Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Research Priorities for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in Iran: A Mixed-Methods Study Combining a Systematic Review and Delphi Consensus Approach.","authors":"Forugh Aleebrahim, Marzieh Mahboobi, Fatemeh Rezaee, Maryam Nasirian","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.104577.3819","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.104577.3819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2022, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affected 39 million globally, with Iran experiencing a concentrated epidemic. This study aimed to identify and prioritize critical HIV/AIDS research areas to address existing gaps in the Iranian context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Researchers at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences employed a three-phase approach between May 2018 and March 2023. The first phase involved developing an HIV research matrix tailored to international guidelines and the Iranian context. In the second phase, a systematic review of HIV-related studies in Iran was conducted following the PRISMA protocol to assess quality and relevance. The third phase utilized a three-round Delphi method to collect expert feedback, which was used to prioritize research areas based on their importance and feasibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A systematic review of 6,310 sources yielded 745 documents for full-text analysis. Key research domains identified included prevention, diagnosis, care and treatment, epidemiology, and co-infections. Quantitative analysis indicated that 23% of studies focused on co-infections, while ethical issues were addressed in only 0.04%. Qualitative assessment revealed that 54% of reviewed studies were of low quality. Subsequent expert consultation and multi-criteria decision analysis ranked laboratory research and co-infections as the highest priorities. Specific sub-areas identified included molecular epidemiology and interventions addressing stigma and discrimination. Despite being highly cost-effective and urgently needed, research on stigma-related interventions exhibited a significant gap.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study identified 11 main research areas and 60 sub-areas as priorities for HIV/AIDS research in Iran, highlighting the need for strategic funding and research planning. Ethical considerations and laboratory improvements are essential for enhancing public health outcomes and addressing emerging challenges in the HIV epidemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"19-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12858440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Substance Use among Medical Students in Southern Iran in 2024: A Growing Concern.","authors":"Seyed Ali Mansouri, Alireza Salehi, Masih Sedigh Ardekani, Dorsa Shekouh","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105529.3935","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105529.3935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol, smoking, and substance use among medical students are significant health concerns that impact their well-being and their future roles as health advocates. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of these behaviors and related risk factors among medical students in southern Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students in Shiraz, in southern Iran, in 2024. Data were collected using the World Health Organization's alcohol, smoking, and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST), supplemented with questions on demographic details, family and friend substance use, mental health, and major satisfaction. The sample was selected using the stratified random selection method. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with substance use, controlling for potential confounders. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. All analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 26, SPSS Inc., USA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 360 medical students, of whom 51.9% were men, with a mean age of 22.62±3.02 years. The lifetime prevalence was 27.5% for alcoholic beverages, 26.7% for tobacco products, 14.4% for sedatives or sleeping pills, and 15.8% for electronic cigarettes and vapes. Logistic regressions analysis revealed that having a family member who uses substances (OR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.01-3.5), having a friend who uses substances (OR=3.9, 95% CI: 2.0-7.8), being male (OR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.03-3.2), and having a recent history of mental illnesses (OR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.1-7.1) were positively associated with lifetime cigarette use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of alcohol, smoking, and substance use among medical students in southern Iran is concerning. These findings emphasized the significance of targeted interventions to reduce and prevent use within this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"47-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12858477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrosternal Burning and Its Endoscopic Associations: Findings from 5,561 Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopies.","authors":"Saleh Azadbakht, Saleheh Azadbakht, Narges Naderi, Morteza Azadbakht, Bardia Amidi","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105856.4012","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105856.4012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retrosternal burning is often linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease. However, it can also indicate other gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to compare and assess upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopic findings in patients with and without retrosternal burning to determine its clinical significance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 5,561 patients who underwent UGI endoscopy in Khorramabad, Iran (2018-2023). Required data, such as demographics, clinical symptoms, and endoscopic diagnoses, including the grade and severity of esophagitis and sliding hiatal hernia, were collected and compared. