International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Eustachian tube function with dynamic and static tests in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy: A prospective clinical study","authors":"Sumeyra Doluoglu ,&nbsp;Aybuke Zuhal Gazeloglu ,&nbsp;Nilgun Ulger ,&nbsp;Burcu Vural Camalan ,&nbsp;Muharrem Dagli","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate Eustachian function in the immediate and early late period after adenotonsillectomy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study sample comprised children aged 4–14 years, who were diagnosed with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, then underwent adenotonsillectomy. All patients included in the study had normal preoperative Eustachian tube function. Tympanometry using 226 Hz and 1000 Hz probe tone, Eustachian function test (EFT), and audiometric examination were performed one day before and was then repeated on the first and 15th days after adenotonsillectomy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 256 ears of 128 patients were evaluated. According to the tympanometry results, on postoperative day one, Eustachian dysfunction in the right ear was determined in 80 (62.5 %) patients with 226 Hz probe tone and in 76 (59.3 %) with 1000 Hz probe tone, and these rates for the left ear were 79 (61.7 %) and 73 (57 %) patients, respectively. On the 15th day postoperatively, Eustachian function was determined to have recovered in the right ear of 75 of 80 (90.3 %) patients with 226 Hz probe tone and in 72 of 76 patients (94.7 %) with 1000 Hz probe tone (p = 0.0001). In the left ear, Eustachian function was determined to have recovered in the right ear of 73 of 79 (92 %) patients with 226 Hz probe tone and in 68 of 73 patients (93 %) with 1000 Hz probe tone (p = 0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study results showed that Eustachian dysfunction is common in the early period after adenotonsillectomy but almost all of these cases completely recovered by the 15th day postoperatively.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical trials number</h3><div>NCT06577051.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 112488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auditory outcomes after cochlear implantation in children with additional disabilities: A grading-based evaluation of inner ear malformations","authors":"Shujiro Minami ,&nbsp;Chieko Enomoto ,&nbsp;Hidetoshi Kato ,&nbsp;Natsumi Tachibana ,&nbsp;Motoko Ihara ,&nbsp;Masae Shiroma ,&nbsp;Kimitaka Kaga","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate auditory and speech outcomes after cochlear implantation (CI) in children with additional disabilities (ADs), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with a particular focus on the impact of inner ear malformation (IEM) grading based on modiolus and cochlear nerve integrity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively reviewed 58 children with bilateral severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss and at least one AD who underwent CI between 2007 and 2022 at a national cochlear implant center. ADs included ASD, intellectual disability (ID), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). IEMs were classified into Grades 0–III based on radiological evaluation. Auditory outcomes were assessed using the Revised Categories of Auditory Performance (R-CAP) and Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) scales. Statistical analyses included non-parametric tests and multivariable logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 58 children, 60 % had ASD and 83 % had ID. IEMs of Grade II or higher were observed in 26 %. Median age at implantation was 29.5 months, and median age at evaluation was 86.5 months. R-CAP scores were significantly higher in children with Grade 0– I IEM than in those with Grade ≥ II (median 8 vs. 2, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). R-CAP ≥8, indicating conversational speech understanding, was achieved by 60 % of Grade 0– I cases but only 13 % of those with more severe IEMs. Multivariable analysis showed that mild ID and severe IEMs were independent negative predictors of achieving R-CAP ≥8, while age at assessment was positively associated with better outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CI can provide meaningful auditory development for children with ADs, but outcomes vary by cognitive and anatomical factors. Early implantation remains essential despite challenges in diagnosing conditions like ASD before surgery, supporting the need for ongoing developmental surveillance and individualized habilitation planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 112490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognizing hypertrophy of torus tubaris: Implications for pediatric hypoglossal nerve stimulation in down syndrome children","authors":"E’ Ching Shih,&nbsp;Christopher J. Hartnick","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Pediatric hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) is an effective treatment for severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with Down syndrome (DS). However, candidacy for HGNS requires the absence of concentric velopharyngeal collapse on drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE). A subset of children with DS with hypertrophic torus tubaris (HTT) may appear to have velopharyngeal collapse, making diagnosis difficult. We propose a method to differentiate HTT and anteroposterior collapse from true circumferential velopharyngeal collapse.