Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Treatment of Schizophrenia Using Lithium Chloride, a Ketogenic Diet, and Stem Cell Transplantation.","authors":"Arvin Hedayati, Syede Jalil Masoumi, Shahrokh Zare, Mahin Homayoun","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.103057.3624","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.103057.3624","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 11","pages":"748-750"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disseminated Abdominal Cystic Echinococcosis After Blunt Abdominal Trauma: A Case Report.","authors":"Bolatbek Bimendeevich Baimakhanov, Majid Fasihi Harandi, Shokan Akhmetbekovich Kaniyev, Gulziya Nurtazayevna Ismailova, Erik Kumarbekovich Nurlanbayev, Chingiz Takhirovich Sadykov, Gulziba Muratkyzy","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.102545.3553","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.102545.3553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rupture of a hydatid cyst can lead to the development of a disseminated form of intra-abdominal cystic echinococcosis if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Anaphylactic shock is a definite indication of cyst rupture. The presented clinical case was a young athlete with a disseminated form of cystic echinococcosis, which was investigated in 2023 at the Syzganov National Scientific Center for Surgery of Kazakhstan. The disease developed gradually following a sports injury to the abdomen during sports training and was accompanied by blurred signs of anaphylactic shock. In the next 2 years, echinococcosis of the abdominal cavity was asymptomatic. The clinical manifestation of cystic echinococcosis developed gradually over the last 10-12 weeks, in the form of dull, painful abdominal pain, malaise, weakness, sweating, nausea, poor appetite, and weight loss. Subacute manifestations of the disease resembled those of acute appendicitis. A diagnostic laparotomy revealed an abundance of cystic formations in the abdominal cavity, necessitating a differential diagnosis between a disseminated form of abdominal tuberculosis with damage to the mesenteric lymph nodes. However, instrumental verification of the parasite, together with the morphological exclusion of the extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis, made it possible to establish a disseminated form of cystic echinococcosis. The patient underwent a cystectomy, was discharged in satisfactory condition, and was informed about the possibility of disease recurrence. In conclusion, in hyperendemic zones, it is recommended to carry out immunological testing for echinococcosis on all abdominal sports injuries, independent of the presence of anaphylactic shock symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 11","pages":"741-747"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Epigenetic Mechanisms in Aggressive Periodontitis; Unraveling the Molecular Dynamics of Disease Progression: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Ranny Grevanny, Antonius Winoto Suhartono, Almasyifa Herlingga Rahmasari Amin, Elza Ibrahim Auerkari","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.100801.3332","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.100801.3332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aggressive periodontitis is an inflammation of the periodontal tissue that usually affects adolescents and young adults aged <30 years, caused by attachment loss and fast bone degradation. The correlation between the epigenetic status and the initiation and progression of numerous acquired diseases was documented. Consequently, targeting epigenetic factors within periodontal tissues stands as an appealing prospect for both the diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis. In addition to the role of pathogenic bacteria and their products, alterations in gene expression due to extrinsic and intrinsic factors can cause disturbances in the host's immune response. Epigenetic changes, whether DNA methylation or microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation, can cause changes in gene expression in aggressive periodontitis and lead to more severe and rapid loss of the periodontal tissues. This study aimed to elucidate the relationships between oral hygiene, pathogenic bacteria, and genetics in periodontitis development to promote targeted prevention and treatment for enhanced oral health in individuals at risk of aggressive periodontitis. The method employed in this study entailed a comprehensive review and analysis of scholarly literature on the relationship between epigenetic mechanisms and the development of aggressive periodontitis. In conclusion, epigenetic regulation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis through DNA methylation mechanisms that begin with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokine signaling pathways, promoter genes, and progress to pro-inflammatory cells. When periodontal tissue inflammation occurs, miRNA inhibits protein translation from messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), which contributes to its aggressiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 11","pages":"680-690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes Mitigated Hepatic Cirrhosis in Rats by Altering the Expression of miR-23b