{"title":"Isorhamnetin Exerts Antifibrotic Effects by Attenuating Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB-induced HSC-T6 Cells Activation via Suppressing PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway","authors":"Mojtaba Rashidi, Emad Matour, Hasti Beheshti Nasab, Maryam Cheraghzadeh, Elham Shakerian","doi":"10.61186/ibj.3948","DOIUrl":"10.61186/ibj.3948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Currently, liver fibrosis is growing worldwide; unfortunately, there is no definite cure for this disease. Hence, understanding the molecular pathways involved in the development of liver fibrosis can help to find a proper treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of isorhamnetin as an antifibrotic agent on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC)-T6 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. We have also attempted to assess signaling pathways that may affect liver fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PDGF-BB was used to activate the HSC-T6 rat hepatic stellate cell line. The activated cells were treated with Isorhamnetin for 24 h. Finally, we compared the mRNA expression level of COLA1 and α-SMA and also the level of phosphorylated AKT protein with the control group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The obtained data revealed a significant increase in the expression level of the COLA1 and α-SMA genes (p > 0.05), as well as phosphorylated AKT protein, in the cells treated with PDGF-BB. In addition, 75 and 100 µM concentrations of Isorhamnetin markedly declined the COLA1 and α-SMA expression and also the phosphorylated AKT protein level in the HSC-T6 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that Isorhamnetin decreases HSC-T6 activation, the expression of COLA1 and α-SMA, in vitro, which could act as an antifibrotic element to reduce and treat liver fibrosis disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":14500,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Biomedical Journal","volume":"27 4","pages":"199-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10507286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10102705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mansoor Khaledi, Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi, P. Owlia, H. Saderi
{"title":"Antimicrobial Effects of Mouse Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Encapsulated in Collagen-Fibrin Hydrogel Scaffolds on Bacteroides fragilis Wound Infection in vivo.","authors":"Mansoor Khaledi, Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi, P. Owlia, H. Saderi","doi":"10.52547/ibj.3919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ibj.3919","url":null,"abstract":"Background Anaerobes are the causative agents of many wound infections. B. fragilis is the most prevalent endogenous anaerobic bacterium causes a wide range of diseases, including wound infections. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial effect of mouse AD-MSCs encapsulated in CF hydrogel scaffolds on B. fragilis wound infection in an animal model. Methods Stem cells were extracted from mouse adipose tissue and confirmed by surface markers using flow cytometry analysis. The possibility of differentiation of stem cells into osteoblast and adipocyte cells was also assessed. The extracted stem cells were encapsulated in the CF scaffold. B. fragilis wound infection was induced in rats, and then following 24 h, collagen and fibrin-encapsulated MSCs were applied to dress the wound. One week later, a standard colony count test monitored the bacterial load in the infected rats. Results MSCs were characterized as positive for CD44, CD90, and CD105 markers and negative for CD34, which were able to differentiate into osteoblast and adipocyte cells. AD-MSCs encapsulated with collagen and fibrin scaffolds showed ameliorating effects on B. fragilis wound infection. Additionally, AD-MSCs with a collagen scaffold (54 CFU/g) indicated a greater effect on wound infection than AD-MSCs with a fibrin scaffold (97 CFU/g). The combined CF scaffold demonstrated the highest reduction in colony count (the bacteria load down to 29 CFU/g) in the wound infection. Conclusion Our findings reveal that the use of collagen and fibrin scaffold in combination with mouse AD-MSCs is a promising alternative treatment for B. fragilis.","PeriodicalId":14500,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Biomedical Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139368292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatemeh Torkashvand, Mahsa Mehranfar, Mahsa Rashidi Gero, Parisa Jafarian, Esmat Mirabzadeh, Bahareh Azarian, Soroush Sardari, Behrouz Vaziri
