{"title":"Propensity Score Matching in Non-Interventional Studies: A Step-by-Step Guide for Clinicians and Researchers.","authors":"Saeedeh Pourahmad, Farzan Madadizadeh","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105595.3947","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105595.3947","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 12","pages":"877-881"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12686948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145723267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing Information Confidentiality in Telemedicine Platforms Using Public Web Data: A Case Study of Persian Televisit Websites.","authors":"Mohammad Haddad Soleymani, Adel Mohammadpour","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105205.3899","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105205.3899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The shift from traditional office visits to internet-based care has accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing reliance on telemedicine platforms. This growth has led to more health-related electronic data and heightened risks of unauthorized access, making it essential to prioritize information confidentiality issues. This study aims to reveal the disclosure of confidential information on a Persian televisit website.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this observational case study, we gathered public health-related electronic data from a Persian televisit website in 2022. SAS software was used to harvest messy data about patients and doctors and create a structured dataset. Meanwhile, Microsoft Excel and RStudio software programs were used for data visualization. A hashing algorithm was applied to encode personal information, preventing the identification of individuals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study showed how public web data about 263 patients and 194 doctors, harvested from the target website, can be used to reveal patients' private information. Using such data, we explored the patient-doctor interaction patterns. With access to the patients' identifiable information, we recognized the identity of the clients who received internet-based care services and their possible diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This analysis revealed that exposure of patients' confidential information could compromise their identities and underlying medical conditions. This highlights the need for a national framework to ensure the security of health-related electronic data. Health authorities should enforce comprehensive laws, while the owners of televisit websites should implement privacy by design principles into the development of such platforms to prevent the disclosure of sensitive information.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 12","pages":"843-851"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12686951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145723211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syafruddin Ilyas, Putri Cahaya Situmorang, Hafandi Ahmad, Dina Khairani, Dini Prastyo Wati, Wardah Sawitri Polem
{"title":"Exploring Nanoherbal <i>Paraboea leuserensis</i> as a Therapeutic Agent in Traumatic Brain Injury: <i>In Silico</i>, and <i>In Vivo</i> Approaches.","authors":"Syafruddin Ilyas, Putri Cahaya Situmorang, Hafandi Ahmad, Dina Khairani, Dini Prastyo Wati, Wardah Sawitri Polem","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.106167.4027","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.106167.4027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health burden and one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, affecting up to 74 million people annually. It profoundly impairs mental health, quality of life, and daily functioning. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of nanoherbal compounds from <i>Paraboea leuserensis</i> using combined <i>in silico</i> and <i>in vivo</i> approaches in a rat model of TBI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the <i>in silico</i> phase, bioactive compounds from <i>Paraboea leuserensis</i> leaves identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were screened through molecular docking to assess their binding affinity and pharmacokinetic properties. For the <i>in vivo</i> study, 30 male Wistar rats were allocated into six groups: G0 (normal control), G+(TBI control), MP (TBI+methylprednisolone 30 mg/Kg BW), and treatment groups PL100, PL200, and PL300 (TBI+nanoherbal extract at 100, 200, and 300 mg/Kg BW, respectively). Antioxidant activity was evaluated through superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (P<0.05) using GraphPad Prism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GC-MS analysis revealed bioactive compounds with favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Molecular docking showed strong interactions of 9-octadecen-12-ynoic acid methyl ester with ERK2 and CCR2, while 9-octadecenoic acid (Z) displayed notable binding to JNK3. <i>In vivo</i>, PL100 (P<0.01), PL200 (P<0.001), and PL300 (P<0.0001) significantly enhanced SOD activity and reduced MDA levels compared to the TBI control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both <i>in silico</i> and <i>in vivo</i> findings highlight the neuroprotective potential of <i>Paraboea leuserensis</i>, with PL300 showing the most pronounced antioxidant effect in TBI-induced rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 12","pages":"819-831"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12686949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145723263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra Abedini, Marzieh Mehdieh, Mohammad Ali Takhshid