and miR-221.","authors":"Somia H Abd-Allah, Tarek Khamis, Walaa Samy, Amira Ebrahim Alsemeh, Doaa M Abdullah, Samia Hussein","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2023.99524.3159","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2023.99524.3159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in liver cirrhosis is limited by their entrapment in the pulmonary vessels. Thus, the use of MSC-derived exosomes has become a promising strategy. The current work aimed to compare the role of human umbilical cord blood-MSCs (hUCB-MSCs) and their derived exosomes in the alleviation of liver cirrhosis focusing on the role of miR-23b and miR-221 and their direct effectors in inflammatory and autophagic pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rats were divided into six groups normal controls (negative control), liver cirrhosis group (positive control), liver cirrhotic rats that received conditioned media, liver cirrhotic rats that received hUCB-MSCs, cirrhotic rats that received exosomes, and cirrhotic rats that received both hUCB-MSCs and exosomes. The messenger RNA expression of <i>transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP 9), fibronectin, collagen type-1 (col1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Suppressor of Mothers Against Decapentaplegic (SMAD) 2</i> and <i>7, Beclin, P62,</i> and <i>light chain 3 (LC3)</i> were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical staining for Beclin, P62, and LC3 was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The treatment of cirrhotic rats with hUCB-MSCs, exosomes, or the combination of them significantly downregulated <i>miRNA-221, fibronectin, collagen I, α-SMA, Smad2</i> (P<0.001, for each), and P62 (P=0.032, P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). Additionally, the treatment of cirrhotic rats with hUCB-MSCs, exosomes, or the combination of them significantly upregulated <i>mTOR</i>, <i>Beclin</i>, <i>LC3</i>, and <i>Smad7</i> (P<0.001, for each) and <i>miRNA-23</i> (P=0.021, P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>hUCB-MSCs and their derived exosomes ameliorated liver cirrhosis by anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects besides modulation of autophagy. The exosomes had a better improvement effect either alone or combined with hUCB-MSCs, as proved by improvement in liver function tests, and molecular, histopathological, and immunohistochemical profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 11","pages":"724-740"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Eight Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training on Follistatin Gene Expression in the Fast and Slow Twitch Muscles of Rats with Myocardial Infarction.","authors":"Edris Ramezani, Mehran Ghahramani, Hadi Ghaedi","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.99387.3141","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.99387.3141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myocardial infarction causes mitochondrial atrophy and loss of function by reducing mitochondrial volume. Therefore, researchers are interested in finding a way to reduce the injuries and treat them. The study aims to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training on follistatin (FST) gene expression in the fast and slow twitch muscles of rats with myocardial infarction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted in 2020 at the Cardiac Research Center, Shahid Rajaei University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran). For this purpose, 12 male Wistar rats with myocardial infarction were assigned to the experimental group high-intensity interval training (3 days a week for 30 min, each interval consisting of 4 min of running with 85-90% VO_2max intensity and 2 min of active recovery with intensity of 50-60% VO_2max for 8 weeks) and a control group. Then, the expression of follistatin in fast and slow twitch muscle contraction genes was investigated as triggers and inhibitors of muscle atrophy. Statistical data were analyzed with SPSS18 (α≥0.05). To determine the normality of the data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used, and in the case of normality of the data distribution, the independent samples <i>t</i> test was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Independent <i>t</i> test results showed that FST gene expression in the slow twitch (ST) muscle contraction group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.001). Moreover, the expression of the FST gene in fast twitch muscles was significantly increased in the severe exercise group compared with the control group (P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, 8 weeks of intense intermittent exercise decreased FST gene expression in slow and fast twitch muscles in rats with myocardial infarction.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 11","pages":"716-723"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Efficacy of Intravenous Papaverine plus Ketorolac in the Emergency Treatment of Renal Colic: A Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial.","authors":"Javad Mozafari, Ali Khavanin, Ali Delirrooyfard, Mohammadreza Pirouzi, Naeimehossadat Asmarian","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2023.100323.3251","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2023.100323.3251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute renal colic has been challenging and has brought many concerns for physicians and patients for centuries. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic effect and safety of a combination of papaverine and ketorolac against ketorolac and placebo in treating acute renal colic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized clinical trial was performed in patients with renal colic from May 2018 to May 2020 in Ahvaz, Iran. Patients with colic pain due to sand or kidney stones underwent clinical examination. The pain intensified based on the visual analog scale (VAS) and the patients' need for rescue analgesia are considered as primary outcomes at various times after treatment. Patients were equally divided into two groups: A (ketorolac plus papaverine) and B (ketorolac plus placebo) by block balanced randomization method. Student <i>t</i> test, the Chi square, and ANOVA tests were used for statistical analyses, which were performed by SPSS 19.0. P<0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant difference was observed in 280 patients (140 patients in each group) in pain intensity between both groups at 45 and 60 min. VAS scores in groups A and B were 5.08±1.23 and 5.56±1.11 in 45 min and 3.35±1.47 and 3.92±1.31 in 60 min (P=0.001, P=0.002), respectively. In subgroup analysis, the VAS score significantly decreased after taking the drug for middle and proximal ureteral stones at 45 and 60 min (P<0.001). Rescue analgesics were required in 7 (5%) and 21 (15%) patients in groups A and B, respectively (P=0.005). Side effects were similar in the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, ketorolac, along with papaverine, was effective in acute renal colic control, and combination therapy with ketorolac and papaverine was associated with reduced use of other rescue analgesics.<b>Trial Registration Number:</b> IRCT20190217042738N1.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 11","pages":"691-698"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knee Arthroplasty without Metal Augmentations in Patients with Major Tibial Defects: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Gholam Hossain Shahcheraghi, Mahzad Javid, Alireza Tavakoli, Elahe Nirooei, Elham Momtahan","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.100363.3265","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.100363.3265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Knee arthroplasty procedures improve pain, function, stability, and appearance of the limb. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in severe, long-standing osteoarthritis (OA) with large medial tibial defects could be a challenge. This paper looks at TKA outcomes when large tibial defects are managed without metal wedges or stems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>TKA cases done for OA with tibial defects of 15-25 mm, without any metal wedge or stem from 2004 to 2017 by a single surgeon in Shiraz, Iran, were clinically and radiographically evaluated. The preoperative questionnaires of SF36, WOMAC, KSS, and radiographs were compared with the follow-up assessments of the same parameters. Data were analyzed by R programming language using student <i>t</i> test, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis. P<0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>91 knees in 72 patients at 65.99±8.66 years of age and 8.28±2.58 years follow-up were studied. The tibial defects were managed with extra tibial cuts and adjustment of tibial component position in all, and the addition of structural autograft in 14 knees. 89 (98%) knees survived with a knee society score (KSS) of 79.4±17.6 and were significantly functioning well (P<0.001). Two knees required revision surgery. Significant improvement in outcome measurements was seen in all cases (P<0.001). No radiographic loosening, alignment change, or clinical instability was detected. The tibial plateau reconstruction without bone grafting and the ones that had autologous bone grafting had similar functional results and radiographic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TKA with tibial defects of 15-25 mm treated with a semi-constrained posterior-cruciate ligament (PCL) sacrificing condylar prosthesis without any metal wedges or stem extensions with or without additional autogenous bone graft obtained very good functional and radiographic outcome and 97% survival in 6-17 years follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 11","pages":"707-715"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clustering the Economic Status via Partitioning around Medoid and Its Association with Common Non-communicable Diseases.","authors":"Elaheh Sanjari, Ali Ahmadi, Hadi Raeisi Shahraki","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2023.100513.3275","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2023.100513.3275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During the last decades, the role of economic status and wealth-related variables in relation to the mortality and incidence of a wide range of diseases have received increased attention. This study focused on clustering the economic status of a population-based study using partitioning around the medoid (PAM) and then investigating