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Retrospective case series from 2016 to 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Single tertiary centre.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Four children with DS and severe OSA underwent DISE as part of HGNS evaluation. HTT were noted to cause velopharyngeal narrowing, mimicking concentric collapse. A 120-degrees endoscope was used to visualize the velopharynx revealing the HTT. These cases were reviewed and subsequently approved for HGNS implantation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All four children (median age 14.5, range 11–17years, all male) went on to have successful and uncomplicated HGNS, with resolution of OSA defined by a ≥50 % reduction in pre-operative obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) and a post-operative OAHI &lt;10 events/h. The median reduction in pre-operative OAHI was 85.2 (range 55.6–93.1 %) and the median post-operative OAHI was 3.85 (range 2.9–7.9 events/h).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Accurate DISE evaluation is crucial to avoid misdiagnosing HTT with anteroposterior velopharyngeal collapse as concentric velopharyngeal collapse, ensuring appropriate HGNS candidacy for children with DS and OSA, who often fail conventional treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 112492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pott's puffy tumor in pediatric Patients: Our surgical experience","authors":"Udi Shapira ,&nbsp;Fares Butrus ,&nbsp;Nidal Muhanna ,&nbsp;Avraham Abergel ,&nbsp;Forsan Jahshan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pott's puffy tumor (PPT) is a rare complication of frontal sinusitis defined as subperiosteal abscess of the anterior table of the frontal sinus with associated osteomyelitis. Its complications can be harmful to the patient, therefore immediate treatment is necessary. Surgical drainage and systemic antibiotics are considered as integral parts of the overall treatment. However, surgical approaches can differ between different centers and surgeons.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively evaluated the electronic records of 13 pediatric patients with PPT between 2018 and 2023.Clinical, laboratory radiology, and demographic findings were evaluated as well as surgical and post op data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen patients were included in the study (M/F: 7/6), the median age was 11.3 (6–15) years old. eight (61.5 %) patients had an intracranial complication. All patients were treated with intravenous antibiotics. One patient was treated conservatively and the other 12 were operated on. In the first operation 3/12 (25 %) underwent only frontal sinus trephination, 5/12 (41.66 %) underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and 4/12 (33.33 %) underwent combined endoscopic and trephination surgery. Repeated surgery was needed for 5 patients, four of them underwent only endoscopic drainage and one underwent combined endoscopic and trephination surgery. The media hospitalization time (days) after the 1st surgical intervention was 8.3 for the combined approach, 9.6 for the external approach and 14.75 for the endoscopic approach. All patients recovered uneventfully.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Herein, we report our surgical experience in pediatric patients with PPT treated in a tertiary hospital. Ideally, PPT should be managed with a combination of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and surgical intervention.</div><div>Traditionally, open approaches served as the primary surgical route to access frontal sinus in PPT patients. However, the emergence of endoscopes instrumentation has supplemented these approaches in dealing with PPT. Our database reveals that open approach still has an important role in PPT treatment as patients who underwent only endoscopic drainage faced a higher risk of inadequate improvement and necessitating reintervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 112486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of tongue structure and function in infants for the diagnosis of ankyloglossia: A systematic review","authors":"Emma Necus ,&nbsp;Mary Claessen ,&nbsp;Neville Hennessey ,&nbsp;Sharon Smart","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ankyloglossia, commonly referred to as tongue tie, has become a topic of increasing interest for health care professionals and families. Global data reports a significant increase in surgical intervention to treat ankyloglossia. It is essential that professionals can identify ankyloglossia in infants accurately and reliably as a basis for providing evidence-based recommendations and intervention, and to understand better its potential impact and outcomes for infants and children.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>The systematic review aimed to (i) identify assessments of tongue structure and function used to diagnose ankyloglossia in infants from birth to 12 months; (ii) evaluate the psychometric properties of these tools, and (iii) identify a comprehensive assessment tool based on the review's findings.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Preferred Reporting Systems for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were used to guide this systematic review. Searches for peer-reviewed articles were conducted on five electronic databases: Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest, Web of Science (WOS), Medline and Maternal and Infant Care (OVID).