International Wound Journal最新文献

{"title":"Validation of a You Only Look Once–LabelMe Hybrid AI Model for Automated Assessment of Pressure Injury Size and Pocket","authors":"Kento Ikuta,&nbsp;Kohei Fukuoka,&nbsp;Makoto Nakagaki,&nbsp;Makoto Ohga,&nbsp;Yoshiko Suyama,&nbsp;Haruka Kanayama,&nbsp;Natsuko Fujii,&nbsp;Mamoru Konishi,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Nishikawa,&nbsp;Shunjiro Yagi","doi":"10.1111/iwj.71012","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.71012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantitative assessment of the pressure injury size (S) and pocket (P, undermining) is essential for evaluating wound healing. Conventional LabelMe annotations often lead to oversegmentation, whereas object detection with You Only Look Once (YOLO) enables accurate wound localization. Here, we developed a hybrid AI model that combines LabelMe segmentation with YOLO gating. This single-centre retrospective study compared two models: LabelMe-Seeded Auto-Recognition (LSAR) and YOLO-gated LSAR (YGL). Model performance was evaluated by concordance rate and weighted Cohen's <i>κ</i> for DESIGN-R staging and by mean absolute error (MAE) and median (interquartile range) for area error. Overall, 1017 wound images (training: 979; testing: 38) were analysed. For S, the YGL model achieved higher concordance (85.7%, <i>κ</i> = 0.969) and smaller area errors than did the LSAR. For P, the YGL model demonstrated higher concordance and smaller area errors than did the LSAR model. The YOLO–LabelMe hybrid model improved the stage concordance and size accuracy compared with LabelMe alone. Despite the residual outliers in P assessment, this approach represents a promising step towards automated, clinically adaptable wound measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13439211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148673893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safe Use of Adrenaline in Cryosurgery for Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma Evaluated With Infrared Thermography","authors":"Anna H. C. Wiktorin,&nbsp;Bohman Elin,&nbsp;Johanna V. Berggren,&nbsp;John Albinsson,&nbsp;Sheikh Rafi,&nbsp;Malmsjö Malin","doi":"10.1111/iwj.71005","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.71005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The efficacy of cryosurgery for skin cancers is believed to depend on thaw time, which may be influenced by the presence of adrenaline in local anaesthetics due to its vasoconstrictive effects. This is the first study to perform detailed, non-invasive temperature measurements using infrared (IR) thermography during cryosurgery for basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), evaluating the impact of adrenaline on thaw time. A total of 15 patients with eyelid BCCs underwent cryosurgery with local anaesthetics both with and without adrenaline. Thawing was continuously monitored using a high-resolution IR camera and compared with the surgeon's visual assessment. No significant difference in thaw time was observed between anaesthetics with and without adrenaline. Thermographic mapping revealed a triphasic thawing curve. The surgeon's visual assessment of thawing corresponded well with the point at which tissue temperatures rose above 0°C, likely indicating the onset of reperfusion, thus providing a clinical margin beyond the actual phase transition. This is the first study to use IR thermography to monitor cryosurgery of BCCs, demonstrating that adrenaline in local anaesthetics does not affect thaw time. The findings suggest that deeper tissue perfusion during BCC treatment may counteract superficial vasoconstriction, supporting the effective use of cryosurgery regardless of adrenaline use.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13429934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to 'Mechanisms and Research Progress of Leech in Diabetic Ulcer Fibrosis'.","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/iwj.71024","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.71024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 8","pages":"e71024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13504448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148812841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming Inpatient Venous Leg Ulcer Management Through Early Specialist Tissue Viability Intervention","authors":"Fania Pagnamenta,&nbsp;Rebecca Harris,&nbsp;Heather Agar,&nbsp;Catherine Burn","doi":"10.1111/iwj.71006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.71006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inpatient care for venous leg ulcers is often inconsistent, with delays in vascular assessment and compression therapy contributing to prolonged healing and fragmented treatment. This evaluation examined a front-door Tissue Viability Nurse-led service providing specialist assessment at hospital admission. A descriptive service improvement evaluation was conducted. From 2022, patients in the Assessment Ward admitted with leg wounds received Tissue Viability assessment within one working day, including Doppler-based vascular evaluation, wound bed preparation, peri-wound skin optimisation and early initiation of compression therapy. Compression bandaging