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the patients, 57.08% were women. The most common indications for endoscopy were dyspepsia and retrosternal burning. Sliding hiatal hernia (49.73%), esophagitis (60.04%), and antral gastropathy (76.53%) were the most frequent endoscopic findings. Grade 2 was the most prevalent type in patients with hernias (74.80%), and among patients with esophagitis, Grade A was predominant (87.36%). Retrosternal burning showed a significant positive association with sliding hiatal hernia, esophagitis, gastric antral gastropathy, and inlet patches (P<0.001). In contrast, the absence of retrosternal burning was associated with gastric ulcers, gastric and esophageal masses (P<0.001), duodenal ulcers (P=0.037), and bulb deformities (P=0.015). A significant association was found between retrosternal burning and the severity of both sliding hiatal hernia and esophagitis (P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Retrosternal burning was frequently observed in patients with certain UGI structural abnormalities, such as sliding hiatal hernia and esophagitis, suggesting a possible association. Based on the findings of the present study, a more comprehensive diagnostic approach might be warranted for patients presenting with retrosternal burning to evaluate them for potential structural abnormalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"32-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12858433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotics Outperform Antioxidants in Improving Semen Parameters of Men with Idiopathic Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Farshad Gholipour, Davoud Gharakhani, Amirhossein Rahavian, Mahdi Norouzi, Mohammadreza Hajian, Serajoddin Vahidi, Mohammad Javad Nazarpour, Farbod Khorrami","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105150.3888","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105150.3888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (iOAT) treatment still poses significant challenges. This study aims to compare the therapeutic efficacy of probiotics on sperm parameters of iOAT patients with placebo and antioxidants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this triple-blind, randomized controlled trial, 110 men with iOAT were assigned to receive either a probiotic (Familact^®), an antioxidant (Sperigen^®), or a placebo daily for 3 months, in two academic centers in Iran (Isfahan and Yazd). The study was conducted from July 2021 to April 2022. Sperm parameters were analyzed using computer-assisted semen analysis. The main measured outcomes included semen volume and sperm features, including motility, morphology, and concentration. Changes in semen parameters were assessed using linear mixed-effects models with fixed effects for time, group, and their interaction. Estimated marginal means were compared across groups using Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 110 men (mean age of 34.3±4.5 years) were included in the final analysis. Significant Time×Group interactions were found for sperm concentration (P=0.003), motility (P<0.001), and morphology (P<0.001), but not for semen volume (P=0.71). After 3 months, the probiotic group showed significantly greater improvements in sperm concentration (10.42±1.11×10⁶/mL, P=0.007), motility (46.65±3.73%, P=0.001), and morphology (4.31±0.21%, P<0.001) compared to the placebo group. Additionally, probiotics outperformed antioxidants in morphology (P<0.001) and motility (P=0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to directly compare probiotics and antioxidants in treating iOAT. Probiotics showed superior performance in sperm motility and morphology compared to antioxidants, although drawing a strong conclusion requires further robust studies<b>Trial Registration Number:</b> IRCT20150420021869N5.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12858446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel <i>AP4M1</i> Variant in an Iranian Child with Spastic Paraplegia 50: A Case Report and Molecular Docking Approach.","authors":"Hamed Esmaeil Lashgarian, Masumeh Jalalvand, Maryam Zand, Amirmasoud Jalalvand, Leila Abkhooie, Fatemeh Kazemisafa, Hamidreza Khodadadi","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.106981.4128","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.106981.4128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spastic paraplegia 50 (SPG50) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the <i>AP4M1</i> gene (OMIM 602296). It is characterized by spasticity, severe intellectual disability, and delayed or absent speech. The present study reported a case from consanguineous parents, where the affected child presented with intellectual disability, seizures, muscle weakness, and deep white matter hyperintensity. Whole exome sequencing (WES) of the proband identified a novel, homozygous frameshift variant, c.258delG:p.A87Pfs*44, in the <i>AP4M1</i> gene, which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. This variant is predicted to cause a large truncation of the protein, leading to a loss of function. Molecular modeling and docking analyses further revealed that the loss of a substantial protein segment disrupts proper intramolecular interactions. A review of the literature on Iranian families with SPG50 yielded few reports, consistent with the disease's rarity. This study expanded the knowledge of the clinical and genetic features of SPG50 and underscored the importance of this variant for genetic diagnosis and counseling in affected families.