International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Management of severe tracheobronchomalacia with 3D printed resorbable airway splints: An Australian first","authors":"Jennifer F. Ha ,&nbsp;Rick Ohye ,&nbsp;Glenn E. Green ,&nbsp;Ian Nicholson ,&nbsp;Justin Skowno ,&nbsp;Dean Murfin ,&nbsp;Alan T. Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is the loss of the cartilaginous support of the trachea and/or major bronchi, leading to the dynamic collapse of the airway during respiration. It usually resolves by the age of two. Severe cases often present with recurrent pneumonias requiring hospitalisations, inability to extubate following illness or procedures, or life-threatening events.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We present the first Australian case of a successful implantation of tracheal splints using 3D printing technology to treat a 21-month-old with severe TBM who failed non-invasive treatments. His disease could not be improved with other established airway procedures. After multidisciplinary discussions at the Sydney Children's Hospital Network's tracheal reconstruction group, the case was further discussed with the multidisciplinary team at CS Mott's Children's Hospital to assist with surgical planning and the custom design of stents. The Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration's approval for the devices was sought. Consent was obtained from the hospital executives, as well as the New South Wales Department of Communities and Justice.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The surgery was facilitated by placing the patient on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the sternotomy. Intraoperative flexible bronchoscopy was performed to confirm the site of TBM. Two airway splints were utilised for the long segment tracheomalacia involving the distal trachea and proximal left main bronchus. They were placed on the anterior and lateral surface of the trachea and bronchus. The patency was confirmed with intraoperative flexible bronchoscopy. The patient was extubated after 5 days. He remains clinically well.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>3D printed tracheal splint is another viable alternative for children with severe TBM. The computer aided design and biomaterial 3d printing creates anatomically specific implantable devices for patients with TBM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112564"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and use of quantitative tools for the diagnosis of Ankyloglossia: A systematic review","authors":"Kritiga Kumar,&nbsp;Shalini Balaji,&nbsp;Selvakumar Haridoss,&nbsp;K.C. Vignesh,&nbsp;Kavitha Swaminathan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ankyloglossia, commonly known as tongue tie, is a congenital condition wherein the lingual frenum is tethered to the floor of the mouth. The classification protocols traditionally used for the diagnosis of ankyloglossia that have been described in literature lack coherence in terms of their subjective nature and application across different age groups. The use of quantitative tools provides a means of assessing the lingual frenulum that is both reproducible as well as objective, improving the accuracy of diagnoses and reducing operator bias.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This systematic review aims to identify the quantitative tools used in the measurement of lingual frenum and to assess their feasibility in clinical practice.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>The research question was framed using PECO format. A comprehensive search was conducted through 9 databases up to March 2025, including cross sectional, cohort studies and randomized control trials restricted to those published in the English language. Study quality was assessed, and data were managed using Rayyan software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The search identified 3788 articles. After duplicate removal, the titles and abstract of 1664 were screened, resulting in the review of 46 full text articles. 17 studies were included in the final review, consisting of 11 cross-sectional studies, 4 cohort studies and 2 randomized control trials.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Based on the available literature, a recommendation for a diagnostic quantitative tool cannot be given due to heterogenicity and low certainty of evidence of the included articles. While some of the instruments directly measured the length of the lingual frenum, other instruments relied on functional parameters to define the frenum, leading to variation in clinical outcome. Quantitative measures can assist in the establishment of a standardized diagnostic threshold to bring about evidence-based treatment planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112568"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-dependent maturation of central auditory processing skills in school-aged children: A multi-domain behavioral study","authors":"Bahareh Khavarghazalani ,&nbsp;Atta Heidari ,&nbsp;Maryam Emadi ,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Shahtaheri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112565","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112565"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The combination use of a Japanese-ready-made fenestrated speaking cannula and speaking valve in children with tracheostomy","authors":"Chieko Hisamatsu ,&nbsp;Jiro Tsugawa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>A Japanese-ready-made fenestrated speaking cannula (SC) and a one-way speaking valve (SV) were actively used in children with tracheostomy in our hospitals. We reviewed our experience, focusing on the laryngeal function.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eleven children who underwent tracheostomy using an SC and SV were retrospectively analyzed. Confirmation of steady spontaneous breathing and, when feasible, a patent upper airway and the position of the side holes of the SC in the trachea by rigid bronchoscopy were necessary.