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International Journal of Toxicology最新文献

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Identifying and Understanding Seizure Liability in Drug Development. 识别和理解药物开发中的扣押责任。
IF 1.2 4区 医学
International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241307851
Katie Sokolowski, Laura Erwin, Judy Liu, Simon Authier, Owen McMaster, Brandon Pressly, Brad Bolon, Marcus S Delatte
{"title":"Identifying and Understanding Seizure Liability in Drug Development.","authors":"Katie Sokolowski, Laura Erwin, Judy Liu, Simon Authier, Owen McMaster, Brandon Pressly, Brad Bolon, Marcus S Delatte","doi":"10.1177/10915818241307851","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10915818241307851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seizures are complex electrophysiological disturbances affecting one or more populations of brain neurons. Seizures following test article (TA) exposure pose significant challenges in drug development. This paper considers the diverse neurological manifestations, mechanisms, and functional and structural assessments needed to investigate TA-related seizure liabilities, with a particular focus on nonclinical species. Accurate discrimination of seizures from convulsions (irregular involuntary body and/or limb movements) and the nuanced presentation of different seizure types (partial vs. general) and phases (prodromal, ictal, and postictal) are essential for discerning their clinical implications. In nonclinical safety testing, the most direct evaluation method to confirm existence of seizures is electroencephalography (EEG) while clinical endpoints (e.g., functional observational batteries [FOB], comprehensive neurological examinations) and neuropathological findings (e.g., neuronal necrosis in tissue sections, raised biomarker levels in cerebrospinal fluid or serum) can indicate a seizure liability and provide additional guidance to identify the origin, frequency, and severity of seizures needed to align nonclinical effects with clinical relevance. In general, the regulatory perspective is that seizures identified in nonclinical species as well as potential risk management strategies (e.g., safety margin considerations, dosing paradigms, and clinical monitoring) translate effectively for purposes of clinical risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":"44 2","pages":"99-124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the Biological Effects of Polystyrene Nanoplastics on Spermatogenesis: Insights From Transcriptomic Analysis in Mouse Spermatocytes. 探索聚苯乙烯纳米塑料对精子发生的生物学效应：来自小鼠精母细胞转录组学分析的见解。
IF 1.2 4区 医学
International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241305086
Ying Jiang, Kexuan He, Qianyi Shen, Can Yang, Xin Huang, Junjie Fan, Miaomiao Du, Jianrong Wu, Huajuan Ruan, Jun Yang, Yeting Hong
{"title":"Exploring the Biological Effects of Polystyrene Nanoplastics on Spermatogenesis: Insights From Transcriptomic Analysis in Mouse Spermatocytes.","authors":"Ying Jiang, Kexuan He, Qianyi Shen, Can Yang, Xin Huang, Junjie Fan, Miaomiao Du, Jianrong Wu, Huajuan Ruan, Jun Yang, Yeting Hong","doi":"10.1177/10915818241305086","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10915818241305086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of polystyrene plastics in the human testis has raised concerns, yet their biological activity remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to investigate the biological effects and potential regulatory genes of polystyrene nanoplastics on spermatocyte line, GC-2spd(ts). After a 24-h exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics, the results indicated cell membrane disruption, impairment of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and induced DNA damage. Furthermore, a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis was conducted, revealing differential gene expression patterns in GC-2spd(ts) cells in response to polystyrene nanoplastics. A total of 134 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with 48 genes upregulated and 86 genes downregulated. The Gene Ontology analysis highlighted the involvement of these genes in various spermatogenesis-related biological processes, including acrosome reaction, sperm mitochondrial organization, sperm annulus, and outer acrosomal membrane. Subsequently, the quantification of gene expression through qRT-PCR identified five key genes (NSUN7, SEPTIN4, TRIM36, EQTN, and SYT8) screened from the DEGs. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the biological effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on mouse spermatocytes using comprehensive transcriptomic analysis, contributing to the establishment of a foundation for future investigations into these relevant pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"141-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Isobutane, Isopentane, Butane, and Propane. 异丁烷、异戊烷、丁烷和丙烷。
IF 1.2 4区 医学
International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241260280
Regina Tucker, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, David E Cohen, Curtis D Klaassen, Allan E Rettie, David Ross, Thomas J Slaga, Paul W Snyder, Susan Tilton, Monice Fiume, Bart Heldreth
{"title":"Isobutane, Isopentane, Butane, and Propane.","authors":"Regina Tucker, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, David E Cohen, Curtis D Klaassen, Allan E Rettie, David Ross, Thomas J Slaga, Paul W Snyder, Susan Tilton, Monice Fiume, Bart Heldreth","doi":"10.1177/10915818241260280","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10915818241260280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) first published the Final Report of the safety of Isobutane, Isopentane, Butane, and Propane in 1982. The Panel previously concluded that these ingredients are considered safe as cosmetic ingredients under the present conditions of concentration and use, as described in that safety assessment. Upon re-review in 2002, the Panel reaffirmed the original conclusion, as published in 2005. The Panel reviewed update frequency and concentration of use data again in 2023, in addition to newly available, relevant safety data. Considering this information, as well as the information provided in the original safety assessment and the prior re-review document, the Panel reaffirmed the 1982 conclusion for Isobutane, Isopentane, Butane, and Propane.</p>","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"17S-21S"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141317280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Safety Assessment of Mannitol, Sorbitol, and Xylitol as Used in Cosmetics. 化妆品中使用的甘露醇、山梨醇和木糖醇的安全性评估。
