International Journal of Toxicology最新文献_第2页

Safety Assessment of Carica papaya (Papaya)-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics. 化妆品中木瓜（番木瓜）衍生成分的安全性评价。

IF 1 4区医学

International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1177/10915818251358218

Priya Ferguson, Alice Akinsulie, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, David E Cohen, Curtis D Klaassen, Daniel C Liebler, James G Marks, Lisa A Peterson, Ronald C Shank, Thomas J Slaga, Paul W Snyder, Monice M Fiume, Bart Heldreth

{"title":"Safety Assessment of Carica papaya (Papaya)-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics.","authors":"Priya Ferguson, Alice Akinsulie, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, David E Cohen, Curtis D Klaassen, Daniel C Liebler, James G Marks, Lisa A Peterson, Ronald C Shank, Thomas J Slaga, Paul W Snyder, Monice M Fiume, Bart Heldreth","doi":"10.1177/10915818251358218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818251358218","url":null,"abstract":"The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 5 Carica papaya (papaya)-derived ingredients as used in cosmetic formulations. These ingredients are mostly reported to function in cosmetics as skin-conditioning agents. Industry should continue to use good manufacturing practices to limit impurities that could be present in these botanical ingredients. The Panel considered all the information, and concluded that Carica Papaya (Papaya) Fruit, Carica Papaya (Papaya) Fruit Extract, Carica Papaya (Papaya) Fruit Juice, and Carica Papaya (Papaya) Fruit Water are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment, and that the available data are insufficient to make a determination of safety for Carica Papaya (Papaya) Leaf Extract under the intended conditions of use in cosmetic formulations.","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":"44 3_suppl","pages":"36S-56S"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145033401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Safety Assessment of Diacetone Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics. 化妆品用二丙酮醇的安全性评价。

IF 1 4区医学

International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1177/10915818251358212

Priya Ferguson, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, David E Cohen, Curtis D Klaassen, Daniel C Liebler, James G Marks, Lisa A Peterson, Ronald C Shank, Thomas J Slaga, Paul W Snyder, Monice M Fiume, Bart Heldreth

引用次数: 0

Incidence of Spontaneous and Urethane-Induced Tumors in a 26-Week Carcinogenicity Study in Tg.rasH2 Mice Sourced From CLEA, Japan. 在一项为期26周的Tg致癌性研究中，自发性和聚氨酯诱导肿瘤的发生率。rasH2小鼠来自日本CLEA。

IF 1 4区医学

International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1177/10915818251380554

Madhav Paranjpe, Amod Kale, Narendra Deshmukh, Chhaya Magar, Prashant Nalge, Dhrupal Patel

{"title":"Incidence of Spontaneous and Urethane-Induced Tumors in a 26-Week Carcinogenicity Study in Tg.rasH2 Mice Sourced From CLEA, Japan.","authors":"Madhav Paranjpe, Amod Kale, Narendra Deshmukh, Chhaya Magar, Prashant Nalge, Dhrupal Patel","doi":"10.1177/10915818251380554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818251380554","url":null,"abstract":"The Tg.rasH2 mouse is a validated bioassay system for evaluation of carcinogenic potential, and it is confirmed to be sensitive to both genotoxic and nongenotoxic carcinogens. This is also one of the models specified in ICH S1B Guidance, enabling 6-month carcinogenicity studies as an alternative to traditional 2-year bioassays. We conducted a 26-week carcinogenicity study at our test facility on Tg.rasH2 mice sourced from CLEA Japan Inc., in a process to generate historical control database. Although historical control data have been published for these mice sourced from Taconic Biosciences Inc., USA, there is a dearth of published literature citing spontaneous incidence of neoplastic findings in Tg.rasH2 mice sourced from CLEA Japan. We have therefore presented the spontaneous tumor incidence in our study and compared it with the previously published tumor incidence for Tg.rasH2 mice sourced from Taconic, USA. The comparison reveals a similarity of tumor incidence between the mice from these two sources.","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"10915818251380554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Incidence of Neoplasms and Selected Non-Neoplastic Findings in Control and Positive Control Groups in CByB6F1-Tg(HRAS)2Jic Hemizygous (rasH2^TM) Mouse Carcinogenicity Studies. CByB6F1-Tg(HRAS)2Jic半合子（rasH2TM）小鼠致癌性研究中对照组和阳性对照组肿瘤发生率和部分非肿瘤发现

IF 1 4区医学

International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1177/10915818251382087

