International Journal of Toxicology最新文献

Inclusion of Histopathology in Dose Range-Finding Nonclinical Studies for Inhaled Drug Products. 将组织病理学纳入吸入药物产品的剂量范围探索非临床研究。

IF 1.2 4区医学

International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241276439

Emily A Resseguie, Helen Palmer

{"title":"Inclusion of Histopathology in Dose Range-Finding Nonclinical Studies for Inhaled Drug Products.","authors":"Emily A Resseguie, Helen Palmer","doi":"10.1177/10915818241276439","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10915818241276439","url":null,"abstract":"Drug development is a lengthy process that promotes and protects the health and safety of future patients. Nonclinical safety studies follow essentially similar designs that fulfill regulatory requirements but are amended based on factors including the mechanism of action, class of molecule, and route of administration. Clinical observations, clinical pathology, and macroscopic pathology in dose range-finding (DRF) studies generally provide sufficient information to select doses for pivotal studies by most delivery routes. Inhaled drug candidates are recognized for producing adverse effects on the respiratory system at the microscopic level that may otherwise be unpredictable; therefore, unlike other routes of administration, inhalation DRF studies typically include histopathology of the respiratory tract. Histopathology evaluations can add several weeks to the Investigational New Drug (IND) application timeline along with additional costs but have been considered necessary to support accurate dose selection for adequate safety margins, thereby potentially avoiding additional studies and animal usage by ensuring achievement of a NOAEL in the pivotal studies. Therefore, DRF inhalation studies initiated from 2018 to 2021 at Labcorp were reviewed to determine whether inclusion of histopathology on preliminary inhalation studies was necessary for subsequent dose selection. Histopathology findings in the DRF impacted dose selection in pivotal inhalation studies for approximately 45% of rat and dog studies. This review identified histopathology findings in rat and dog that support continued inclusion of respiratory tract histopathology in DRF studies. Future investigations will evaluate potential surrogate endpoints for these findings, which could reduce nonclinical drug development timelines by several weeks.","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temperature Is a Key Factor Governing the Toxic Impact of Ultra-Violet Radiation-Emitting Nail Dryers When Used on Human Skin Cells. 温度是影响紫外线辐射指甲干燥器对人类皮肤细胞毒性影响的关键因素

IF 1.2 4区医学

International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241268617

Elijah Finn, Lucia Dussan, Scott Rosenthal, Cynthia Simbulan-Rosenthal, Dean Rosenthal, Peter Sykora

{"title":"Temperature Is a Key Factor Governing the Toxic Impact of Ultra-Violet Radiation-Emitting Nail Dryers When Used on Human Skin Cells.","authors":"Elijah Finn, Lucia Dussan, Scott Rosenthal, Cynthia Simbulan-Rosenthal, Dean Rosenthal, Peter Sykora","doi":"10.1177/10915818241268617","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10915818241268617","url":null,"abstract":"The skin is the largest organ in the body and the only one to come into contact with solar UV radiation (UVR). UVA (320-400 nm) is a significant contributor to UV-related skin damage. The UVA spectrum makes up over 95% of solar-UV energy reaching the earth's surface causing the majority of the visible signs of skin photoaging. Many consumer products also emit UVA, including nail dryers. There have been sporadic reports suggesting that these units may be contributing to skin cancer incidence. This notion was recently bolstered by a finding that nail dryer-irradiated mammalian skin cells develop a mutational signature consistent with UVA exposure. This report was surprising considering the comparatively low level of UVA to which the skin is exposed during nail treatments. In this research, we investigated how UVA-emitting devices caused cytotoxic/genotoxic impact after only low levels of UVA exposure. Our data showed that levels of UVA in the unit are highly variable and location dependent. We confirm previous reports that using prolonged exposure protocols could induce significant levels of DNA damage. It was also determined that UV-induced DNA damage only partially correlated with the level of UVA fluency. On investigation, we found that the unit had a rapid increase in internal temperature when in use. Exposing human cells to these elevated temperatures acted synergistically with UVA to magnify the cytotoxic and genotoxic impact of UV irradiation.","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Twelfth Triennial Toxicology Salary Survey. 第十二次三年期毒理学薪酬调查。

IF 1.2 4区医学

International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241284800

Shayne C Gad, Dexter Sullivan, Danika A Pitts

引用次数: 0

Safety Assessment of Ascorbyl Glucoside and Sodium Ascorbyl Glucoside as Used in Cosmetics. 化妆品中使用的抗坏血酸葡萄糖苷和抗坏血酸葡萄糖苷钠的安全性评估。

IF 1.2 4区医学

International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241297075

Wilbur Johnson, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, Curtis D Klaassen, Daniel C Liebler, James G Marks, Lisa A Peterson, Ronald C Shank, Thomas J Slaga, Paul W Snyder, Monice Fiume, Bart Heldreth

引用次数: 0

Effect of Chronic Consumption of Fluoridated Water on Sciatic Nerve Conduction Velocity in Male Wistar Rats. 长期饮用含氟水对雄性 Wistar 大鼠坐骨神经传导速度的影响