{"title":"Trastuzumab Charge Variants: a Study on Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties.","authors":"Fatemeh Torkashvand, Mahsa Mehranfar, Mahsa Rashidi Gero, Parisa Jafarian, Esmat Mirabzadeh, Bahareh Azarian, Soroush Sardari, Behrouz Vaziri","doi":"10.52547/ibj.3837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ibj.3837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-translational modifications in bioprocessing and storage of recombinant mAbs are the main sources of charge variants. While the profile of these kinds of variants is considered an important attribute for the therapeutic mAbs, there is controversy about their direct role in safety and efficacy. In this study, the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of the separated charge variants belonging to a trastuzumab potential biosimilar, were examined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The acidic peaks, basic peaks, and main variants of trastuzumab were separated and enriched by semi-preparative weak cation exchange. A panel of analytical techniques was utilized to characterize the physicochemical properties of these variants. The binding affinity to HER2 and FcγRs and the PK parameters were evaluated for each variant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the results, the charge variants of the proposed biosimilar had no significant influence on the examined efficacy and PK parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During the development and production of biosimilar monoclonal antibodies, evaluating the effect of their charge variants on efficacy and PK parameters is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14500,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Biomedical Journal","volume":"27 2 & 3","pages":"108-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10314757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9733266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Mir-4270 Inhibitor and Mimic on Viability and Stemness in Gastric Cancer Stem-Like Cells Derived from MKN-45 Cell Line.","authors":"Hassan Akrami, Seyedeh Azra Shamsdin, Yousef Nikmanesh, Mohammadreza Fattahi","doi":"10.52547/ibj.3851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ibj.3851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are significant regulatory factors in stem cell proliferation, and change in miRNA expression influences the cancer stem cell viability and gene expression. Herein, we evaluated the effect of the hsa-miR-4270 inhibitor and its mimic on the expression of stem cell markers in gastric cancer (GC) stem-like cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>GC stem-like cells were isolated from the MKN-45 cell line by a non-adherent surface system. The cells were confirmed by differentiation assays using dexamethasone and insulin as adipogenesis-inducing agents and also Staurosporine as a neural-inducing agent. Isolated GC stem-like cells were treated with different concentrations (0, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, and 60 nM) of hsa-miR-4270 inhibitor and its mimic. The quantity of cell viability was determined by trypan blue method. Transcription of the stem cell marker genes, including CD44, OCT3/4, SOX2, Nanog, and KLF4, was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that GC stem-like cells were differentiated into both adipose cells using dexamethasone and insulin and neural cells by Staurosporine. Treatment of GC stem-like cells with hsa-miR-4270 inhibitor decreased cell viability and downregulated OCT3/4, CD44, and Nanog to 86%, 79%, and 91% respectively. Also, SOX2 and KLF4 were overexpressed to 8.1- and 1.94-folds, respectively. However, hsa-miR-4270 mimic had opposite effects on the cell viability and gene expression of the stem cell markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The effect of hsa-miR-4270 inhibitor and its mimic on the expression of the stem cell markers in GCSCs indicated that hsa-miR-4270 stimulates the stemness property of GCSCs, likely through stimulating the development of gastric stem cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":14500,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Biomedical Journal","volume":"27 2 & 3","pages":"100-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10314761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9733265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Thymol-Loaded Niosomal Film for the Prevention of Implant-Related Infection.","authors":"Raziyeh Najafloo, Rana Imani, Mahla Behyari, Shirin Nour","doi":"10.52547/ibj.3788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ibj.3788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infection is one of the significant challenges in medical implant-related surgeries. Despite systemic antibiotic therapies, bacterial growth after implantation may cause implant failure. Nowadays, unlike the systemic therapy, local controlled release of antibiotic agents is considered an effective approach for the prevention of implant-related infections. The present study aimed to develop a niosomal nanocarrier incorporated into fibroin films for local and continuous delivery of thymol, a natural plant-derived antimicrobial agent for preventing infections caused by implant-related.