Mark A Morse, Kimberly L Bonnette, Timothy W Carlson, Bridget S Lewis

{"title":"Incidence of Neoplasms and Selected Non-Neoplastic Findings in Control and Positive Control Groups in CByB6F1-Tg(HRAS)2Jic Hemizygous (rasH2TM) Mouse Carcinogenicity Studies.","authors":"Mark A Morse, Kimberly L Bonnette, Timothy W Carlson, Bridget S Lewis","doi":"10.1177/10915818251382087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818251382087","url":null,"abstract":"The rasH2TM mouse model has become the primary alternative to a 2-year mouse carcinogenicity study in safety testing of human pharmaceuticals. In this publication, we present the neoplastic incidence for 2291 control males, 2191 control females, 575 MNU-treated males, 559 MNU-treated females, and 210 urethane-treated males and females in rasH2TM carcinogenicity studies conducted from 2012 to 2024 as well as survival, body weights, and selected non-neoplastic microscopic findings for control and positive control mice. Inclusion of a positive control group is recommended to ensure regulatory acceptance. Survival of controls at the end of 26 weeks was approximately 96% with similar percentages of survivors in the 13-week urethane-treated positive controls in contrast to a survival percentage of approximately 17% in MNU-treated positive controls. Malignant neoplasms accounted for most early deaths in control and positive control mice. Major neoplasms in control mice included Harderian gland adenomas, bronchioloalveolar adenomas and carcinomas, and splenic hemangiosarcomas, while the predominant neoplasms in MNU-treated mice included squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas of the nonglandular stomach and malignant lymphomas. The percentage of urethane-treated mice developing bronchioloalveolar neoplasms was over 98% in both sexes. When compared to control mice, MNU-treated mice had lower mean body weights while urethane-treated mice had higher mean body weights. Major non-neoplastic findings in control mice were subcapsular cell hyperplasia (51.78% to 89.41%) and skeletal muscle myopathy (77.17% to 80.71%). Other non-neoplastic findings included retinal degeneration in MNU-treated mice (∼87% in both sexes) and bronchioloalveolar hyperplasia in urethane-treated mice (≥53% in both sexes).","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"10915818251382087"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Direct Comparison of the Impacts of Bisphenol A, Bisphenol F, and Bisphenol S in a Male Rat 28-Day Oral Exposure Study. 双酚A、双酚F和双酚S在雄性大鼠28天口服暴露研究中的直接比较

IF 1 4区医学

International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1177/10915818251378990

Guillaume Pelletier, Gen Sheng Wang, Adam Wawrzynczak, Marc Rigden, Rocio Aranda-Rodriguez, Don Caldwell

{"title":"Direct Comparison of the Impacts of Bisphenol A, Bisphenol F, and Bisphenol S in a Male Rat 28-Day Oral Exposure Study.","authors":"Guillaume Pelletier, Gen Sheng Wang, Adam Wawrzynczak, Marc Rigden, Rocio Aranda-Rodriguez, Don Caldwell","doi":"10.1177/10915818251378990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818251378990","url":null,"abstract":"Although Bisphenol A (BPA) is still used in consumer products, concerns about its toxicity led to the adoption of structurally related replacement products such as Bisphenol F (BPF) and Bisphenol S (BPS). Unfortunately, comparing the biological responses to BPA and BPA substitutes in vivo can be challenging, as the available information is often derived from different studies using various animal strains and experimental protocols. To address this issue, we directly compared the impacts of BPA, BPF, and BPS in the same in vivo exposure study. Briefly, 8-week-old male Fischer rats were exposed to BPA, BPF, or BPS (at five different doses) and to 17α-ethinylestradiol (positive control for estrogenicity) by gavage for 28 consecutive days. Rat health, dietary intakes, and weight gains were monitored, 24-hour urine samples were collected, and blood and tissues were harvested at the terminal necropsy. The impacts of BPA, BPF, and BPS on rat weight gains, organ weights and histology, liver enzymatic activities, hematology, clinical chemistry, and serum hormone levels were relatively modest and mostly limited to the highest doses administered. However, bisphenol cross-contamination observed in urine samples from the vehicle control group may have interfered with the evaluation of their effects at lower doses. Although BPA, BPF, and BPS exposures all shared similarities with the 17α-ethinylestradiol positive control group, their impacts on serum hormone levels and endocrine-responsive tissues also presented noticeable differences. This suggests that BPA, BPF, and BPS may interfere with endocrine functions through slightly different molecular mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"10915818251378990"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Methylglyoxal Aggregates α-Synuclein by Inhibiting SIRT1-Hif-1α in Intestinal Enteroendocrine Cells. 甲基乙二醛通过抑制小肠内分泌细胞SIRT1-Hif-1α聚集α-突触核蛋白。