{"title":"Annexin A5 Protects SH-SY5Y Cells against L-Glutamate-Induced Cytotoxicity.","authors":"Zahra Abedini, Marzieh Mehdieh, Mohammad Ali Takhshid","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.107503.4198","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.107503.4198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>L- glutamate- induced neurotoxicity is linked to neuronal loss in neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. Annexin A5 (ANXA5) is a cytosolic protein that binds calcium in eukaryotic organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of a recombinant ANXA5 against L-glutamate-induced cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction in SH-SY5Y cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ANXA5 was expressed in <i>E. coli</i> and subsequently purified using affinity chromatography. The effect of L-glutamate (0-300 mM) alone or in combination with ANXA5 (0-5µg/mL) on the viability of the SH-SY5Y cells was assessed using the MTT assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) dissipation was detected by rhodamine 123 staining and the flow cytometry method. The expressions of <i>Bax</i>, <i>Bcl-2</i>, and <i>NF-E2-Related Factor 2</i> (<i>Nrf-2</i>) genes were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. GraphPad Prism 8.0 was used to analyze the data using either one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed that L-glutamate reduced the cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.001) (IC50=165 mM). Moreover, treating SH-SY5Y cells with 165 mM of L-glutamate increased MMP dissipation, enhanced Bax expression, and reduced the expression of <i>Bcl-2</i> and <i>Nrf-2</i>, compared to the control group. ANXA5 alone had no significant effects. However, it reversed the effects of L-glutamate on cell death, MMP dissipation, and gene expression in the SH-SY5Y cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data suggest that ANXA5 can protect SH-SY5Y cells against glutamate-induced cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction, indicating its possible protective effect against glutamate-induced neurodegeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 12","pages":"863-872"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12686954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145723219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Complex Interplay of Hepatitis D in Patients with Hepatitis B: Letter to the Editor.","authors":"Kamran Bagheri Lankarani","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.107413.4183","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.107413.4183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 11","pages":"799-801"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145556973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pathological and Clinical Significance of Tumor Budding and Its Association with Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Carcinoma: A Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Bashar Al Hassawi","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.104785.3833","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.104785.3833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metastases, not the primary tumor, account for most cancer-related deaths. Tumor budding, thought to represent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), has garnered attention due to its association with invasion and migration. This study aims to assess the pathological and clinical significance of tumor budding in colorectal carcinoma and its correlation with epithelial-mesenchymal transition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective observational study, tissue samples from 101 patients (no neoadjuvant treatment) were analyzed. Tumor budding was scored using International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference guidelines and classified into Budding 1 (BD1) (1-4 buds), Budding 2 (BD2) (5-9 buds), and Budding 3 (BD3) (10+ buds) per 0.785 mm². The tissue sample was subjected to immunohistochemistry to assess EMT markers β-catenin, E-cadherin, Snail, and Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tumor budding was significantly associated with advanced tumor stage (P=0.0001), deeper invasion (P=0.003), vascular invasion (P=0.001), perineural invasion (P=0.0001), and desmoplasia (P=0.010). Regional lymph node metastasis was seen in 93% of cases with tumor budding, and distant metastasis was found in eight cases (7.9%). Aberrant β-catenin expression was seen in 82 cases (81.2%), and aberrant E-cadherin in 65 cases (64.4%). Snail and ZEB1 positivity were observed in 55 (54.5%) and 32 (31.7%) cases, respectively. A significant correlation was found between aberrant β-catenin and ZEB1 (P=0.005). Although EMT markers coexisted frequently with tumor budding, no statistically significant association was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of our study indicate that tumor budding is common in colorectal carcinoma and is significantly associated with advanced tumor stage, invasion, vascular and perineural invasion, and regional lymph node metastasis. Aberrant expression of EMT markers (β-catenin, E-cadherin, Snail, and ZEB1) was frequently observed, although no significant association with tumor budding was found.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 11","pages":"762-774"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145556910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alshimaa R Azab, Nourah Basalem, Mshari Alghadier, Humaira Khanam, Julie George, Saleh M Aloraini, Feras Alsultan, Maged A Basha, Intsar S Waked, FatmaAlzahraa H Kamel
{"title":"Muscle Strength, Functional Capacity, and Quality of Life Responses to Pilates Exercises in Children with Burn Injuries: A Single-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Alshimaa R Azab, Nourah Basalem, Mshari Alghadier, Humaira Khanam, Julie George, Saleh M Aloraini, Feras Alsultan, Maged A Basha, Intsar S Waked, FatmaAlzahraa H Kamel","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.104947.3852","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.104947.3852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Burns are a common childhood injury that can affect physical health for a long time, which has an impact on quality of life. This study aimed to determine whether adding Pilates exercise to a traditional physical therapy program improves lower extremity muscle strength, functional capacity, and quality of life in burned children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia from 2022 to 2023. A simple randomization method was followed in this study. The control group (n=30) received a traditional physical therapy program, while the Pilates group (n=30) received a Pilates training in addition to the traditional physical therapy program. All participants attended the intervention 3 days a week, for 12 weeks. Measurements were made at baseline and after 3 months of the intervention. The outcome measurements included muscle strength, functional capacity, and quality of life. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, using univariate analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After intervention, there were statistically significant differences between groups, in favour of the Pilates group, in muscle strength, functional capacity (P<0.001), with mean difference and 95% CI was 16.73 (6.95, 26.52), quality of life physical subscale (P=0.03) with mean difference and 95% CI was 6.83 (0.71, 12.96), and quality of life total scores (P=0.02) with mean difference and 95% CI was 7.17 (1.34, 13.0). However, no statistically significant difference between groups on the quality-of-life psychological subscale (P=0.48).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pilates exercises in addition to a traditional physical therapy program had a positive impact on the muscle strength of the lower limb, functional capacity, and quality of life in children with burn injury compared with the traditional exercise program alone.<b>Trial Registration Number:</b> NCT06237361.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 11","pages":"743-753"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145556950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heart Rate Variability and Blood Pressure Response to Low-Intensity Endurance Exercise Training Plus Blood Flow Restriction in Individuals with Mild Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Maryam Doustaki Zaboli, Siyavash Joukar, Masoumeh Nouzari, Soheil Aminizadeh, Masoomeh Kahnooji, Khadijeh Mohammadi","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105405.3916","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105405.3916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given limited available data and information gaps related to the effects of endurance exercise along with blood flow restriction (BFR) on the heart. This study examined the effects of low-intensity endurance exercise training (Ex) alone and BFR on blood pressure (BP), electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate variability (HRV), and heart rate recovery time (HRRT) in participants with grade 1 hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized double-blind clinical trial, 43 hypertensive participants, 50-65 years old, were randomly divided into three groups: Ex+BFR, Ex, and the control (Con) group. The training program was conducted three times weekly for 10 weeks in spring 2024 at Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Before and 24 hours after the intervention, HRV parameters, BP, ECG, and HRRT were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Ex and Ex+BFR groups showed a significant increase in Root Mean Square of Successive Differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD) (P=0.008, P=0.002), Standard Deviation of Successive Differences (SDSD) (P=0.008, P=0.002), and the standard deviation of the Poincaré plot ratio (SD1/SD2) (P=0.0004, P=0.0002), and a reduced low frequency to high frequency ratio (LF/HF) (P=0.013 and P=0.007) compared to Con group, respectively. The Ex+BFR group demonstrated a greater positive effect on frequency-domain parameters of HRV. In addition, both the Ex and Ex+BFR groups showed a significant reduction in HRRT (P=0.0001 vs. relevant baseline), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (P=0.0001), and prolonged PR interval (P=0.038 and P=0.035, respectively) and shortened QRS complex compared to the Con group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that combining low-intensity endurance exercise with BFR exerts a positive effect on cardiovascular parameters such as BP, ECG, HRRT, and demonstrates superior effects on HRV compared to exercise alone in individuals with mild hypertension. A preprint version of this manuscript is available at DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5347658/v1.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 11","pages":"775-787"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145556943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current Trends in Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Pathogens in Urinary Tract Infections in Children in Karaganda, Kazakhstan.","authors":"Shynar Yeleupayeva, Aigul Dinmukhamedova, Roman Aizman, Zhanat Mukataeva, Bibenur Baidalinova, Saule Bazarbaeva, Muhametkali Zhakupov, Zhanar Rakhimzhanova, Aisulu Kuzenbayeva","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105826.3980","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105826.3980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children and result in frequent hospitalization, creating a social and economic burden for parents and the healthcare system. This study analyzes the patterns of antibiotic resistance of dominant uropathogens and assesses the impact of patient age and sex on these patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study was conducted in Karaganda, Kazakhstan, between 2017 and 2022. Antibiotic resistance was assessed in two age groups: 0-12 months (Group I) and 13-60 months (Group II). Standard microbiological methods were used to identify UTI pathogens, and antibiotic resistance patterns were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 519 isolates (68.1%) from 762 children, the most common pathogens were <i>Escherichia coli</i> (170, 32.7%), <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (80, 15.4%), and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidiss</i> (46, 8.9%) in both age groups. Antimicrobial resistance in common pathogens in Groups I and II was high for amoxicillin (33 isolates, 76.7% and 45 isolates, 73.8%) and erythromycin (14 isolates, 73.7% and five isolates, 55.5%). Imipenem (31 isolates, 94%), amikacin (45 isolates, 90%) , and meropenem (47 isolates, 87%) were effective against <i>E. coli</i>, whereas ceftriaxone (31 isolates, 97%) was more active against Gram-positive cocci. 157 (34%) uropatogens were resistant to multiple drugs, increasing with age 72: (28%) (Group I) and 85 (43%) (Group II).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrated a progressive increase in the prevalence of multidrug-resistant uropathogens with age in the pediatric population. Periodic monitoring of uropathogens helps track the growth of multidrug-resistant strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 11","pages":"788-798"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145556948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Hands That Healed, the Mind That Inspired: A Tribute to Professor Abdolaziz Khezri, Emeritus Professor of Urology.","authors":"Zohre Hadi, Bahar Ghanbari","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.51341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/ijms.2025.51341","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 11","pages":"725"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145556903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}