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"70-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12858432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV Research Priorities in Iran: Reflections from the Early Years to a New Framework for Action.","authors":"Shohreh Beheshti","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.51468","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.51468","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12858442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital Palatal Teratoma: A Rare Case of Postnatal Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Management.","authors":"Nona Sabeti, Ezat Hajmollarezaei, Ahmad Mohamad Pour, Emad Pour Rajab","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105580.3943","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105580.3943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oropharyngeal teratoma (OPT) is a rare congenital tumor that may present either in isolation or in conjunction with craniofacial anomalies, often posing a major risk to infant survival. Recent advances in prenatal imaging, particularly high-resolution ultrasonography, have significantly improved the early detection and characterization of such tumors, enhancing clinical decision-making. Although prenatal sonography and MRI typically enable early diagnosis, the present study reported a case of OPT, diagnosed postpartum in an Iranian female infant weighing 4300 g. Despite the absence of prenatal diagnosis, the mass was successfully managed through prompt surgical intervention. The outcome was favorable, with no complications or recurrence. This case highlighted the critical role of early diagnosis and multidisciplinary perinatal planning in improving the prognosis of rare congenital tumors such as OPT.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 12","pages":"873-876"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12686947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145723246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress Influences Exosome Biogenesis by Inducing Cellular Senescence in Uterine Adenocarcinoma Ishikawa Cells.","authors":"Fatemeh Sokouti Nasimi, Behrad Alimohammadzadeh, Amir Mehdizadeh, Dhafer A F Al-Koofee, Amin Tamadon, Mahdi Mahdipour, Reza Rahbarghazi","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105914.3995","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105914.3995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The progression of life and cellular senescence can alter the physiological activity of every cell type. Here, the possible effect of oxidative stress on exosome (Exo) biogenesis was studied in endometrial adenocarcinoma Ishikawa cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This <i>in vitro</i> study was conducted from 2022 to 2023 at the Stem Cell Research Center affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Cells were treated with 20 μM hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) for 4 days, and physicochemical properties of Exos were analyzed using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and western blotting. The expression of genes such as <i>ALIX</i>, <i>CD63</i>, <i>TSG101</i>, <i>Rab27a</i>, and <i>Rab27b</i>, along with aging factor senescence-associated 𝛽-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), was studied using real-time PCR analysis. The fatty acid profile was determined in isolated Exos using gas chromatography. We also measured the exosomal content of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expression of SA-β-gal confirmed the successful induction of aging in Ishikawa cells after 4 days (P=0.0286). DLS analysis indicated a slight increase and decrease in mean Exo size and zeta potential, respectively, in H₂O₂-treated Exos compared to the control group. Proteomic analysis revealed the lack of changes in exosomal levels of CD63 and CD81 tetraspanins in both groups (P=0.001). Real-time PCR analysis indicated the upregulation of <i>ALIX</i> and <i>TSG101</i>, while the expression of <i>CD63</i> and <i>Rab27b</i> was reduced in H₂O₂-treated cells compared to the control group (P=0.0015 and P=0.0129). No statistically significant changes were found in exosomal levels of SOD, GPx, and MDA before and after treatment with the H₂O₂ (P=0.857, P=0.421, and P=0.3739). Data indicated an increase in exosomal polyunsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids in H₂O₂-treated cells compared to the control cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oxidative stress can influence Exo biogenesis and paracrine activity in endometrial tumor cells via the induction of cellular senescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 