Iranian Endodontic Journal最新文献

{"title":"Scaffold-based Strategies for Direct Pulp Capping in Animal Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Gisele Brito de Queiroz, Gabriella Alves Julião Costa, João Paulo Mota de Paulo, Átila Vinicius Vitor Nobre, Edson Luiz Cetira Filho, Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva, Nara Sousa Rodrigues Giroux, Vicente de Paulo Aragão Saboia, Diana Araújo Cunha","doi":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.49169","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.49169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The dental pulp is a specialized connective tissue responsible for maintaining tooth vitality through a complex interplay of cellular, vascular, and immunological components. Despite the clinical use of conventional capping materials, their limited regenerative potential often results in pulp devitalization and compromised structural integrity. Recent advances in tissue engineering, particularly the application of three-dimensional scaffolds, have demonstrated promising outcomes in promoting dentin-pulp complex regeneration and biomimetic tissue repair. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of three-dimensional matrices, with or without bioactive materials, as direct pulp capping agents in animal models. Outcomes included cellularity, dentin thickness, dentin bridge formation, dystrophic calcification, inflammation control, and pulp organization compared to commercial materials.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in indexed databases and gray literature. A random-effects meta-analysis used standardized mean differences and the inverse variance method. Heterogeneity (I²), publication bias (Egger's and Begg's tests), and risk of bias (SYRCLE's RoB tool) were assessed. Statistical analyses were conducted using RevMan (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, with 13 included in the meta-analysis. The risk of bias was predominantly low, yet the certainty of evidence was very low. Scaffolds significantly enhanced cellularity (<i>P</i>=0.02; I²=91%), dentin thickness (<i>P</i><0.00001; I²=87%), and inflammation control (<i>P</i>=0.03; I²=20%) compared to controls. No significant differences were observed for dentin bridge formation (<i>P</i>=0.30; I²=63%), dystrophic calcification (<i>P</i>=0.14; I²=32%), or pulp organization (<i>P</i>=0.10; I²=0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Three-dimensional scaffolds demonstrated potential in promoting cellular activity, dentin formation, and inflammation control. However, their impact on dentin bridge formation, pulp organization, and dystrophic calcification remains inconclusive. Further high-quality studies are required to validate their clinical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"e41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12682324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145708065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservative Management of Dens Invaginatus Type IIIb Using Photodynamic Therapy: A Case Report.","authors":"Navid Nasrabadi, Atoosa Yazdani, Mahgol Mehrabani","doi":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.46885","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.46885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dens invagination (DI) is a developmental dental anomaly characterized by the infolding of the enamel organ into the dental papilla. Type IIIb DI, involving deep invagination that extends apically along the root, poses significant challenges in endodontic treatment due to its complex anatomy. We describe a case of type IIIb DI in a 13-year-old female referred with the chief complaint of spontaneous pain on the left maxillary lateral incisor. Clinical examinations showed tenderness to percussion and palpation as well as a positive response to cold test with lingering pain. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) confirmed the presence of type IIIb DI associated with a periapical lesion. The final diagnosis was irreversible pulpitis with apical periodontitis for main canal (distal) and pulpless and infected root canal system with secondary acute apical periodontitis according to Abbott classification for the other canal. Two separate access cavities were prepared with the guidance of CBCT. Root canal therapy was performed on both root canals, using photodynamic therapy (PDT) and ultrasonic-activated sodium hypochlorite for enhanced disinfection. Calcium-enriched mixture cement was used to obturate the apical third, followed by thermoplastic gutta-percha in the middle and coronal thirds. The patient was asymptomatic at 6- and 12-month follow-ups, with radiographic evidence of complete healing. This case highlights the effectiveness of conservative endodontic treatment using PTD in managing complex DI cases, with a focus on maintaining tooth structure and achieving long-term success.