International Urology and Nephrology最新文献

{"title":"The optimal management of large upper ureteral stones (> 1.5 cm) with infection in elderly patients: a comparative analysis of three minimally invasive surgical approaches.","authors":"Xinyu Chen, Jiawei Guo, Yongqi Dou, Xinping Yi, Yongjiang Xiong, Tao Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s11255-024-04176-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11255-024-04176-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of three minimally invasive surgical approaches for treating large upper ureteral stones complicated by infection in elderly (> 60 years) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical data from 95 elderly patients with large upper ureteral stones and infection, treated at our hospital between January 2018 and April 2023, were retrospectively analyzed. The surgical approaches included FURL (flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy) 33 cases, mPCNL (minimally percutaneous nephrolithotomy) 29 cases, and RLUL (retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy) 33 cases. Surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, reoperation rate, incidence of postoperative complications, and hospitalization costs were observed and compared among the three groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant difference was found in stone clearance rates among the three groups (P > 0.05). The FURL group exhibited advantages over the mPCNL and RLUL groups in surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay (P < 0.05). However, it also had the highest reoperation rate and hospitalization costs (P < 0.05). RLUL demonstrated superiority over the mPCNL and RLUL groups in terms of reoperation rate, incidence of complications, and hospitalization costs (P < 0.05). Notably, mPCNL exhibited the highest complication rate at 37.9% (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For elderly patients with large upper ureteral stones complicated by infection, FURL, mPCNL, and RLUL represent effective surgical approaches. Further attention is needed regarding the perioperative safety of mPCNL. RLUL, which offers higher safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness, can be considered a primary surgical option for these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14454,"journal":{"name":"International Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"71-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Report of climacturia and orgasmic disorders after radical prostatectomy in a Brazilian tertiary hospital: shedding light on a neglected condition.","authors":"Pedro Daher Carneiro Gamberini, Bruno Chiesa Gouveia Nascimento, Homero Ribeiro Filho, William Nahas, José de Bessa Junior, Thiago Afonso Teixeira, Jorge Hallak","doi":"10.1007/s11255-024-04181-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11255-024-04181-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>After radical prostatectomy (RP), it is rarely acknowledged that several sexual dysfunctions can arise. These include issues in the orgasmic domain (e.g., decreased orgasm intensity, dysorgasmia), problems with ejaculation (e.g., absence of ejaculation), the development of penile deformities, and low sexual desire. This article aims to report the occurrence of orgasmic and ejaculatory dysfunction when actively investigated, documenting those rates and characterizing specific features of these conditions following RP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study has analyzed retrospective data from men who underwent RP and were experiencing erectile dysfunction. During a structured visit, patients were systematically questioned about dysorgasmia, altered orgasmic sensation, climacturia, and arousal incontinence. Continuous variables were analyzed using the Student T or ANOVA tests, while categorical variables were analyzed using Chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests. The associations were described as odds ratios with precise confidence intervals. All tests were two sided; a p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty patients were included, out of which 3 (5%) reported dysorgasmia, while 33.3% presented a decrease in orgasm intensity. Climacturia was reported as the most common orgasmic disorder in 40 (66.6%) patients. However, only 14 patients (35%) reported that it frequently occurs, i.e., more than half of the time. Among the patients who reported climacturia, 72.5% classified it as mild losses. Additionally, arousal incontinence (AI) was noted in the study by 19 (26.3%) patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study highlights the importance of discussing orgasmic dysfunctions after RP, which can be frequent and bothersome but are often overlooked in preoperative counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":14454,"journal":{"name":"International Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"115-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy of low-energy shock waves in treating uropathogenic E. coli.","authors":"Saad Khan, Bilal Ahmad, Abdur Rehman, Iftikhar Khan, Aftab Ahmad","doi":"10.1007/s11255-024-04195-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11255-024-04195-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14454,"journal":{"name":"International Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"143-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composite dietary antioxidant index is associated with renal