the association between the obtained economic clusters and the incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study was based on data from Shahrekord Cohort Study (SCS). This study considered nine NCDs, including cardiac disease, myocardial infarction, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, all types of malignancies, chronic lung disease, depression, and obesity, among 7034 participants aged 35 and 70 from the urban population of Sharekord (IRAN) in 2022. Four quantitative and four qualitative variables were used to cluster the economic status. The <i>NbClust</i> package was used to determine the optimal number of clusters, and the K-med package in R software (version 4.2.1) was used for PAM clustering. Descriptive statistics were reported as frequency (%) or median (IQR), and statistical analysis was performed using the Chi square test and Mann-Whitney test in SPSS software (version 19.0). P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The estimated optimal number of clusters was two. The first cluster contained individuals with good economic status, while the second cluster contained those with a moderate economic status. The findings indicated that individuals with a good economic status had significantly higher rates of cardiac disease (7.2% versus 5.3%, P<0.001), stroke (1.3% versus 0.6%, P<0.001), diabetes (12.8% versus 9.1%, P<0.001), hypertension (21.6% versus 15.6%, P<0.001), depression (P<0.001), and obesity (P=0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of the present study showed that economic status was significantly associated with the majority of NCDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 11","pages":"699-706"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor regarding \"Comparison of High-intensity Laser Therapy with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in the Treatment of Patients with Plantar Fasciitis: A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial\".","authors":"Yuhan Gong, Xinjie Wang","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.103196.3637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/ijms.2024.103196.3637","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 10","pages":"677-679"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11497324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142500577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foramen Ovale Pulsatility Index as an Early Affected Doppler Study among Abnormal Growth Fetuses: A Recent Insight for Practice Based on a Prospective Study.","authors":"Azam Faraji, Fereshteh Gharibpour, Niloofar Namazi, Ali Mohammad Shakiba, Maryam Kasraeian, Nasrin Asadi, Homeira Vafaei, Marjan Zare, Khadijeh Bazrafshan, Zahra Oveisi","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.100177.3231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/ijms.2024.100177.3231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Routine Doppler study is a common tool for early diagnosis of Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) and Small for Gestational Age (SGA) patients. It aimed to determine the role of the Foramen Ovale Pulsatility Index (FOPI) study beside routine Doppler study among patients with FGR and SGA fetuses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study was conducted on 35 FGR, 32 SGA, and 33 Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) fetuses. Demographic data, amniotic fluid index, neonatal outcome, and Doppler velocimetry, including Umbilical Artery Pulsatility Index (UMAPI), Uterine Artery Pulsatility Index (UTAPI), Middle Cerebral Artery Pulsatility Index (MCAPI), Ductus Venosus Pulsatility Index (DVPI), and FOPI were documented. Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, non-parametric pairwise comparisons adjusted for Bonferroni correction, Pearson correlation test, Chi square, Fisher's exact test, and Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) analysis with Youden's Index (sensitivity+specificity-1) to estimate cut-off point were used to analyze the data at significance level <0.05 for all tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FOPI cut-off points were 2.24 (sensitivity=77%, specificity=94%) and 1.15 (sensitivity=90%, specificity=20%) to predict FGR and SGA, respectively. FOPI showed a positive correlation with UMAPI and UTAPI (r=0.52 and r=0.30, P<0.001 and P=0.006, respectively), but not with MCAPI and DVPI (r=0.08 and r=0.12, P=0.50 and P=0.30, respectively). Besides, UMAPI, UTAPI, and FOPI were altered among patients with stages I and II FGR. Umbilical cord potential hydrogen (umbilical cord pH), 1- and 5-min Apgar score significantly increased by Birth weight centile; however, UMAPI, FOPI, and UTAPI significantly decreased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UMAPI is recommended to predict short-term neonatal morbidities and demonstrate the early or late onset FGR. Besides, FOPI is suggested as the first-line Doppler study to detect abnormal growth velocity. More studies are warranted, especially considering long-term neonatal morbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 10","pages":"632-642"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11497320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142500575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}