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 117 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in a narrative synthesis of extracted data. Nine assessment tools were identified with varying parameters of appearance and function included, as well as inconsistency in reporting of reliability and validity. Few studies used a measure of feeding as a diagnostic feature when identifying ankyloglossia in study participants.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Based on the findings from this review, the Lingual Frenulum Protocol for Infants (LFPI) had the most reported reliability and validity for the assessment of tongue structure and function and is the most comprehensive tool for ankyloglossia diagnosis. Other tools are useful screeners in clinical practice, but do not provide an in-depth assessment of feeding function. The literature overall supports the notion that a comprehensive assessment of both structure and function, including feeding impact, is required to diagnose ankyloglossia. Based on this evaluation, recommendations for surgical and/or non-surgical intervention pathways can then be considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 112485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paediatric tracheostomy: Can we predict time to decannulation?","authors":"David Brinkman,&nbsp;Roisin Mullan,&nbsp;Rania Mehanna,&nbsp;Lina Woods,&nbsp;John Russell","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Paediatric tracheostomy is associated with a significant burden of care on health systems and primary caregivers. Decannulation is regularly part of the discussion during insertion. Being fully aware of factors that affect successful decannulation and time to decannulation is important for consenting primary caregivers, but there is a paucity of comprehensive evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Our objective was to try and establish important predictive criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective review of all tracheostomy patients in a national tertiary paediatric referral centre over 20 years with data on factors drawn from existing literature and additional factors significant for paediatric otolaryngologists was performed. Univariable and multivariable analysis for decannulation success and cox regression analysis on time to decannulation was performed. We included all patients that were cared for at our facility and excluded only patients that had incomplete data available.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>153 patients were included for analysis. Corrected age at insertion of less than 6 weeks and sole tube feeding were found to be significant predictors of successful decannulation on univariable analysis, with maintenance of significance of feeding route on multivariable analysis. There was no significant effect on decannulation success with presence of comorbidities, long term ventilation, gestation, emergency status, EXIT procedure or requirement for intervention pre-decannulation on univariable analysis. There was no significant difference in time to decannulation with sole upper airway obstruction or long-term ventilation, mixed oral and tube feeding route, cardiac, respiratory, or genetic comorbidities, or requirement for intervention pre-decannulation. Significantly shorter time to successful decannulation was seen with age at insertion of greater than 12 months, while a significantly longer time was seen with sole tube feeding route, age of less than six weeks at insertion, indication for insertion of a combination of upper airway obstruction and long-term ventilation, neurological co-morbidities and two or more comorbidities on Cox regression analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our analysis demonstrated feeding route to be a significant predictor of decannulation success on multivariable analysis. We also demonstrated multiple predictors of time to decannulation. These findings should aid in the discussion around decannulation with primary caregivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 112484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage: Age-specific insights from a pediatric cohort","authors":"Mustafa Ibas ,&nbsp;Muruvvet Paksoy ,&nbsp;Mehmet Nuri Elgormus ,&nbsp;Hafize Uzun ,&nbsp;Erkan Karatas","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112480","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 112480"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in a 4-year-Old child: A rare case report","authors":"Mukhtar Baryare Matan ,&nbsp;Abdullahi Ahmed Tahlil ,&nbsp;Nafisa Ahmed Mohamed ,&nbsp;Abdifatah Mohamed Tahlil ,&nbsp;Mohamed Abdirahman Omar ,&nbsp;Omar Mohamed Hassan ,&nbsp;Ismail Gedi İbrahim ,&nbsp;Hussein Osman Abdulle ,&nbsp;Abdullahi Ali Moallim Hussein ,&nbsp;Christian Ayele ,&nbsp;Kassim Hagi Hossain ,&nbsp;Yahye A. Mohamud Shoole","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSCC) is an extremely rare malignancy cancer in children, accounting for less than 1 % of head and neck cancers in those under 18. This case report discusses a 4-year-old boy with a three-year history of worsening respiratory distress and stridor, who was ultimately diagnosed with superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. The child showed significant symptoms that led to further assessment. Indirect laryngoscopy revealed a whitish lesion