anemia: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Liling Zhang, Defeng Yin, Tingting Zhu, Lei Geng, Linwang Gan, Santao Ou, Di Fan","doi":"10.1007/s11255-024-04157-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11255-024-04157-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An increasing evidence suggested that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is closely related to oxidative stress, and dietary antioxidant intake can serve as a primary preventive measure for CKD. However, the relationship between composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and renal anemia is not well understood. We postulated that elevated CDAI levels would be inversely related to a higher likelihood of renal anemia. The standardized calculation of CDAI was performed to investigate the relationship between them by a binary regression model. A non-linear relationship was examined through restricted cubic spline curves, and then pinpointed the inflection point. Subgroup analysis was then used to assess the robustness of the model. Finally 5880 participants were included in the study and a notable correlation between CDAI and renal anemia was found (P < 0.0001). In the multivariate linear regression model with adjustment for all confounding variables, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.96 (0.94, 0.98; P < 0.0001), A non-linear relationship between CDAI and renal anemia was explored through restricted cubic splines, with a inflection at 6.005. Before the inflection point, for each unit rise in CDAI, the prevalence of renal anemia decreased by 5.7%. Subgroup analysis showed no statistically significant differences in interactions between any subgroups (P > 0.05). Our findings indicated a non-linear negative correlation between CDAI and renal anemia. The causal relationship still needs to be further clarified through large-scale prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14454,"journal":{"name":"International Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"215-222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic oral administration of L-carnitine induces testicular injury: in vivo evidence.","authors":"Lingxiang Ran, Rui Zhao, Guangmo Hu, Guangcheng Dai, Qiu Yao, Cai Chen, Xiaolong Liu, Boxin Xue","doi":"10.1007/s11255-024-04164-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11255-024-04164-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>While L-carnitine is commonly used to treat oligoasthenozoospermia, concerns have been raised regarding its potential harm to spermatogenesis. This study aims to investigate the potential testicular toxicity of long-term oral administration of L-carnitine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we refer to the clinical adult dosage and mode of L-carnitine administration, and after converting to mouse doses, mice were daily intragastrical administered L-carnitine to investigate whether it was harmful to the testis. The investigation involved assessing its potential testicular toxicity through histopathological staining, sperm motility analysis, and quantitative real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed that L-carnitine increased sperm motility after 14 days of continuous administration, but increased luminal exfoliated spermatogenic cells occurred in the testis, and TUNEL results showed increased apoptotic cells. Compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of the spermatogenic cell marker at each stage was decreased in mice treated for 14 consecutive days of L-carnitine. After 50 days of continuous administration followed by 14 days of drug withdrawal, the total sperm motility of mice was almost 0, and a large number of abnormal eosinophilic spermatogenic cells appeared in the testis. These indicate that oral L-carnitine for more than 14 days impairs spermatogenesis in mice, and sudden discontinuation of administration results in substantial death of established spermatogenic cell populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that chronic oral administration of L-carnitine impairs spermatogenic function in the testis. The oral administration of L-carnitine to enhance sperm motility should not exceed the 2/5 point of the spermatogenic cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":14454,"journal":{"name":"International Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"35-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling dendritic cells subsets in renal tissue of patients with crescentic glomerulonephritis.","authors":"Xi Cheng, Xue Bai, Wen-Ya Shang, Li Wei, Jun-Ya Jia, Tie-Kun Yan, Qiu-Hua Gu","doi":"10.1007/s11255-024-04175-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11255-024-04175-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dendritic cells (DCs) have been speculated to be involved in the pathogenesis of glomerular diseases. However, the numbers and distribution of DC subsets in the kidneys of patients with crescentic glomerulonephritis (CrGN) have not been clearly elucidated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 26 patients with biopsy-proven CrGN were enrolled. Indirect immunofluorescence staining was used to quantify DC subsets in renal specimens. Double staining of HLA with CD11C, BDCA2 and CD209 respectively was performed to detect DC subsets. The correlation between DC subsets infiltrated in the kidney and clinical and pathological parameters was investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DC subsets were predominantly present in the kidney interstitium, particularly