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Tracheostomy reasons included upper airway stenosis (six cases) or respiratory failure due to primary disease (five cases). Intratracheal granulation due to SC was not observed. Regarding breathing, in ten cases, the amount of tracheal secretions and the frequency of intratracheal suctioning were lower than before SC-SV use. Regarding vocalization, while dysphonia (seven cases) and inspiratory phonation (two cases) were observed before SC-SV use, all cases acquired vocalization during SC-SV use. Regarding swallowing, the five patients who showed aspiration before SC-SV use achieved a normal swallowing function (four cases) or silent aspiration (one case) during SC-SV use. Decannulation was attempted under SC-SV use, depending on the conditions. Seven patients have achieved decannulation, and in three patients, the size of the SC has decreased, permitting future decannulation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>With the combined use of the Japanese-ready-made SC and SV for children with tracheostomy, the laryngeal function improved physiologically. The change in airflow contributed to a reduction in tracheal secretions, acquisition of vocalization, and prevention of aspiration. An SC-SV also seems to facilitate future decannulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Diagnostic role of Galectin-3 with routine blood parameters in PFAPA syndrome: prospective cohort study\" [Int. J. Pediatric Otorhinolaryngol. 196 (2025) 112478].","authors":"SanemBurc Dagli, Murat Gumussoy, Ali Kanik, Murat Akst, İbrahim Cukurova","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112561","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"112561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enlarged adenoids and cardiorespiratory abnormalities in children at a teaching hospital in South West Nigeria","authors":"Taiwo O. Adedeji ,&nbsp;Yemisi B. Amusa ,&nbsp;Ademola A. Aremu ,&nbsp;Olusola A. Sogebi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Enlarged adenoid may be associated with cardiorespiratory abnormalities. This study aims to document the prevalence and pattern of cardiorespiratory abnormalities among children with enlarged adenoid in a teaching hospital in south west Nigeria.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective, case-controlled hospital-based study of children that had diagnosis of enlarged adenoid.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 90 subjects and 90 controls and age ranged from 8 months to 12 years. There were 61 males and 29 females (subjects) and 58 male and 32 females (controls). Largest proportion was age group 1–3years (36.7 %) (Subjects) and 4–6years (43.3 %) (Controls) The common symptoms in the subjects were recurrent nasal obstruction (100 %), and mouth breathing (98.9 %). The adenoidal nasopharyngeal ratio (ANR) ranged from 0.60 to 0.89 (subjects). Age group (1–3 years) had greatest proportion of severe nasopharyngeal obstruction 37.9 %. There was significant association between age and nasopharyngeal obstruction (P = 0.03). Abnormal ECG was found in 16.7 % (subjects) and 1.1 % (controls). RVH was the predominant (10 %) abnormal finding. Pneumonic changes were found in the CXR in 24.4 % (subjects) and 7.8 % (control) and Cardiomegaly was in 6.7 % (subjects). There was significant association between ANR &amp; abnormal ECG findings (P = 0.04), ANR &amp; bronchopneumonia (P = 0.03) and ANR and cardiomegaly (P &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Adenoid hypertrophy predisposes children to cardiorespiratory abnormalities. Efforts should be geared toward early intervention when symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy fail to resolve following medical treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate 3D reconstruction of eardrum perforations using Structure from Motion photogrammetry","authors":"Jeremy S. Ruthberg ,&nbsp;Nicole Gunderson ,&nbsp;Lindsay Boven ,&nbsp;Seth Friedman ,&nbsp;Michael Barbour ,&nbsp;Randall A. Bly","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>3D reconstruction of the ear canal and eardrum perforations of known dimensions using routine endoscopy and the computer vision algorithm Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirteen 3D-printed ear models were created featuring anterior-inferior perforations (ranging 0.7–4.0 mm). One human patient was also included in data collection. A 3.0 mm 0° rigid endoscope connected to a high-definition camera captured endoscopic videos of eardrum perforations. Optical calibration included a chessboard target in coordination with a reference cylinder placed on the concha cavum. Endoscopy was performed to 1 mm from the eardrum, angling the endoscope 10–15° from the external canal axis. SfM photogrammetry was utilized to generate 3D point clouds for perforation measurements. High-resolution microCT scans (12-μm slice thickness) and 3D printed models served as ground-truths to compare against corresponding SfM eardrum reconstructions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The average absolute difference between microCT and SfM measurements were 0.09 mm with a percentage error value &lt; 11 % amongst the thirteen 3D printed specimens. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated no bias between large and small perforations. In the live patient, 3D reconstruction measurements (1.87 mm length, 1.41 mm width) deviated approximately 6 % from manual ruler measurements of 2.0 mm and 1.5 mm.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This pilot study demonstrates that SfM can generate highly accurate 3D reconstructions of eardrum perforations of varying sizes in 3D-printed models and one human subject. The promising ability to reconstruct live intraoperative patient data highlights its clinical viability, particularly for adding objective measurements to clinical exam, surgical planning, and potentially patient-specific graft design.</div></div><div><h3>Level of evidence</h3><div>4.