12","pages":"832-842"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12686952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145723199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Mice to Primates: Assessing Hormone-Based Endometriosis Models for Preclinical and Therapeutic Insights.","authors":"Amin Tamadon, Afshin Zare, Mahdi Mahdipour, Aria Salehpour, Nadiar M Mussin, Aliya A Mussina, Raisa A Aringazina, Ainash Duisenova, Kulyash R Zhilisbayeva, Madina A Kurmanalina, Chong Fu","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105805.3975","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105805.3975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endometriosis, a complex gynecological disorder characterized by ectopic endometrial-like tissue, affects over 10% of women, causing chronic pain and infertility. Despite extensive research, its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood, with proposed mechanisms including inflammation, hormonal dysregulation, and retrograde menstruation. Given ethical and practical challenges in human studies, animal models are essential for investigating endometriosis pathogenesis and evaluating therapeutic interventions. This review examines hormone-related animal models of endometriosis, comparing induction methods (autotransplantation, xenotransplantation, and spontaneous models) and their applications in studying sex steroid hormones (SSH) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. We analyzed 158 studies (2010-2024) from PubMed Central/Medline, focusing on SSH and HPG axis involvement. A novel scoring system was developed to assess the model's suitability based on species, induction method, pharmacological effects, hormonal/genetic evaluations, histological confirmation, feasibility, ethics, and cost. Non-human primate models, particularly spontaneous and hormone-induced baboon models, scored highest due to their physiological resemblance to humans. However, rodent models remain widely used due to practicality. Our findings highlight the need for improved preclinical models to enhance translational research, ultimately aiding in the development of targeted therapies for endometriosis. This comprehensive analysis provides a framework for selecting optimal animal models in future endometriosis research.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 12","pages":"806-818"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12686953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145723216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanocurcumin: An Innovative Strategy to Combat Virulence and Methicillin Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated from Burn Wounds.","authors":"Alaa Alhameedawi, Majid Sadeghizadeh, Bahaa Abdullah Al-Rubaii","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105799.3976","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105799.3976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is a pathogen that causes various infections and exhibits antibiotic resistance and virulence factors, requiring alternative therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nanocurcumin on gene expression of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates from burn wounds in Iraqi patients, focusing on inhibiting resistance and virulence genes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From March 2023 to May 2024, burn wound samples from Iraqi patients yielded 110 <i>S. aureus</i> isolates. Identification was conducted by Gram staining, biochemical assays, and culture techniques. Fifty isolates were randomly selected for antibiotic susceptibility testing using the VITEK 2 Compact System. Ten isolates showing the highest resistance to multiple antibiotics were selected for molecular characterization via Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (Multiplex PCR) to detect <i>fnbA</i>, <i>icaA</i>, <i>icaB</i>, <i>ftsZ</i>, <i>hla</i>, <i>pvl</i>, <i>femA</i>, and <i>mecA</i> genes. The ten isolates were then divided into two groups a treatment group exposed to nanocurcumin and an untreated control group. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of nanocurcumin was determined using the broth microdilution method in a 96-well plate. The 16S <i>rRNA</i> gene served as an internal control for evaluating the molecular effects. A two-tailed <i>t</i> test was used to assess the significance of gene expression differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 110 isolates were confirmed as <i>S. aureus</i>. The 50 selected isolates were resistant to cefoxitin, amoxicillin, benzylpenicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, cloxacillin, oxacillin, and azithromycin. MecA gene was detected in all isolates. Among the ten tested, <i>femA</i>, <i>icaA</i>, <i>hla</i>, and <i>ftsZ</i> were present in 70%; <i>pvl</i> in 50%; <i>icaB</i> in 20%; and <i>fnbA</i> in 10%. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), showed significant downregulation of <i>icaA</i>, <i>hla</i>, <i>pvl</i>, <i>femA</i>, and <i>mecA</i> in treated isolates. No significant changes were seen in <i>fnbA</i> and <i>ftsZ</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nanocurcumin inhibits <i>S. aureus</i> virulence and resistance genes, reducing biofilm formation and toxin production, but lacks effect on <i>fnbA</i> and <i>ftsZ</i>, requiring further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 12","pages":"852-862"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12686950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145723265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}