became a core clinical skill for registered nurses, supported by a rationalised product formulary. This observational evaluation and qualitative review suggested that early specialist involvement supported the timely initiation of compression therapy, reduced variation in inpatient wound care and minimised duplicate referrals through clear Tissue Viability-led care plans. Staff confidence in applying compression was perceived to improve, collaboration with vascular, dermatology and community services strengthened and patients informally reported clearer information and greater continuity of care, supporting a timelier approach to care delivery. Positioning Tissue Viability expertise at the Assessment Ward appeared to support improvements in the consistency and safety of care processes in leg ulcer management. This front-door specialist model, rarely described in acute care literature, enhanced timeliness and coordination and provides a scalable approach to addressing international gaps in acute wound care pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/iwj.71006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Swedish Wound-QOL-14: A Shortened Version of the Original 17-Item Wound-Specific Quality of Life Instrument","authors":"Ami Fagerdahl","doi":"10.1111/iwj.71003","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.71003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is increasingly recognized as a key outcome in the management of patients with hard-to-heal wounds. To assess this outcome accurately, valid wound-specific patient-reported outcome measures are required. The Wound-QoL was originally developed as a 17-item questionnaire, and a revised 14-item version, consisting of 14 of the original 17 items, was later introduced to improve clarity and reduce respondent burden. Because changes in item composition may affect psychometric properties, the revised version requires separate evaluation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Swedish Wound-QoL-14 using data from the Swedish validation study of the Wound-QoL-17. This secondary analysis included data from 88 patients with hard-to-heal wounds recruited from an outpatient wound clinic. Responses from the original instrument were recalculated to reflect the Wound-QoL-14 structure. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, test–retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients, criterion validity by comparison with EQ-5D-3L, responsiveness using standardized response mean, and ceiling and floor effects were examined. The Wound-QoL-14 demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Criterion validity showed moderate correlations with EQ-5D-3L, responsiveness was moderate for Body and Psyche and smaller for Everyday Life and the global score, and no ceiling or floor effects were observed. The Swedish Wound-QoL-14 is a reliable, valid, and practical instrument for assessing HRQoL in patients with hard-to-heal wounds in clinical practice and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/iwj.71003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition as an Overlooked Yet Critical Dimension in Outpatient Wound Care Practice: A Multicentre Qualitative Study","authors":"Pia Søe Jensen,&nbsp;Ulla Riis Madsen,&nbsp;Mette Holst,&nbsp;Ingrid Poulsen,&nbsp;Dorthe Gaby Bove","doi":"10.1111/iwj.70997","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.70997","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite strong evidence that nutrition is critical for wound healing, its integration into outpatient practice remains inconsistent. This study aimed to explore how nutrition is perceived, communicated, and experienced in outpatient wound care—encompassing healthcare professionals' clinical practice and professional reasoning, and patients' lived experiences. This multicentre qualitative study using Interpretive Description generated data through 156 h of field observations, five focus groups with nurses (<i>n</i> = 19), and interviews with patients with foot ulcers (<i>n</i> = 9) across six outpatient clinics in Denmark. Nutrition was acknowledged as fundamental to wound healing, yet communication remained brief, non-specific, and rarely actionable. Nurses adopted pragmatic, patient-adapted approaches shaped by unclear role responsibility, time constraints, and limited tools, resulting in opportunistic rather than systematic care. Patients had limited understanding of nutrition's role in wound healing, reflecting insufficient explanation rather than disengagement. Relational continuity and communication quality were determinants of whether nutrition became a meaningful component of care. Patients were willing to engage when advice was concrete and tailored to their everyday context. A persistent gap exists between the acknowledged importance of nutrition and its enactment in outpatient wound care, sustained by organisational, communicative, and role-related ambiguities, with implications for nursing education, interdisciplinary roles, and clinical pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13402072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148591382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromuscular Electrostimulation and Microvascular Perfusion in Chronic Lower-Limb Ulcers: A Systematic Review","authors":"Marie-Therese Targett,&nbsp;Duncan Shirreffs Bain","doi":"10.1111/iwj.71004","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.71004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Impaired microcirculation contributes to delayed healing in venous, arterial, diabetic and mixed-aetiology ulcers. Activation of the leg muscle pump by intermittent neuromuscular electrostimulation of the common peroneal nerve has been proposed to improve microvascular perfusion. This review examines current evidence for neuromuscular electrostimulation effecting changes in microvascular flux in chronic lower-limb ulcers of all aetiologies, as measured by Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging. Eligible studies were limited to human research evaluating the effects on chronic lower-limb ulcers of any aetiology. Four eligible studies (total <i>n</i> = 44) were identified. In venous ulcers, neuromuscular electrostimulation increased wound bed flux by 28.5% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and pulsatility by 126% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In arterial leg ulcers, flux increased by 60.9% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.02) and pulsatility by 161% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.02). In mixed aetiology ulcers, wound bed flux increased by 38.2% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and pulsatility by 214% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In diabetic foot ulcers, flux increased by 40.2% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and pulsatility by 406% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Across all ulcer types combined, wound-bed flux increased by 37.6% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and pulsatility by 198% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). There is compelling evidence that intermittent neuromuscular stimulation of the common peroneal nerve enhances microcirculatory perfusion in the wound bed of chronic leg and foot ulcers. These consistent physiological improvements support its potential as an adjunctive therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13402073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148591384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles, Barriers and Facilitators of Multidisciplinary Teams Supporting People With Stage 3 and 4 Pressure Injuries in Hospital and Home Settings: A Scoping Review","authors":"Daisy Kelly,&nbsp;Lucinda Bankowski,&nbsp;Suraj Chaudhari,&nbsp;James Pennington,&nbsp;Luke Wakely,&nbsp;Lucy Kocanda,&nbsp;Michelle L. Kersten","doi":"10.1111/iwj.70993","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.70993","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This scoping review examined the literature on the roles of healthcare professionals involved in multidisciplinary team (MDT) management of pressure injuries (PIs), as well as the barriers and facilitators influencing team-based care. Pressure injuries represent a significant global disease burden with physical and psychological impacts on individuals, requiring coordinated management from multiple disciplines. Understanding MDT composition, roles, and care delivery is essential to optimise patient outcomes and team performance across the care continuum. Eligible English-language papers on multidisciplinary PI care in hospital and community settings were identified through searching CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE, and Scopus. After duplicates were removed, the remaining articles were independently screened by two reviewers, with discrepancies resolved by consensus. Data from 41 eligible papers were extracted and analysed thematically. MDT roles spanned wound care, rehabilitation, education, nutritional support, and care coordination, with substantial interdisciplinary overlap. Key facilitators included dedicated leadership, regular meetings, shared documentation, and ongoing training, while barriers encompassed unclear role definitions, inconsistent guidelines, poor hospital-to-community integration, and patient complexity. Critical gaps remained in psychosocial support, telehealth, and care for diverse populations. Multidisciplinary teams must be adaptable, holistic, and guided by patient experiences to optimise both healing and long-term prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13395969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148578467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Cultural Validation of POSAS 3.0: A Call for Methodologically Appropriate Approaches","authors":"Stefano Vercelli,&nbsp;Elisabetta Bravini,&nbsp;Francesco Negrini,&nbsp;Giorgio Ferriero","doi":"10.1111/iwj.71000","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.71000","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We read with great interest the recent publication by Hou et al. [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] reporting the translation, validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale version 3.0 (POSAS 3.0) into Malay language. Cross-cultural adaptation of validated scar assessment tools is a crucial endeavour, and we congratulate the authors for their effort to make this instrument accessible to