in the peri-glomerular area. The numbers of CD11C⁺DCs, BDCA2⁺DCs and CD209⁺DCs increased in the patients with CrGN and varied among different types of CrGN. Though significant correlation between DC subsets and the percentage of crescents had not been identified, a notable increase in the number of CD11C⁺DCs were observed with the chronic development of crescents. Furthermore, patients with severe tubulointerstitial injury exhibited significantly more infiltrations of CD11C⁺DCs, BDCA2⁺DCs and CD209⁺DCs. Moreover, the numbers of CD11C⁺DCs and BDCA2⁺DCs were found to correlate with the level of serum C3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with CrGN showed increased kidney infiltration of DC subsets, primarily localized in the renal interstitium and peri-glomerular region. The correlation between DC subsets and fibrosis of crescent and severe tubulointerstitial injury implied a potential involvement of DCs in the development of CrGN.</p>","PeriodicalId":14454,"journal":{"name":"International Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"263-273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The modified 5-item frailty index as a predictor of perioperative risk in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy.","authors":"Kays Chaker, Yassine Ouanes, Mahdi Marrak, Nader Gharbia, Moez Rahoui, Boutheina Mosbahi, Mokhtar Bibi, Wassim Ben Chedly, Yassine Nouira","doi":"10.1007/s11255-024-04178-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11255-024-04178-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The modified 5-item frailty index is a relatively new tool to assess the post-operative complication risks. In urology, there is limited literature on the impact of frailty on percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) outcomes. We aimed to compare the predictive value of the modified 5-item frailty index (mFI-5) to identify high risk patients prior to PCNL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A database of patients undergoing PCNL, between 2015 and 2022, was analyzed. Patient frailty was assessed using the mFI-5 index. The mFI-5 index was calculated based on the presence of the five co-morbidities: congestive heart failure within 30 days prior to surgery, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, partially dependent or totally dependent functional health status at time of surgery, and hypertension requiring medication. Patients were grouped as not frail (mFI-5 = 0), intermediate (mFI-5 = 1), and severely frail (mFI-5 ≥ 2). Primary outcomes were 30-day postoperative complications. Secondary outcomes were hospitalization: total hospital length of stay, reoperation, and unplanned readmission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From a total of 320 PCNL patients included for analysis, 54.06% (n = 173) were not frail, 17.81% (n = 57) were intermediate, and 28.12% (n = 90) were severely frail. Frail patients were likely to be older (p = 0.002) and have a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score (p = 0.001), chronic kidney disease (p < 0.001). Patients of intermediate or severe frailty were more likely to exhibit postoperative sepsis (p = 0.042), significant blood loss (p = 0.036) and require intensive care units admissions (p = 0.0015). Frail patients had a longer hospital length of stay (p < 0.001) and tended to require reoperation (p = 0.001), and unplanned readmission (p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Frailty assessment appears useful in stratifying those at risk of extended hospitalization, septic and hemorrhagic complications, readmission, or reoperation after PCNL. Preoperative assessment of frailty phenotype may give insight into treatment decisions and assist surgeons in counselling patients on expected course and hospital stay following PCNL.</p>","PeriodicalId":14454,"journal":{"name":"International Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"93-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimum combined MET according to tolerability with efficacy, Silodosin Tadalafil versus Silodosin Vardenafil for distal ureteric stone: a prospective, double blinded, randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Tamer Diab, Kareem Noah, Mahmoud Farag, Hussein Shaher","doi":"10.1007/s11255-024-04147-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11255-024-04147-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the optimum combination therapy of Silodosin-Tadalafil versus Silodosin-Vardenafil in terms of both tolerability and efficacy for the management of distal ureteric stones.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, double blinded, randomized clinical trial included 140 patients with distal ureteric stones, randomized into two groups: Group I (n = 67) received Silodosin 8 mg once daily combined with Tadalafil 5 mg once daily, and Group II (n = 68) received Silodosin 8 mg once daily combined with Vardenafil 10 mg once daily. The primary outcome was the tolerability of the combination therapies, assessed through the incidence of adverse events. Secondary outcomes included stone expulsion rate, expulsion time, and the need for analgesics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both combination therapies demonstrated similar efficacy, with no significant differences in stone expulsion rate (70.1% vs. 67.6%, P = 0.754), expulsion time (19 ± 3 days for both groups, P = 0.793), and analgesic requirements (P > 0.05). However, the Silodosin-Tadalafil combination showed a significantly lower occurrence of adverse events, with notable differences in headache (23.9% vs. 57.4%, P < 0.001), dizziness (32.8% vs. 60.3%, P = 0.001), and gastrointestinal upset (9% vs. 66.2%, P < 0.001), and other adverse effects. The overall occurrence of any adverse event was significantly lower in the Silodosin-Tadalafil group (88.1% vs. 98.5%, P = 0.017).