IF 1.2 4区医学

International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241297082

Fernanda Marlen Enríquez-Sánchez, Miguel Ángel López-Vázquez, María Esther Olvera-Cortés, Liliana Valdez-Jiménez, Paola Trinidad Villalobos-Gutiérrez, María Isabel Pérez-Vega

{"title":"Effect of Chronic Consumption of Fluoridated Water on Sciatic Nerve Conduction Velocity in Male Wistar Rats.","authors":"Fernanda Marlen Enríquez-Sánchez, Miguel Ángel López-Vázquez, María Esther Olvera-Cortés, Liliana Valdez-Jiménez, Paola Trinidad Villalobos-Gutiérrez, María Isabel Pérez-Vega","doi":"10.1177/10915818241297082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818241297082","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term effect of fluoridated water consumption during development on the velocity of nerve impulse conduction in the sciatic nerve of rats was assessed. Thirty male Wistar rats, 21 days old, were randomly assigned to five groups. Three groups were given fluoridated water ad libitum (as the only source) at different concentrations (10, 100, and 150 ppm), designated as groups F10, F100, and F150, respectively. The study included a control group (C) that received fluoridated water at the maximum level established by the World Health Organization (1.5 ppm of fluorides) and another group that received deionized water (DW). The animals were treated until they reached 90 days of age. Electrophysiological recordings were performed on the rats' sciatic nerves to determine nerve conduction velocity, and blood plasma was extracted for fluoride concentration analysis. The study found that the F150 group had a lower nerve impulse conduction velocity in the sciatic nerve compared to the C group (P = 0.0015). Additionally, there was a negative correlation between the concentration of fluorides in plasma and the nerve conduction velocity (r = -0.5132, P = 0.0037). These findings indicate that chronic consumption of high concentrations of fluoride leads to a decrease in nerve conduction velocity. This, in conjunction with potential alterations in the central nervous system, may explain the deficits in learning and memory tests that have been documented in numerous studies evaluating individuals exposed to fluoride consumption. These results provide valuable information for understanding the effects and action mechanisms of fluoride in exposed individuals.","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of the Hazards and Contraindications of Etomidate. 回顾依托咪酯的危害和禁忌症。

IF 1.2 4区医学

International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241297073

Gaolin Zheng, Yinyu Chen, Guangmei Wu, Tao Song, Xing Zou, Qianyun Nie, Peng Zhang

{"title":"Review of the Hazards and Contraindications of Etomidate.","authors":"Gaolin Zheng, Yinyu Chen, Guangmei Wu, Tao Song, Xing Zou, Qianyun Nie, Peng Zhang","doi":"10.1177/10915818241297073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818241297073","url":null,"abstract":"Etomidate, an ultrashort-acting non-barbiturate sedative derived from imidazole, exerts potent inhibitory effects on the central nervous system. It is commonly employed for the induction of intravenous general anaesthesia or assisted anaesthesia. Recently, etomidate has emerged as an alternative to narcotics and novel psychoactive substances, leading to an increasing trend of abuse. Chronic overdose of etomidate can result in irreversible brain damage and various mental disorders. Severe cases may manifest as mental disturbances, behavioural disorders, self-mutilation and even death. The toxicological mechanisms of etomidate remain poorly understood. Additionally, there is limited information on the clinical symptoms and histopathological changes associated with etomidate poisoning and standardized detection methods for etomidate in blood, urine and hair are lacking. Consequently, further research on toxicological pathology and the development of reliable testing methods is crucial. This study reviews the metabolism, distribution, adverse reactions, poisoning manifestations, toxicology mechanisms and testing methods of etomidate.","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Safety Assessment of Alkyl Amide MIPA Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics. 化妆品中使用的烷基酰胺 MIPA 成分的安全性评估。

IF 1.2 4区医学

International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241297089

Alice Akinsulie, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, Curtis D Klaassen, Daniel C Liebler, James G Marks, Lisa A Peterson, Ronald C Shank, Thomas J Slaga, Paul W Snyder, Monice Fiume, Bart Heldreth

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Nanoplastics on the Dopamine System of Cerebrocortical Neurons. 纳米塑料对大脑皮层神经元多巴胺系统的影响

IF 1.2 4区医学

International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241293993

Na-Hyun Kim, Young-A Lee

{"title":"The Effects of Nanoplastics on the Dopamine System of Cerebrocortical Neurons.","authors":"Na-Hyun Kim, Young-A Lee","doi":"10.1177/10915818241293993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818241293993","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoplastics (NPx) can enter living organisms, including humans, through ecosystems, inhalation, and dermal contact and can be found from the intestine to the brain. However, it is unclear whether NPx accumulates and affects the dopamine system. In this study, we investigated the effects of NPx on the dopamine system in cultured murine cerebral cortex neurons. Cultured cerebrocortical neurons were treated with 100 nm NPx at the following concentrations for 24 h: 1.896 × 105, 3.791 × 106, 7.583 × 107, 1.571 × 109, 3.033 × 1010, and 3.033 × 1011 particles/mL. Dopamine-associated proteins were analyzed using immunofluorescence staining. NPx treatment induced its accumulation in neurons in a dose-dependent manner and increased the levels of dopamine receptors D1 and D2 and their co-expression. However, NPx treatment did not affect the levels of other dopamine receptors, dopamine transporters, tyrosine hydroxylase, and microtubule-associated protein 2, or synaptophysin in neuronal structures. This study demonstrated that NPx is a potential modulator of the dopamine system via its receptors rather than its synthesis and reuptake in neurons and may be associated with dopamine-based psychiatric disorders.","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are Repeat-Dose Toxicity Studies Informative for Safety Assessment of Vaccine Candidates? A Survey of Vaccine Developers. 重复剂量毒性研究是否有助于候选疫苗的安全性评估？疫苗开发人员调查。