Malay-speaking populations. However, we wish to raise an important methodological concern that, in our view, substantially affects the interpretation of the psychometric findings reported in that study—and, more broadly, risks establishing a misleading methodological precedent for future POSAS 3.0 cross-cultural validation studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The fundamental issue lies in the nature of the measurement model underlying the POSAS. As our research group has previously argued [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;] and as the POSAS developers themselves have confirmed [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;], the POSAS is based on a formative—not a reflective—measurement model. This distinction is not merely a theoretical nuance; it has profound implications for the selection of appropriate psychometric methods.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a reflective model, all items are considered manifestations of a single underlying latent construct: they are expected to be highly correlated and mutually interchangeable, and removing one item should not substantially alter the construct being measured. In a formative model, by contrast, the items collectively define and constitute the construct—they are its ‘causes’ rather than its ‘effects’. Items need not be correlated, are not interchangeable and the omission of any one item changes the meaning of the construct. Scar quality, as captured by the POSAS, is precisely such a construct: it is defined by its composite of clinically distinct dimensions (e.g., pigmentation, vascularity, hardness, itch and pain), which together form the concept of scar quality rather than each independently reflecting it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hou et al. [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] employed an entirely classical test theory (CTT) approach to validate the Malay POSAS 3.0, including Cronbach's alpha as a measure of internal consistency, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to assess construct validity. While these are well-established and widely accepted techniques in psychometric validation, their application to formative measurement models is considered methodologically inappropriate and can yield misleading results [&lt;span&gt;4, 5&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, Cronbach's alpha quantifies inter-item correlations as a proxy for internal consistency—a property that is only theoretically meaningful when items are reflective indicators of a single underlying construct. In a formative model, low inter-item correlations are expected and entirely acceptable, because items are conceptually independent dimensions. Reporting a Cronbach's alpha of 0.75 for the Observer Scale part of the POSAS and 0.89 for the Patient Scale, and inter","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148578464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Medical Device-Related Pressure Injury Prevention Among Nursing Students Undertaking Clinical Placements: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Basma Basha,&nbsp;Maysa` Kassabry,&nbsp;Fadia Reshia,&nbsp;Asmaa Elnosary,&nbsp;Yara Salameh,&nbsp;Najwa Subuh","doi":"10.1111/iwj.70996","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.70996","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Medical device-related pressure injuries (MDRPIs) are localised skin and/or tissue injuries caused by sustained pressure from diagnostic or therapeutic devices and often mirror the device shape. Although largely preventable, MDRPIs require consistent assessment, documentation and timely preventive care during device use. This cross-sectional study assessed knowledge and attitudes towards MDRPI prevention and management among second-, third- and fourth-year nursing students undertaking clinical placements and examined associations with selected sociodemographic and training-related variables. A survey was conducted at Arab American University in the West Bank during April–May 2025. Data were collected using a 16-item MDRPI knowledge test (score range 0–16) and an 11-item attitude scale (score range 11–55), for which all negatively worded items were reverse-coded before total scores were calculated so that higher scores indicated more positive attitudes. A total of 313 nursing students undertaking clinical placements were included in the analysis. Knowledge was high (mean = 13.32, SD = 2.51), with 76.36% classified as having good knowledge. Attitudes were less favourable (mean = 28.30, SD = 11.79); 43.45% were classified descriptively as having negative attitudes and 42.17% as neutral. Knowledge and attitude scores were weakly positively correlated (<i>r</i> = 0.24, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Previous MDRPI-related training was associated with higher knowledge (14.65 ± 1.09 vs. 11.26 ± 2.69, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), whereas attitude scores did not differ significantly by gender, academic year or previous training. These findings support guideline-based, simulation- and case-supported educational strategies that address knowledge, motivation, professional accountability and documentation practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}