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"e19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11981004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservative Management of a Large Periapical Lesion Using Decompression Technique: A Case Report.","authors":"Amir Hosein Mehdizadeh, Fateme Soltani Nejad, Motahareh Yusefi, Razieh Sadeghi, Arash Shahravan","doi":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.49044","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.49044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The management of extensive periapical lesions poses a significant challenge in endodontic therapy due to their potential cystic nature, anatomical proximity to critical structures, risk of cortical perforation, and complex infection dynamics. This report presents a successful case of a large through-and-through periapical lesion managed conservatively via decompression. Initial periapical radiographs revealed poor-quality root canal therapy and a large radiolucent lesion associated with a maxillary lateral incisor. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging confirmed a through-and-through lesion approximately 12×9.5×10.5 mm in size. Based on the clinical and radiographic features, pulpal diagnosis was previous endodontic treatment with an infected root canal system and the periapical diagnosis was a radicular cyst; however, a definitive diagnosis would have required a serial sectioning biopsy, which was not feasible under the present circumstances. Initial non-surgical retreatment as the first treatment choice, with multiple intracanal medicament replacements, proved ineffective due to persistent discharge of the canal. Furthermore, surgical intervention was deemed high-risk due to the lesion's proximity to the incisive foramen, palatal mucosa, sinus floor, and nasal cavity. Decompression, a minimally invasive technique with low morbidity, was selected. Following drainage, a drain was inserted via the thinnest cortical plate, and daily irrigation was initiated. The lesion was monitored every two weeks, with progressive reduction in size documented radiographically. After 5 months, the root canal was obturated and the tooth was restored by composite resin due to the cessation of drainage. The drain was removed at 6 months, and by the 9-month follow-up, significant bone regeneration was evident radiographically. The tooth was asymptomatic, exhibited no mobility or sensitivity to percussion or palpation, and periodontal probing revealed no pathologic pockets.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"e35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12554237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145377216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimally Invasive Management of Two Separated Dens Invaginatus Oehler's Type I and II: A Case Report.","authors":"Mohammad Naqibeiranvand, Navid Nasrabadi, Niloofar Jahanshahi","doi":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.49701","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.49701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treating coronal dens invaginatus (CDI) with pulp infection typically involves the removal of the invaginatus, which increases the risk of fracture and perforation, compromising tooth structure. Minimally invasive endodontic management of coronal dens invaginatus is highly recommended. This case report presents the management of a 19-year-old female patient with a permanent maxillary lateral incisor exhibiting two distinct dens invaginatus anomalies. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to assist in the diagnosis of tooth morphology and canal location. CBCT confirmed that the buccally positioned orifice was classified as Oehlers Type II, while the one with a palatally positioned orifice corresponded to Oehlers Type l. The pulp and periapical diagnosis of this tooth was pulpless and an infected root canal system with chronic apical periodontitis according to Abbott classification. The pulp chamber was carefully accessed with minimal intervention, and the root canals were explored under magnification. All root canals were prepared using EDMax rotary files, followed by irrigation with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Calcium hydroxide medication was also applied. Root canal obturation was performed using the warm vertical compaction, employing AH-Plus sealer in combination with thermosplasticized gutta-percha. After 6 and 12 months, the patient showed healing of the periapical region, with the absence of symptoms and normal dental function. Favorable radiographic and clinical findings were observed during both follow-up sessions. At the 18-month follow-up, the lesion was completely healed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"e38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12554233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145377306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Acute Apical Abscess Presenting with Rapid Extrusion of a Tooth: A Case Report.","authors":"Masoud Parirokh, Hamed Manochehrifar, Alireza Sarhadi","doi":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.46653","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.46653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An acute apical abscess (AAA) is a rapid-onset inflammatory condition characterized by spontaneous pain, pus formation, and swelling, often resulting from pulp necrosis. Complications may include systemic manifestations and severe outcomes, such as tooth extrusion. This case report describes a rare instance of AAA causing rapid extrusion of a