IF 1.2 4区 医学
International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241297097
Priya Cherian, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, Curtis D Klaassen, Daniel C Liebler, James G Marks, Lisa A Peterson, Ronald C Shank, Thomas J Slaga, Paul W Snyder, Monice Fiume, Bart Heldreth
{"title":"Safety Assessment of Mannitol, Sorbitol, and Xylitol as Used in Cosmetics.","authors":"Priya Cherian, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, Curtis D Klaassen, Daniel C Liebler, James G Marks, Lisa A Peterson, Ronald C Shank, Thomas J Slaga, Paul W Snyder, Monice Fiume, Bart Heldreth","doi":"10.1177/10915818241297097","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10915818241297097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of Mannitol, Sorbitol, and Xylitol as used in cosmetics. These ingredients are reported to function as humectants, skin-conditioning agents, or flavoring agents. The Panel considered the available data and concluded that these sugar alcohol ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in the safety assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"22S-43S"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Safety Assessment of Ascorbyl Glucoside and Sodium Ascorbyl Glucoside as Used in Cosmetics. 化妆品中使用的抗坏血酸葡萄糖苷和抗坏血酸葡萄糖苷钠的安全性评估。
IF 1.2 4区 医学
International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241297075
Wilbur Johnson, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, Curtis D Klaassen, Daniel C Liebler, James G Marks, Lisa A Peterson, Ronald C Shank, Thomas J Slaga, Paul W Snyder, Monice Fiume, Bart Heldreth
{"title":"Safety Assessment of Ascorbyl Glucoside and Sodium Ascorbyl Glucoside as Used in Cosmetics.","authors":"Wilbur Johnson, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, Curtis D Klaassen, Daniel C Liebler, James G Marks, Lisa A Peterson, Ronald C Shank, Thomas J Slaga, Paul W Snyder, Monice Fiume, Bart Heldreth","doi":"10.1177/10915818241297075","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10915818241297075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of Ascorbyl Glucoside and Sodium Ascorbyl Glucoside in cosmetic products. These ingredients are reported to have the following functions in cosmetics: antioxidant, and skin-conditioning agent-miscellaneous. The Panel reviewed data relevant to the safety of these ingredients in cosmetic formulations, and concluded that Ascorbyl Glucoside and Sodium Ascorbyl Glucoside are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"5S-16S"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Safety Assessment of Wheat-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics. 化妆品中使用的小麦提取成分的安全性评估。
IF 1.2 4区 医学
International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241294063
Christina L Burnett, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, David E Cohen, Curtis D Klaassen, Daniel C Liebler, James G Marks, Lisa A Peterson, Ronald C Shank, Thomas J Slaga, Paul W Snyder, Monice Fiume, Bart Heldreth
{"title":"Safety Assessment of Wheat-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics.","authors":"Christina L Burnett, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, David E Cohen, Curtis D Klaassen, Daniel C Liebler, James G Marks, Lisa A Peterson, Ronald C Shank, Thomas J Slaga, Paul W Snyder, Monice Fiume, Bart Heldreth","doi":"10.1177/10915818241294063","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10915818241294063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 27 wheat-derived ingredients. Most of these ingredients are reported to function as skin conditioning agents in cosmetic products. The Panel reviewed the available data to determine the safety of these ingredients. Industry should continue to use good manufacturing practices to limit impurities that could be present in botanical ingredients. The Panel concluded that 21 wheat-derived ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment. However, the Panel also concluded that the available data are insufficient to make a determination of safety that the remaining six wheat-derived ingredients are safe under the intended conditions of use in cosmetic formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"100S-116S"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Safety Assessment of Triphenyl Phosphate as Used in Cosmetics. 化妆品中使用的磷酸三苯酯的安全性评估。
IF 1.2 4区 医学
International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241259692
Christina L Burnett, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, Ronald A Hill, Curtis D Klaassen, Daniel C Liebler, James G Marks, Ronald C Shank, Thomas J Slaga, Paul W Snyder, Monice Fiume, Bart Heldreth
{"title":"Safety Assessment of Triphenyl Phosphate as Used in Cosmetics.","authors":"Christina L Burnett, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, Ronald A Hill, Curtis D Klaassen, Daniel C Liebler, James G Marks, Ronald C Shank, Thomas J Slaga, Paul W Snyder, Monice Fiume, Bart Heldreth","doi":"10.1177/10915818241259692","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10915818241259692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of Triphenyl Phosphate, which is reported to function as a plasticizer in manicuring products. The Panel reviewed the available data to determine the safety of this ingredient. The Panel concluded that Triphenyl Phosphate is safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"86S-99S"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141317281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Safety Assessment of Soy-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics. 化妆品中使用的大豆成分安全评估。