on the left vocal cord and posterior commissure. Microlaryngoscopy under general anesthesia allowed complete removal of the lesion, initially thought to be juvenile papillomatosis. However, histopathology confirmed LSCC, showing acanthotic stratified squamous epithelium with marked pleomorphism and lamina propria invasion. This case emphasizes the importance of early detection and treatment of pediatric laryngeal cancer, despite its rarity and the risk of misdiagnosis. It adds to the limited literature on this condition and underscores the need for clinicians to remain vigilant when evaluating respiratory symptoms in children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 112482"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of laryngeal surgery in children with congenital laryngomalacia and neurological and neurodevelopmental comorbidities - A NSQIP analysis","authors":"Achilles A. Kanaris ,&nbsp;Alexander J. Szymczak ,&nbsp;Paulina Piwowarczyk ,&nbsp;Saied Ghadersohi ,&nbsp;Inbal Hazkani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Children with neurological and neurodevelopmental comorbidities (NNC) may experience poorer post-operative outcomes following the surgical management of laryngomalacia. The objective of this study is to assess short-term outcomes of this group.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study utilizing the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program – Pediatric Database years 2015–2023. Pediatric patients ages 18 and under were selected by CPT codes 31541 and 31561 and ICD-10 code Q31.5. NNC were defined as the presence of impaired cognitive status/developmental delay, seizure disorder, cerebral palsy, structural central nervous system abnormality, or neuromuscular disorder.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 5805 cases met the inclusion criteria, with 1229 cases involving patients with NNC. Patients with NNC were older at the time of surgery (14.7 vs. 4.1 months; p &lt; 0.001), more frequently classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3 (71 % vs. 46 %, p &lt; 0.001), more likely to have cardiac risk factors (38.7 % vs. 13.2 %; p &lt; 0.001) and to be born prematurely (31.5 % vs. 18.4 %; p &lt; 0.001).</div><div>While controlling for sociodemographic and medical factors, children with NNC were at 2.85 times greater odds of developing post-operative pneumonia (95 % CI 1.36–6.01, p = 0.005), 2.35 times greater odds of requiring oxygen at discharge (95 % CI 1.61–3.44, p &lt; 0.001), and 1.90 times greater odds of undergoing unplanned reintubation (95 % CI 1.04–3.45, p = 0.036).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Patients with NNC undergoing laryngeal surgery for laryngomalacia may be at a higher risk of postoperative complications, highlighting the importance of careful evaluation of surgical management and postoperative monitoring in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 112483"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of olfactory bulb volume and insular cortex area in children with adenoid hypertrophy: A retrospective MRI study","authors":"Yasin Teki̇n ,&nbsp;Ziya Şencan ,&nbsp;Nuray Bayar Muluk ,&nbsp;Selçuk Başer ,&nbsp;Adnan Özdemi̇r ,&nbsp;Ela Comert ,&nbsp;Gökçe Özel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>In this study, central and peripheral olfactory areas were examined in patients with adenoid hypertrophy; Based on the idea that adenoid hypertrophy may cause smell impairment, its effect on olfactory bulb volumes and insular cortex areas was evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included 60 male and 61 female patients who had Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and had no comorbidities. In MRI measurements, patients with adenoid tissue to nasopharyngeal air column ratio &gt;%50 were designated as the patient group with adenoid hypertrophy (25 boys, 22 girls) (Group 1), and patients with adenoid tissue to nasopharyngeal air column ratio ≤ %50 were designated as the control group (35 boys, 39 girls). (Group 2). Olfactory bulb volumes and insular cortex areas in cranial MRI sections; adenoid width, nasopharyngeal distance, air column and soft palate measurements were taken.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were no statistically significant differences between olfactory bulb volume and insular cortex area of children with adenoid hypertrophy and the control group (p &gt; 0.05). In the groups we evaluated, it was observed that there was a linear relationship between air column measurements, which became smaller as the adenoid tissue grew, and bilateral olfactory bulb measurements (p &lt; 0.05). It was also determined that there was a directly proportional relationship between olfactory bulb measurements and insular cortex areas. (p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In children with adenoid hypertrophy with the ratio of adenoid width to nasopharyngeal air column distance is &gt;%50, the reduction in olfactory bulb volumes and insular cortex areas is more pronounced. There is a statistically insignificant difference in olfactory bulb volume, with a tendency to be smaller in children with adenoid hypertrophy.</div><div>It was concluded that adenoid hypertrophy might cause decrease in the olfactory areas (olfactory bulb volume and insular cortex area) and could be an important cause of smell impairment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 112481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}