maxillary central incisor in a 17-year-old female. The patient presented with spontaneous pain and mobility of the extruded tooth, accompanied by localized swelling. Clinical and radiographic evaluations revealed pulp necrosis, an AAA, and apical bone rarefaction. Emergency treatment was initiated, including intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide and temporary splinting of the tooth. Subsequent treatment involved obturation with gutta-percha and sealer, followed by permanent restoration. Radiographic and clinical recalls up to 5 years demonstrated complete periapical healing, normal tooth mobility, and no recurrence of symptoms. Effective management, including timely root canal therapy and splinting, led to successful long-term outcomes. This case underscores the importance of prompt diagnosis and immediate, tailored treatment to manage AAA and prevent severe complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"e8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between the Middle Mesial Canal and Furcation Radiolucency in Mandibular Molars.","authors":"Mohammadreza Karimzadeh, Arash Shahravan, Rahim Fereidooni, Hamed Ebrahimnejad, Amir Hossein Nekouei, Shahram Arbabi, Sara Rezaei","doi":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.46099","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.46099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The middle mesial canal (MMC) of mandibular molars is of particular interest in endodontics due to its complexity. This study investigated the association between MMC presence in first and second mandibular molars and the radiolucency in the furcation area using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>CBCT scans of 400 patients referred to the largest radiology center in Kerman City from January 1, 2022, to January 1, 2023, were examined. All CBCT scans were assessed for radiolucency in the furcation area and the presence of MMC. Variables, including age, gender, tooth number, and MMC presence were recorded. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression analyses were employed to compare MMC frequency and its impact on furcation radiolucency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 201 examined teeth, 37 (18.4%) had MMC, and 23 (11.4%) exhibited furcation radiolucency. However, teeth with a mesial canal showed a higher prevalence of furcation lesions compared to those without (38% <i>vs.</i> 5.2%) (<i>P</i><0.001). A significant association was observed between a mesial canal and furcation radiolucency, with odds of furcation radiolucency at 12.7 after controlling for age and gender (<i>P</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A strong association exists between MMC presence in first and second mandibular molars and furcation radiolucency, unaffected by age and gender.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"e4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apical Transportation and Centering Ability of Trunatomy, Edmax, and Reciproc Blue in Curved Mesiobuccal Canals of Mandibular Molars.","authors":"Nazanin Zargar, Babak Zandi, Yaser Safi, Mahgol Mehrabani","doi":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.46547","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.46547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study compared apical transportation and centering ability of TruNatomy, EDMax, and Reciproc Blue in curved mesiobuccal canals of mandibular molars.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This <i>ex vivo</i> study was conducted on curved (20-40 degrees) mesiobuccal canals of 60 mandibular molars. The teeth were randomly assigned to 4 groups (<i>n</i>=15) for instrumentation of the mesiobuccal canals with (I) TruNatomy, (II) EDMax, (III) Reciproc Blue, and (IV) Reciproc Blue+R-Pilot. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained before and after instrumentation. Changes in canal wall thickness in mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) directions were assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm from the apex using OnDemand software. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis, Bonferroni, Friedman, and Fisher's exact tests (alpha=0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TruNatomy showed significantly lower transportation than Reciproc Blue and EDMax in the apical, middle, and coronal thirds (<i>P</i><0.05). Reciproc Blue and EDMax had no significant difference in transportation (<i>P</i>>0.05). Using the R-Pilot glider had no significant effect on transportation (<i>P</i>>0.05). Canal transportation was not significantly different within each group at four distances from the apex (<i>P</i>>0.05). TruNatomy showed significantly higher centering ability than Reciproc Blue+R-Pilot in the BL dimension at 3 mm from the apex (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TruNatomy showed significantly lower canal transportation than Reciproc Blue and EDMax at all distances from the apex. The files had no significant difference in centering ability except at 3 mm in BL dimension, where TruNatomy had significantly higher centering ability than Reciproc Blue+R-Pilot.