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112553"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of surgery on vestibular system in pediatric patients with otitis media with effusion","authors":"Serdar Hanzala Yaman ,&nbsp;Ela Cömert ,&nbsp;Ziya Şencan ,&nbsp;Burak Mustafa Taş ,&nbsp;Nuray Bayar Muluk","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of middle ear fluid aspiration and ventilation tube insertion in pediatric patients with chronic otitis media with effusion on the vestibular system using the video head impulse (vHIT) test and compare their results with healthy subjects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study population included two groups of subjects, a patient group and healthy subjects. The patient group consisted of 40 patients with bilateral chronic otitis media with effusion who underwent paracentesis, aspiration of the mucoid fluid from the middle ear, and placement of bilateral ventilation tubes. Tympanogram curves, vHIT gains, and the presence of saccades for each semicircular canal were documented before surgery, and the vHIT test was repeated on the 2nd day and the 1st and 2nd weeks postoperatively. All vHIT parameters were compared within the patient group and between patients and healthy subjects.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Preoperatively, patients with chronic otitis media with effusion had similar vHIT gains in all canals when compared with healthy subjects. In the patient group, 20 covert saccades were observed preoperatively, 11 on the 2nd day postoperatively, and 2 on the 1st week postoperatively, and all saccades were in the vertical canal planes. A significant decrease was detected between the number of preoperative and postoperative saccades in most of the vertical canal planes. No saccade was observed in healthy subjects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results support that middle ear fluid drainage and ventilation tube placement might have a positive effect on the vestibular system, as all covert saccades disappeared at 2 weeks postoperatively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute mastoiditis in pediatric cochlear implant patients – a systematic review","authors":"Sophia Marie Häußler ,&nbsp;Arne Böttcher ,&nbsp;Christian Stephan Betz ,&nbsp;Katharina Stölzel ,&nbsp;Friederike Meyer","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute mastoiditis (AM) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition in pediatric patients, particularly those with cochlear implants (CI) seem to be at higher risk for complications. The aim of this study is to propose a diagnostic and treatment algorithm by analyzing common symptoms, incidence, microbiology, and management of AM in pediatric CI patients. This systematic review includes 20 studies and four own cases, therefore 86 pediatric CI patients diagnosed with AM were enrolled. The research databases Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase und Google Scholar were searched with the terms „acute mastoiditis“ and „cochlear implant“ and „complications“. Inclusion criteria were pediatric patients with CI (&lt;16 years of age) and AM in the CI ear. Exclusion criteria were redundant cases, cases with skin or wound infections.</div><div>The incidence of AM in this cohort was 1.7 %, with a mean age at the time of AM diagnosis of 45.9 months. Most cases occurred within the first year after CI surgery, with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Haemophilus influenzae identified as the most common pathogens. Treatment predominantly involved intravenous antibiotics (i.v. AB), with ceftriaxone being the most commonly administered AB. Surgical interventions ranged from grommet insertion, incision and drainage to revision-mastoidectomy or in two cases (2.3 %) even explantation, depending on the severity and course of the infection. Radiological imaging was primarily performed if there was a clinical suspicion of subperiosteal abscess with the need of surgical intervention. Data collection was limited by the mostly retrospective study designs and therefore resulting in partially incomplete data. Based on the collected data we propose diagnostic criteria including swab results and radiological imaging to distinguish between mild and advanced AM leading to treatment recommendations, emphasizing early i.v. AB treatment and tailored surgical interventions to prevent complications and ensure favorable outcomes without the need for CI explantation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112551"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variant frequency of GJB2 c.109G>A (p.Val37Ile) in the general Chinese population: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Jiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Dayong Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Guan ,&nbsp;Jiajun Du ,&nbsp;Jin Li ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunyan Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaonan Wu ,&nbsp;Qiuju Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study systematically evaluates the frequency and geographic distribution of the <em>GJB2</em> c.109G &gt; A (p.Val37Ile) variant in the Chinese population, providing a data-driven basis for hereditary hearing loss prevention and control.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across seven databases-PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data System-from their inception through May 31, 2025. Studies were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using R 4.4.2. Meta-analysis was applied to calculate the variant carrier rate, allele frequency, and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals. Funnel plots and Egger's test were employed to assess publication bias.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 37 studies were included, encompassing 364,088 individuals across 18 provinces in China. Meta-analysis indicated that the overall carrier rate of the <em>GJB2</em> c.109G &gt; A variant was 11.6 % (95 % CI: 9.5 %–14.1 %), and the allele frequency was 6.3 % (95 % CI: 5.2 %–7.7 %). Stratified analysis revealed that both the carrier rate (14.5 %, 95 % CI: 12.4 %–17.0 %) and allele frequency (8.1 %, 95 % CI: 7.0 %–9.3 %) were considerably higher in southern Chinese populations compared to northern regions (carrier rate 5.3 %, 95 % CI: 4.0 %–6.9 %; allele frequency 2.7 %, 95 % CI: 2.2 %–3.3 %), with statistically significant differences (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The <em>GJB2</em> c.109G &gt; A (p.Val37Ile) variant exhibits a relatively high carrier rate and allele frequency within the general Chinese population, with significant regional variation. These findings offer valuable insights for genetic counseling, disease prevention, and hearing health policy, and they highlight the need to account for regional and ethnic diversity in genetic studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}