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Niosomes containing thymol were prepared by thin-film hydration technique. Thymol sustained release from the prepared films was assessed for 14 days. Antibacterial activities of the synthesized films were also evaluated by the agar diffusion technique against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The release behavior from the niosomal thymol films showed a sustained manner, in which the amount of the released thymol reached 40% after 14 days. The films containing thymol with and without niosome showed a significant viability against L929 fibroblast cells compared to other groups after 24 and 48 h, using MTT assay. Also, samples exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study demonstrate that the niosomal thymol-loaded fibroin film is a promising candidate for the controlled release of thymol and prevention of implant-related infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":14500,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Biomedical Journal","volume":"27 2 & 3","pages":"117-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10314763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9741256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peptides with Diverse Functions from Scorpion Venom: A Great Opportunity for the Treatment of a Wide Variety of Diseases.","authors":"Narges Pashmforoosh, Masoumeh Baradaran","doi":"10.61186/ibj.3863","DOIUrl":"10.61186/ibj.3863","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14500,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Biomedical Journal","volume":"27 2 & 3","pages":"84-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10314758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9791326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"K-Ras4A Plays a More Significant Role than K-Ras4B in Ductal Carcinoma of Breast.","authors":"Mohamad Mahdi Mortazavipour, Zeinab Mohamadalizadeh-Hanjani, Loabat Geranpayeh, Reza Mahdian, Shirin Shahbazi","doi":"10.61186/ibj.3857","DOIUrl":"10.61186/ibj.3857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>K-Ras mutations rarely occur in breast cancer. However, studies have supported that K-Ras upregulation is involved in breast cancer pathogenesis. Two main K-Ras transcript variants; K-Ras4A and K-Ras4B, originate from the alternative splicing of exon 4. In this study, we aimed to evaluate variations in the expression of K-Ras4A and K-Ras4B and their role in breast ductal carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Total RNA was extracted from breast tumors, and the NATs obtained via mastectomy. Patients were selected from new cases of breast cancer with no prior history of chemotherapy. Relative mRNA expression was calculated based on a pairwise comparison between the tumors and the NATs following normalization to the internal control gene. Predictive values of the transcript variants were examined by ROC curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant increase was found in the K-Ras4A and K-Ras4B expression with the mean fold changes of 7.58 (p = 0.01) and 2.47 (p = 0.001), respectively. The K-Ras4A/K-Ras4B ratio was lower in the tumors than that of the normal tissues. ROC curve analysis revealed the potential of K-Ras4A (AUC: 0.769) and K-Ras4B (AUC: 0.688) in breast cancer prediction. There was also a significant association between K-Ras4B expression and HER2 statues (p = 0.04). Furthermore, a significant link was detected between K-Ras4A expression and pathological prognostic stages (p = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings revealed that expression levels of K-Ras4A and K-Ras4B is higher in the tumor compared to the normal breast tissues. Increase in K-Ras4A expression was more significant than that of K-Ras4B.</p>","PeriodicalId":14500,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Biomedical Journal","volume":"27 2 & 3","pages":"126-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10314762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9733267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A de novo TINF2, R282C Mutation in a Case of Dyskeratosis Congenital Founded by Next-Generation Sequencing.","authors":"Motahareh Khakzad, Zahra Shahbazi, Majid Naderi, Morteza Karimipoor","doi":"10.61186/ibj.3783","DOIUrl":"10.61186/ibj.3783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dyskeratosis congenita (DC), an inherited and rare disease prevalent in males, is clinically manifested by reticulate hyperpigmentation, nail dystrophy, and leukoplakia. DC is associated with the increased risk of malignancy and other potentially lethal complications such as bone marrow failure, as well as lung and liver diseases. Mutations in 19 genes were found to be correlated with DC. Herein, we report a 12-year-old boy carrying a de novo mutation in TINF2 gene.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on DNA sample of the proband, and the variant was investigated in the family by Sanger sequencing. Population and bioinformatics analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The NM_ 001099274.3(TINF2): c.844C>T (p.Arg282Cys) mutation was found by WES.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was no history of the disease in the family, and the variant was classified as a de novo mutation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14500,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Biomedical Journal","volume":"27 2 & 3","pages":"146-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10314759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9733263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Taherpoor, Arastoo Vojdani, Seyed Mohamad Ali Hashemi, Arian Amali, Mohammad Reza Mardani, Majid Ghayour Mobarhan, Habibollah Esmaily, Mohammad Taghi Shakeri, Mansoureh Bakhshi, Mojtaba Meshkat, Amin Hooshyar Chechaklou, Samaneh Abolbashari, Aida Gholoobi, Zahra Meshkat