IF 1.2 4区医学

International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241293371

Cynthia M Rohde, Eric Destexhe, Jan Willem van der Laan, Sarah Gould, Rachel Coe, Bert Haenen

{"title":"Are Repeat-Dose Toxicity Studies Informative for Safety Assessment of Vaccine Candidates? A Survey of Vaccine Developers.","authors":"Cynthia M Rohde, Eric Destexhe, Jan Willem van der Laan, Sarah Gould, Rachel Coe, Bert Haenen","doi":"10.1177/10915818241293371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818241293371","url":null,"abstract":"A BioSafe-sponsored survey investigated how vaccine companies (n = 12) perceive the value of the repeat-dose toxicity studies for safety assessment of vaccine candidates. As all major vaccine developers were part of the survey, it was considered representative for the industry practices up to 2022. Vaccine developers indicated that they see scientific value in performing repeat-dose toxicity studies with vaccines, especially when novel components (e.g., adjuvant) or technology is being used. However, a few (3/12) also indicated that repeat-dose toxicity studies could be replaced by a pharmacology study with additional toxicity parameters. For the majority of companies (9/12), findings from the repeat-dose toxicity studies never prevented or postponed a first-in-human (FIH) trial. In the remaining 3 companies, a total of 4 occurrences of postponement or prevention of clinical development occurred and in only 2 of these cases was the finding considered related to the vaccine. A platform approach has been successfully implemented for influenza vaccines already in 2016, and an outline of the regulatory requirements for a platform approach has been recently documented in the latest infectious disease mRNA-LNP vaccine guideline, as well as in the guidance on the development and licensure of COVID-19 vaccines presented by the FDA. Vaccine developers are seeking to extend this platform approach to the development of new vaccines, building on established technologies and using well-defined manufacturing processes. This approach could support reduction of animal use (a principle of 3Rs) while still providing reassurance of the nonclinical safety of these products.","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial to Assess the Effects of Lactoferrin at Two Doses vs. Active Control on Immunological and Safety Parameters in Healthy Adults. 一项随机、双盲、对照试验，评估两种剂量的乳铁蛋白与活性对照对健康成人免疫学和安全性参数的影响。

IF 1.2 4区医学

International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241293723

Ross D Peterson, Liana L Guarneiri, Caryn G Adams, Meredith L Wilcox, Anthony J Clark, Nathan P Rudemiller, Kevin C Maki, Carrie-Anne Malinczak

{"title":"A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial to Assess the Effects of Lactoferrin at Two Doses vs. Active Control on Immunological and Safety Parameters in Healthy Adults.","authors":"Ross D Peterson, Liana L Guarneiri, Caryn G Adams, Meredith L Wilcox, Anthony J Clark, Nathan P Rudemiller, Kevin C Maki, Carrie-Anne Malinczak","doi":"10.1177/10915818241293723","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10915818241293723","url":null,"abstract":"Recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF) is of commercial interest for immune support as a food ingredient. The objective was to evaluate the immunogenicity/alloimmunization potential of Helaina rhLF (effera™) from K. phaffii over a 28-day period compared to bovine LF (bLF). Study 1 was a randomized, double-blind, parallel arm, controlled trial where 66 healthy adults were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 groups: high-dose rhLF (3.4 g/d), low-dose rhLF (0.34 g/d), or bLF (3.4 g/d). Participants completed a 28-day supplementation period with follow-up visits on Days 28, 56, and 84. Study 2 was a 12-week observational study with no intervention that enrolled 24 healthy adults. In both studies, serum was obtained for analysis of anti-LF antibody levels as the primary endpoint. In Study 1, change from baseline to Day 56 in serum anti-bLF antibodies in the bLF group (least squares geometric mean and 95% confidence interval for the post/pre ratio: 3.01; 2.08, 4.35) was greater than the changes in serum anti-hLF antibodies in the low-dose rhLF (1.07; 0.77, 1.49; P < 0.001) and high-dose rhLF (1.02; 0.62, 1.70; P < 0.001) groups. The rhLF groups had similar changes to the observational study, indicating no change in anti-hLF antibodies and no evidence of alloimmunization following ingestion. Changes in safety outcomes were similar between groups and within normal ranges. These results show that under the conditions of the protocol, no increased anti-hLF antibodies or adverse events were identified following ingestion of effera™ as a food ingredient at an intake level up to 3.4 g/d in healthy adults (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT06012669).","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142500491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0