IF 1.2 4区 医学
International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241231249
Priya Cherian, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, Curtis D Klaassen, Daniel C Liebler, James G Marks, Lisa A Peterson, Ronald C Shank, Thomas J Slaga, Paul W Snyder, Monice Fiume, Bart Heldreth
{"title":"Safety Assessment of Soy-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics.","authors":"Priya Cherian, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, Curtis D Klaassen, Daniel C Liebler, James G Marks, Lisa A Peterson, Ronald C Shank, Thomas J Slaga, Paul W Snyder, Monice Fiume, Bart Heldreth","doi":"10.1177/10915818241231249","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10915818241231249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of 28 soy-derived ingredients as used in cosmetic products. These ingredients are reported to primarily function as antioxidants, skin protectants, skin-conditioning agents, and hair-conditioning agents. The Panel considered the available data relating to the safety of these ingredients in cosmetic formulations, and concluded that 24 of the 28 soy-derived ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment. The Panel also concluded that the available data are insufficient to make a determination that Glycine Max (Soybean) Callus Culture, Glycine Max (Soybean) Callus Culture Extract, Glycine Max (Soybean) Callus Extract, and Glycine Max (Soybean) Phytoplacenta Conditioned Media are safe under the intended conditions of use in cosmetic formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"64S-85S"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139717537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Safety Assessment of Alkyl Amide MIPA Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics. 化妆品中使用的烷基酰胺 MIPA 成分的安全性评估。
IF 1.2 4区 医学
International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241297089
Alice Akinsulie, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, Curtis D Klaassen, Daniel C Liebler, James G Marks, Lisa A Peterson, Ronald C Shank, Thomas J Slaga, Paul W Snyder, Monice Fiume, Bart Heldreth
{"title":"Safety Assessment of Alkyl Amide MIPA Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics.","authors":"Alice Akinsulie, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, Curtis D Klaassen, Daniel C Liebler, James G Marks, Lisa A Peterson, Ronald C Shank, Thomas J Slaga, Paul W Snyder, Monice Fiume, Bart Heldreth","doi":"10.1177/10915818241297089","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10915818241297089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 14 alkyl amide MIPA ingredients as used in cosmetics. All of these ingredients are reported to function in cosmetics as a surfactant - foam booster and/or viscosity increasing agent. The Panel considered the available data, as well as data on read-across sources, and concluded these ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment when formulated to be non-irritating.</p>","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"44S-63S"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Are Repeat-Dose Toxicity Studies Informative for Safety Assessment of Vaccine Candidates? A Survey of Vaccine Developers. 重复剂量毒性研究是否有助于候选疫苗的安全性评估？疫苗开发人员调查。
IF 1.2 4区 医学
International Journal of Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241293371
Cynthia M Rohde, Eric Destexhe, Jan Willem van der Laan, Sarah Gould, Rachel Coe, Bert Haenen
{"title":"Are Repeat-Dose Toxicity Studies Informative for Safety Assessment of Vaccine Candidates? A Survey of Vaccine Developers.","authors":"Cynthia M Rohde, Eric Destexhe, Jan Willem van der Laan, Sarah Gould, Rachel Coe, Bert Haenen","doi":"10.1177/10915818241293371","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10915818241293371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A BioSafe-sponsored survey investigated how vaccine companies (n = 12) perceive the value of the repeat-dose toxicity studies for safety assessment of vaccine candidates. As all major vaccine developers were part of the survey, it was considered representative for the industry practices up to 2022. Vaccine developers indicated that they see scientific value in performing repeat-dose toxicity studies with vaccines, especially when novel components (e.g., adjuvant) or technology is being used. However, a few (3/12) also indicated that repeat-dose toxicity studies could be replaced by a pharmacology study with additional toxicity parameters. For the majority of companies (9/12), findings from the repeat-dose toxicity studies never prevented or postponed a first-in-human (FIH) trial. In the remaining 3 companies, a total of 4 occurrences of postponement or prevention of clinical development occurred and in only 2 of these cases was the finding considered related to the vaccine. A platform approach has been successfully implemented for influenza vaccines already in 2016, and an outline of the regulatory requirements for a platform approach has been recently documented in the latest infectious disease mRNA-LNP vaccine guideline, as well as in the guidance on the development and licensure of COVID-19 vaccines presented by the FDA. Vaccine developers are seeking to extend this platform approach to the development of new vaccines, building on established technologies and using well-defined manufacturing processes. This approach could support reduction of animal use (a principle of 3Rs) while still providing reassurance of the nonclinical safety of these products.</p>","PeriodicalId":14432,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"3-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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