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both Silodosin-Tadalafil and Silodosin-Vardenafil therapies are effective in managing distal ureteric stones. However, the Silodosin-Tadalafil combination is associated with a significantly lower incidence of adverse events, making it a more tolerable option for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14454,"journal":{"name":"International Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141893344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of low to moderate potency topical corticosteroids for phimosis resolution in children: results of a network meta-analysis.","authors":"Suresh Shanmugham, E Lyn Lee, Suresh Kumar, Mohammed Zuber, Nabeela Noreen, Frederick Charles Smales, Siew Mooi Ching, Sajesh K Veettil","doi":"10.1007/s11255-024-04184-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11255-024-04184-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The use of topical corticosteroids (TCSs) has become an efficient, less-invasive treatment for phimosis. Whether any significant difference in efficacy exists between TCSs based on their potency is unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic databases were searched up to March 2024 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the use of any type or concentration of TCSs with placebo or no treatment in boys with any degree of physician diagnosed phimosis. A random-effects network meta-analysis (NMA) using a consistency model within a frequentist approach was employed. The primary outcome was partial or complete resolution of phimosis reported as a pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI. Relative ranking was assessed with surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probabilities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen RCTs, containing 2057 participants were identified. NMA suggested that, compared with control, the high (RR 3.19 (95% CI 1.42 to 7.16), moderate (RR 2.68 (95% CI 1.87 to 3.83) and low (RR 3.05 (95% CI 1.63 to 5.71) potency TCSs statistically significantly increased complete or partial clinical resolution of phimosis. The SUCRA plot revealed that high potency (SUCRA = 0.76) was ranked first followed by low and moderate TCSs. When we assessed comparative efficacy among TCSs based on potency, none of the classes were superior to others. The certainty of the evidence for an effect of moderate potent TCSs was that of moderate GRADE quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Moderate to low potency TCSs are of comparable therapeutic effect in the treatment of phimosis to that of highly potent formulations. More high-quality RCTs are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":14454,"journal":{"name":"International Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of daily supplementation of fertitonex on different semen parameters in idiopathic male infertility: a randomized double blind placebo controlled cross over study.","authors":"Abdelrahman Elnashar, Mohamed Abd El Fattah Farag, Sameh Fayek GamalEl Din, Mohamed Ahmed AbdElSalam, Amgad Elseginy, Ahmed Osman Sayed Mohamed, Mohamed Wael Ragab","doi":"10.1007/s11255-024-04187-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11255-024-04187-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study aimed to evaluate the effect of fertitonex containing L-carnitine L-tartrate together with other micronutrients on different semen parameters in idiopathic male infertility as well as male reproductive hormones.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>100 randomized infertile patients were recruited from July 2023 to February 2024. They were randomized into two groups. Group (A) received fertitonex twice daily for the first 3 months. Group (B) received placebo twice daily for the first 3 months. Crossover was done after 1 month wash-out period for additional 3 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group (A) who started fertitonex first showed significant improvement in sperms concentration and motility and progressive motility as well as significant reduction in abnormal forms after 3 months from beginning the study (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Interestingly, these improvements continued for additional 3 months after placebo intake (p < 0.001, p 0.005, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Group (B) who started placebo first showed significant improvement in sperms concentration and motility and progressive motility as well as significant reduction in abnormal forms after 6 months from beginning the study (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). LH level was significantly higher among group (A) compared to group (B) at baseline and 3 months and 6 months (p value 0.02, 0.032. 0.024, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We finally concluded that fertitonex is an effective, tolerable and safe drug that can be used for treating idiopathic male infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":14454,"journal":{"name":"International Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"135-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}