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Viruses Types 1 and 2 in a Population, Age 15-35 Years, of Mashhad City.","authors":"Ahmad Taherpoor, Arastoo Vojdani, Seyed Mohamad Ali Hashemi, Arian Amali, Mohammad Reza Mardani, Majid Ghayour Mobarhan, Habibollah Esmaily, Mohammad Taghi Shakeri, Mansoureh Bakhshi, Mojtaba Meshkat, Amin Hooshyar Chechaklou, Samaneh Abolbashari, Aida Gholoobi, Zahra Meshkat","doi":"10.61186/ibj.3828","DOIUrl":"10.61186/ibj.3828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Considering the high prevalence and clinical importance of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection worldwide, we aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in a population aged between 15 and 35 years in Mashhad, Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted on 916 cases composed of 288 (31.4%) men and 628 (68.6%) women. Using ELISA method, the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies against HSV-1 and HSV-2 was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the population studied, 681 (74.3%) cases were positive for anti-HSV antibodies, while 235 (25.7%) cases were negative. Moreover, no IgMs were found and all positive subjects had IgG antibodies. Age (p < 0.001), occupation (p < 0.001), education (p = 0.006), smoking (p = 0.029), and BMI (p = 0.004) demonstrated a significant association with HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study indicates a high seroprevalence of HSV infection; however, there was no cases positive for IgM antibodies, suggesting the high prevalence of latent infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":14500,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Biomedical Journal","volume":"27 2 & 3","pages":"152-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10314764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9733264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of Isoenzyme Pattern of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1-G3) and E. canadensis (G6/G7) Protoscoleces","authors":"Majid Dousti, Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi, Rahmat Solgi, Arghavan Vafafar, Yosef Sharifi, Amirhossein Radfar, Gholam Reza Hatam","doi":"10.61186/ibj.3815","DOIUrl":"10.61186/ibj.3815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Different genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) infect humans and ungulate animals, causing cystic echinococcosis. Simultaneous isoenzyme, as well as molecular characterizations of this parasite, has not yet been investigated in Iran. The present study aimed to evaluate the isoenzyme pattern of the E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) and E. canadensis genotypes in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 32 (8 humans and 24 animals) cystic echinococcosis cysts were isolated from Shiraz, Tehran, Ilam, and Birjand from May 2018 to December 2020. The DNAs were extracted and their genotypes were determined by molecular methods. Enzymes were extracted from the cysts and subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate sehydrogenase (G6PD), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), malic enzyme (ME), nucleoside hydrolyse 1 (NH1), and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) were examined in the cyst samples using isoenzyme method and compared it with the genotyping findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DNA sequence analysis of the samples showed that the specimens contained 75% E. granulosus s.s. (G1) and 25% E. canadensis (G6) genotypes. The isoenzyme pattern of ICD in both genotypes produced a six-band pattern with different relative factors. The G6PD also produced two bands with different relative migrations in both genotypes. The MDH and NH1 systems revealed a two-band pattern, while only one band was generated in the ME enzyme in the E. granulosus s.s. genotype. In the E. canadensis, the MDH and NH1 enzymes showed one band, and the ME enzyme represented a two-band pattern.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that E. granulosus s.s. and E. canadensis genotypes have entirely different isoenzyme patterns for NH1, G6PD, MDH, and ME.</p>","PeriodicalId":14500,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Biomedical Journal","volume":"27 2 & 3","pages":"136-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10314765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10349272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}