IF 1 4区医学

International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1177/10915818251378724

Eugene Huh, Jin Myeong Kim, Seong Hye Kim, Yujin Choi, Myoung Gyu Park, Myung Sook Oh

{"title":"Methylglyoxal Aggregates α-Synuclein by Inhibiting SIRT1-Hif-1α in Intestinal Enteroendocrine Cells.","authors":"Eugene Huh, Jin Myeong Kim, Seong Hye Kim, Yujin Choi, Myoung Gyu Park, Myung Sook Oh","doi":"10.1177/10915818251378724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818251378724","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein, which can originate in the gut and propagate to the brain. Recent evidence suggests a correlation between metabolic disorders, particularly diabetes, and PD pathogenesis through the gut-brain axis. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a glucose-derived metabolite produced by gut bacteria such as Proteus mirabilis, is implicated in protein misfolding and glycation. This study investigated whether MGO induced α-synuclein aggregation in intestinal enteroendocrine cells and explored the underlying mechanisms. Mouse enteroendocrine STC-1 cells were treated with MGO (0.01-1 mM) for 36 h, and changes in α-synuclein aggregation, neuronal markers, and relevant signaling pathways were assessed. MGO at 1 mM significantly reduced cell viability and neuronal marker expression, and concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mM increased α-synuclein aggregation. MGO also inhibited SIRT1 expression, leading to increased Hif-1α transcription and reduced expression of autophagy-related proteins Beclin1 and LC3B. These changes were accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by decreased Bcl2, increased cytochrome C expression, and reduced levels of the antioxidant factor HO-1. Our findings provide the first evidence that MGO directly induces α-synuclein aggregation in enteroendocrine cells via the SIRT1-Hif-1α-autophagy pathway dysregulation, establishing a potential mechanistic link between gut microbiome-derived metabolites and PD pathogenesis. These results suggest that intestinal glycation may be a critical target for preventing α-synuclein pathology originating in the gut.","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"10915818251378724"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145053665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toxicity of Novel and Emerging Nicotine and Tobacco Products: A Review. 新型和新兴尼古丁和烟草制品的毒性：综述。

IF 1 4区医学

International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1177/10915818251377410

Xianglong Wang, Yushan Tian, Xiao Li, Jing Zhang, Yi Liu, Huan Chen, Hongwei Hou, Qingyuan Hu

引用次数: 0

Validating and Using Cardiac NAMs for Toxicity Screening and Drug Development. 心脏名称在毒性筛选和药物开发中的验证和使用。

IF 1 4区医学

International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1177/10915818251375348

Jennifer Beck Pierson, Anthony Bahinski, Brian Berridge, Daniel Bramham, Todd Bourcier, Khuram W Chaudhary, Sandy Eldridge, Yasunari Kanda, William B Mattes, Jessica Oliphant, Li Pang, Alex Savtchenko, Jeffery Siegel, Natalie Simpson, Chengyi Tu, Ronald Wange, Joseph C Wu, Xi Yang

{"title":"Validating and Using Cardiac NAMs for Toxicity Screening and Drug Development.","authors":"Jennifer Beck Pierson, Anthony Bahinski, Brian Berridge, Daniel Bramham, Todd Bourcier, Khuram W Chaudhary, Sandy Eldridge, Yasunari Kanda, William B Mattes, Jessica Oliphant, Li Pang, Alex Savtchenko, Jeffery Siegel, Natalie Simpson, Chengyi Tu, Ronald Wange, Joseph C Wu, Xi Yang","doi":"10.1177/10915818251375348","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10915818251375348","url":null,"abstract":"Technological advances and the desire to reduce dependence on animal models have brought human-relevant models to the forefront of drug development. This paradigm shift is leveraging the advances in in vitro systems and new approach methodologies (NAMs), which was the focus of a workshop convened by the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) in May 2024. Highlights included discussions on predicting cardiac failure modes and the utility of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), microfluidic systems like BioFlux™, and engineered heart tissues in enhancing early-stage drug safety assessments. Regulatory perspectives underscored the challenges and potential for integrating NAMs into submissions, advocating for standardized reporting and validation protocols. Case studies where NAMs offered superior predictivity compared to traditional methods are emerging and offer insights into a roadmap forward. However, there remains a need for collaboration among academia, industry, and regulatory bodies to ensure robust validation and adoption. These efforts aim to refine cardiovascular drug discovery, reduce attrition rates, and accelerate the transition toward more ethical and efficient preclinical testing paradigms.","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"10915818251375348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12435919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145029755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrin αvβ3 Antagonist Ameliorates Atherosclerotic Progression by Reducing Platelet Hyperactivation. 整合素αvβ3拮抗剂通过降低血小板过度活化改善动脉粥样硬化进展。

