smoked. The main side effects that were considered to be the cause of NTDs besides smoking were alcohol and BMI (18.5-24.9). Smoking also affects the level of folic acid as a substance with an essential role that affects the closure of the neural tube. folic acid available to infants changing along with the level of other blood elements such as zinc, that necessary prevent for NTDs condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Parental smoking can be considered as one of the strong teratogens in the occurrence of NTDs. Smoking, whether active or passive by the mother, or by the father, is associated with the occurrence of NTDs, In order to reduce the prevalence this disorder, we advise pregnant mothers and neonate's fathers to quit smoking.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 3","pages":"103-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11231676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141579708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Phototherapy Effect with and without Phenobarbital on the Newborns with Hyperbilirubinemia.","authors":"Ahmad Shah Farhat, Reza Saeidi, Ashraf Mohammadzadeh, Saeid Reza Lotfi, Mahmoud Hajipour","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i2.36848","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i2.36848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Jaundice occurs in 60% of full-term and 80% of pre-term newborns. This study compared the effect of phototherapy with and without phenobarbital on icteric newborns.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This study is a randomized clinical trial conducted from July until March 2018 at Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Iran. Full-term and near-term neonates with more than 2000 grams who were hospitalized in the mentioned period for jaundice were entered into the study. The newborns were divided into two groups using block randomization. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 19.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average gestational age was 36.4 weeks (SD 2.39) in the intervention group and 36.9 weeks (SD 2.16) in the control group, with no significant difference between them. The mean hospital stay for the intervention group was 72 hours (SD 1.66), compared to 55 hours (SD 1.88) for the control group. At discharge, the serum bilirubin level in the intervention group was 11.53 mg/dL (SD 0.77), while it was 10.80 mg/dL (SD 1.09) in the control group, a statistically significant difference.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to this study, phototherapy with phenobarbital is not more effective than phototherapy alone in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 2","pages":"23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11015727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140849533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome.","authors":"Shima Imannezhad, Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani, Majid Sezavar, Gholam Reza Khademi, Maryam Naseri, Farah Ashrafzadeh","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i2.37314","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i2.37314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome (BVVLS) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder of childhood. According to the previous reports, it has various primary signs and symptoms. Because of the simple treatment with riboflavin supplementation, it is important to have suspicious to this disease and begin treatment even before genetic test confirm. We report a five-year-old girl with BVVLS that manifest with hearing problems, first. There was obvious improvement in her disease clinical signs with riboflavin supplementation treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 2","pages":"141-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11015728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140851523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Value of Long-term Video EEG Monitoring to Diagnose and Track Childhood Epilepsy.","authors":"Mahmood Mohammadi, Reza Shervin Badv, Zahra Rezaei, Mahmoodreza Ashrafi, Fatemeh Naeemi","doi":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i1.43012","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijcn.v18i1.43012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Long-term video-EEG monitoring (LTM) is a new technique to assess and track fluctuations, classify seizures, identify epileptic syndromes, and determine the number of seizures and epilepsy-simulating disorders. The present study aims to evaluate the concordance of traditional EEG and LTM in assessing childhood epilepsy.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This cross-sectional before-after study was performed on 120 children with epilepsy who were referred to the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) at the Children's Medical Center between September 2021 and September 2022 and were monitored for at least eight hours in this unit. The source of the study information collection was the patients' recorded files. A neurologist reviewed the primary EEGs, and two experts blindly reviewed and interpreted the patients' LTMs under a clinical neurophysiologist's supervision.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The diagnoses changed after employing LTM in most children with epilepsy. Based on the diagnostic agreement analysis between EEG and LTM, the coefficient value for LTM was calculated at -0.37 (p= 0.229), showing that LTM has significantly expanded patients' diagnoses and care plans.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of LTM improves the diagnosis, classification, and monitoring of epilepsy in affected children and can be a reliable supplement to EEG in some instances.</p>","PeriodicalId":14537,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"18 1","pages":"9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10874508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139905666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}