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"e29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12318326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Vital Pulp Therapy on Normal Root Development in Immature Teeth: A Case Report.","authors":"Henry Paul Valverde Haro, Adriana Denisse Erazo Conde","doi":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.47139","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.47139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vital pulp therapy is one of the least invasive and simplest and most economically acceptable treatment alternatives for immature teeth with pulpitis. The success rate of this treatment, with calcium silicate-based cements, ranges from 85% to 100%. Vital pulp therapy prevents the development of apical periodontitis and promotes normal root development, allowing the tooth to remain in the dentition and perform its functions. The patient was a nine-year-old boy with pain on chewing and a positive response to cold. The panoramic radiograph showed an immature permanent lower molar with deep caries. Partial pulpectomy and root pulp sealing with pre-mixed calcium silicate-based cement were performed under aseptic conditions. The absence of symptoms and the formation of roots with apical sealing were successfully achieved and observed by follow-up and radiographic control, making this treatment a viable option for immature teeth with pulpitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"e24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12318324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endodontic Management of Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Using Guided Endodontics: A Case Report.","authors":"Mohammadreza Rahmatian, Ali Kazemi, Omid Dianat, Yaser Safi","doi":"10.22037/iej.v19i4.45902","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v19i4.45902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulp canal calcification (PCC) is common in patients with dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI). We present endodontic management of multiple anterior and posterior teeth with PCCs in a patient with DGI type II using guided endodontics. A 26-year-old female patient was diagnosed with DGI type II. Clinical examination revealed palatal cusp fracture in tooth #13, microcracks in tooth #14, and a sinus tract in the maxillary right buccal vestibule related to tooth #13. Periapical radiographs revealed PCCs in all teeth, and periapical radiolucencies in several teeth. Due to difficult negotiation of canal orifices, guided endodontic approach was planned. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was requested and obtained. Intraoral scanning was performed, and CBCT and intraoral scanning data were superimposed. A template was designed and 3D printed. The root canal orifices were successfully negotiated and endodontic treatments were successfully accomplished. At the 1-year follow-up, the endodontically treated teeth were asymptomatic, and periapical lesions were healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"19 4","pages":"308-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Photosensitizer Penetration Depth in Root Canal Debridement for Endodontic Disinfection.","authors":"Seyedeh Saba Sharifzadeh, Mehrnaz Gerami Amin, Nahid Moezzi Ghadim, Mahta Fazlyab, Arash Azizi","doi":"10.22037/iej.v19i1.41545","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v19i1.41545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Microbial agents play a crucial role in periapical lesions and despite mechanical preparation, presence of persistent bacteria in root canal system is a challenge. Photodynamic therapy offers a debridement method, utilizing photosensitizers such as Curcumin, Indocyanine Green (ICG), and Methylene Blue (MB). This study aimed to assess and compare the penetration depth of these photosensitizers on the lateral surface of the root canal.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The crown of 30 single-rooted teeth were separated by a diamond disc. The canals were prepared using a rotary system and were rinsed with 10 mL of 2.5% NaOCl. In order to remove the smear layer debris, 17% EDTA was placed in the root canal for 1 min, then rinsed with NaOCl and saline. The teeth were sterilized by autoclave and randomly assigned to three groups that filled with curcumin, ICG, or MB. Subsequently, they were incubated for 10 min and dried up by paper. Longitudinal sections were cut, and penetration depth of the photosensitizers in coronal, middle, and apical sections were measured using a stereomicroscope.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Curcumin demonstrated a higher average penetration depth (3000 µm) than MB, and MB showed higher penetration depth than ICG. Significantly different penetration depths were observed in pairwise comparisons among all three groups (<i>P</i><0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Curcumin with its superior average penetration depth, emerges as a promising choice for effective root canal disinfection in endodontic treatments. Consideration of these findings may enhance the selection of photosensitizers in clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"35-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10787188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139466525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}