IF 1 4区医学

International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1177/10915818251375887

Mengyun Xu, Xurui Zhang, Feng Qi, Jihong Zou, Cheng Xiao, Guangsheng Cai, Xiaojuan Pan

{"title":"Integrin αvβ3 Antagonist Ameliorates Atherosclerotic Progression by Reducing Platelet Hyperactivation.","authors":"Mengyun Xu, Xurui Zhang, Feng Qi, Jihong Zou, Cheng Xiao, Guangsheng Cai, Xiaojuan Pan","doi":"10.1177/10915818251375887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818251375887","url":null,"abstract":"Platelet hyperactivation represents a significant risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the expression and functional roles of integrin αvβ3 and (Multimerin 1) MMRN1 in platelets from atherosclerotic conditions and evaluated the therapeutic potential of integrin αvβ3 antagonism in atherosclerotic progression. We examined the expression patterns of αvβ3 and MMRN1 in platelets from healthy controls, patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), and patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using qRT-PCR and ELISA techniques. The correlation between αvβ3 and MMRN1 expression levels with platelet counts and aggregation was analyzed. Additionally, we established a mouse model of atherosclerosis to investigate the effects of an αvβ3 antagonist (SB273005) and MMRN1 knockdown on platelet activation and atherosclerosis progression. Our findings revealed positive correlations between MMRN1 and αvβ3 expression levels with both platelet counts and aggregation. Notably, elevated platelet counts and aggregation observed in CHD and AMI patient samples were effectively reduced by the αvβ3 antagonist treatment. Furthermore, both αvβ3 antagonist treatment and MMRN1 knockdown significantly ameliorated disease severity in the mouse atherosclerosis model. These results demonstrate that upregulation of αvβ3 integrin and MMRN1 contributes to platelet hyperactivation in atherosclerotic vascular diseases, and targeting the αvβ3/MMRN1 axis may serve as a promising intervention strategy for the clinical management of atherosclerotic vascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"10915818251375887"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Plasma Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Levels in a Healthy Adult Population. 健康成人血浆聚乙二醇（PEG）水平的评价

IF 1 4区医学

International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-09-07 DOI: 10.1177/10915818251371966

Klaus Kubesch, Christian Lubich, Daniel Mascher, Srilatha Tangada, Peter L Turecek

{"title":"Evaluation of Plasma Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Levels in a Healthy Adult Population.","authors":"Klaus Kubesch, Christian Lubich, Daniel Mascher, Srilatha Tangada, Peter L Turecek","doi":"10.1177/10915818251371966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818251371966","url":null,"abstract":"Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are amphiphilic polymers that are used extensively in consumer products and PEGylated biotherapeutics. Although PEGs are considered biologically inert with a low toxicity, anti-PEG antibodies have been detected in patients receiving treatment with PEGylated biotherapeutics as well as in healthy individuals. Despite continual exposure in daily life, the prevalence of PEGs within the general population remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate a healthy population for the presence of PEGs. A validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) platform was used to analyze 200 plasma samples from healthy adults for the presence of PEGs. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was also used to analyze the samples for the presence of four PEG analytes: PEG3350; PEG4000; PEG10000; and PEG2ru20K COOH, a 20 kDa PEG used to modify therapeutic proteins. The detection limit for PEG3350 calculated by extrapolation with linear regression was assumed to be 3.60 ng/mL. PEG levels above the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) (21.6 ng/mL) were detected in 41 plasma samples, range 22.1-43.9 ng/mL, using the ELISA platform. None of the samples were found to contain detectable levels of PEG4000, PEG10000, or PEG2ru20K COOH. Following extrapolation, PEG3350 levels above the LLOQ (3.60 ng/mL) were detected in 154 plasma samples, range 3.69-46.0 ng/mL. Using an ELISA platform and HPLC-MS/MS analysis, PEGs were detected in the plasma of 77.4% of healthy adults. The findings are suggestive that expanding worldwide exposure to PEGs may have resulted in a much higher incidence of detectable plasma burdens of PEG than was previously realized.","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"10915818251371966"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0