International Journal of Preventive Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The Factors Affecting the Screening of New Colorectal Cancer Cases Between 2020 and 2022 in Isfahan Province.","authors":"Elaheh Ebrahimi, Razieh Hassannejad, Masood Shekarchizadeh, Jamshid Najafan, Zamane Vafaei, Samaneh Mostafavi, Fateme Nouri, Reihaneh Zavar, Ali Darakhshandeh, Mohammadreza Khosravifarsani, Farzaneh Ashraf, Mehran Sharifi, Ali Akhavan, Nadia Najafizadeh, Alireza Sadeghi, Maryam Mirporian, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Nizal Sarrafzadegan","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_332_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_332_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common neoplasms in Iran. The objectives of this study were to determine the factors affecting the screening of new colon cancer cases in Isfahan province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This present study is a cross-sectional study that was conducted within the framework of the Cardio Vascular Events in Breast and Colorectal Cancers (CIBC) study. CIBC is a multicenter prospective cohort study of newly diagnosed BC and CRC patients that has been started in Iran since 2019 and will be continued until 2024. In this study, all patients who were diagnosed with CRC were considered between January 2020 and January 2022. Information was collected through a questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 78 cases in our study had colon cancer, and 69 had rectal cancer. The majority of patients in our study were between ages of 45-75 (74.4%), married (97%), educated (77%), urban-based (89.4%), nonsmoker (79.5%) and nondrinker (97%), had insurance coverage (96.3%) and had normal levels of depression (52.5%), anxiety (54.4%) and stress (77.5%). Higher age (<i>P</i> = 0.034), higher anxiety score (<i>P</i> = 0.00) and history of colorectal surgery (<i>P</i> = 0.018) was associated with higher rates of screening behaviors especially colonoscopy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Understanding the importance of CRC screening is critical to improve population health. According to the results, higher age, higher anxiety, and a history of colorectal surgery were the main factors affecting participation in the CRC screening programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Family Physician Training Program in the World: A Scoping Review Protocol.","authors":"Fariba Ahmadi, Mostafa Amini-Rarani, Alireza Jabbari","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_298_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_298_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since the emergence of family medicine in the world, different approaches to training family physicians have been utilized. However, there are no united criteria or processes defined for the field. Therefore, this study intends to gather and use the worldwide experience in training family physicians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This protocol uses the 2020 updated version of Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) scoping review and the PCC framework (population, concept, context). The study will review databases and use search engines and related websites by considering the entrance criteria. Resources will be entered into EndNote. The study will use PRISMA for the selection process and content analysis to analyze the studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As this is a protocol, no empirical data are presented. The anticipated findings will systematically map family physician training programs worldwide, summarizing extracted data via tables and narrative synthesis across key dimensions: admission criteria, curriculum, core competencies, training duration, teaching/assessment methods, accreditation standards, and career pathways. The synthesis will also highlight contextual variations, knowledge gaps, thematic convergences, and barriers across different health systems. The mapped evidence will inform policymakers on transferable models and contextual adaptations, while acknowledging limitations such as publication and language bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It seems that the study results could help policymakers familiarize themselves with different dimensions of different methods of training family physicians in the world and create training plans adoptable by healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological Quality of Commercial Enteral Formulas and Investigation of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Effects of Thyme, Saffron, and Turmeric Extract Mixture.","authors":"Raheleh Sadeghzadeh, Mohammad Bagherniya, Masoud Sami","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_233_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_233_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The consumption of commercial enteral formulas (CEFs) is increasing worldwide. Given the possibility of contamination of these formulas during preparation and consumption, it is crucial to utilize antimicrobial substances to enhance the safety and quality of them. This study aims to assess the (i) microbiological quality of CEFs and (ii) antibacterial and antioxidant effects of thyme, saffron, and turmeric extract mixture on CEFs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First, 50 samples were collected and analyzed to determine the growth of <i>total viable microorganisms</i> (<i>TVC</i>), <i>coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>), and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>). Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts was determined by the microdilution method, and the antibacterial effects of the mixed extracts were measured on 26 samples by <i>TVC</i> at the time of sampling, 2, 4, and 24 hours after preparation. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of the mixed extracts was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the microbial analysis of food formulas, <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i> were not observed, but the <i>coliforms</i> contamination (3.67 ± 0.18 CFU/mL) and <i>TVC</i> (4.29 ± 0.10 CFU/mL) were higher than the standard of U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Additionally, the mixture of aqueous extract of saffron, turmeric, and thyme demonstrated a significant reduction in microbial load within 24 hours. The DPPH analysis indicated that the aqueous extract mixture increased antioxidant activity (38.7%) significantly in comparison to CEFs without extract (19.59%) (<i>P</i> value < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study indicate that CEFs exhibit high levels of microbial contamination. The extracts of thyme, saffron, and turmeric, however, have the potential to reduce microbial load and enhance antioxidant activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Diagnostic Efficacy of Anemia Indices in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis.","authors":"Zohreh Rahimi, Morteza Pourfarzam, Shiva Seirafian, Tahereh Gholipurshahraki, Shirinsadat Badri","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_308_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_308_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and assessing iron levels is crucial for managing anemia in CKD patients. However, traditional laboratory markers for iron deficiency, like ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT), exhibit significant variability in CKD patients and have certain diagnostic limitations. As a result, newer and less variable markers such as soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), cellular hemoglobin in reticulocytes (CHr), and hypochromic red blood cell percentage (HYPO%) have been proposed. This study aimed to compare these newer markers with the classical biomarkers to investigate iron deficiency in dialysis patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved 140 patients receiving dialysis in Isfahan City, Iran, from 2021 to 2022. Classical markers of iron status were measured using routine hematology laboratory methods. sTfR levels were determined using a commercial ELISA kit, while HYPO% was measured through the hemoglobin concentration chart image processing. The collected data were analyzed to compare the classical and newer biomarkers regarding the more accurate prediction of anemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed in mean HYPO%, TSAT, hemoglobin, and hematocrit indices between the peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis groups. Hemoglobin and hematocrit had the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC > 0.9), significantly higher than the first and third halves. The diagnostic efficiency of sTfR, as determined by ROC curve analysis, was 0.408.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to hemoglobin as the gold standard, neither the classical nor the newer laboratory biomarkers of iron status demonstrated sufficient predictive ability when used independently to determine iron deficiency in CKD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effects of L-Carnitine Supplement Combined with Interval Training on Kidney and Liver Function among Overweight and Obese Individuals.","authors":"Norsuriani Samsudin, Nur Syamsina Ahmad, Foong Kiew Ooi, Azidah Abdul Kadir, Nur Karyatee Kassim","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_381_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_381_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although carnitine supplementation has been studied for its effects on serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in patients, research in physically inactive overweight and obese individuals remains limited.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study examined the effects of L-carnitine supplementation and moderate-intensity exercise (30 min of brisk walking and interval training) on kidney and liver functions in overweight and obese individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-eight overweight and obese participants (29.03 ± 6.02 years) were randomly assigned to four groups: Control (C), L-carnitine supplementation alone (S), exercise alone (E), and combined L-carnitine supplement and exercise (SE). The S and SE groups consumed 1000 mg of L-carnitine daily for 12 weeks, while the E and SE groups performed 30 min of brisk walking and interval training. The control group maintained their usual routines. Kidney and liver function markers, including ALT, AST, creatinine, urea, and total bilirubin, were analyzed. Repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni test were used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant changes in kidney and liver function markers were observed among the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>L-carnitine supplementation alone, exercise alone, and their combination do not adversely affect kidney and liver function in overweight and obese individuals, supporting their safety. Although no significant biomarker changes were detected, these findings encourage further research on long-term effects, varying exercise intensities and higher L-carnitine doses to explore potential metabolic benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Diet, Oral Hygiene, and Sleep Habits Correlate with Severe COVID-19?","authors":"Ali Esmaeilpour, Zahra Abdolahinia, Nouzar Nakheei, Mehrdad Farrokhnia, Parya Jangipour Afshar, AliAkbar Haghdoost","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_292_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_292_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Because of the impact of lifestyle on health, we assessed the correlation of diet, oral hygiene, and sleep habits with the severity of COVID-19 among patients in a referral hospital in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this case-control study, 582 participants (289 cases and 293 controls) were included. The case group consisted of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, who were admitted to intensive care unit or died during hospitalization. The control group consisted of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection who were admitted to other wards or did not have serious problems and subsequently discharged in relatively good condition. Independent variables were lifestyle information, including habits and diet, oral and dental hygiene, sleep habits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adequate consumption of salt and white meat have been identified protective factor for severe COVID-19 infection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34-0.78) (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17-0.69), respectively. The findings indicated that brushing teeth after dinner was decreased the chance of contracting the severe COVID-19 infection (AOR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.40-0.96). However, had dentures was linked to an increased risk of infection (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.16-2.70). The pain during sleep, feeling cold during sleep were associated with an elevated chance of severe infection (AOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.24-3.53) and (AOR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.09-3.39), respectively. Also, the individuals who slept longer periods during the day exhibited a heightened probability of developing the severe form of COVID-19 (AOR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.08-1.36). Furthermore, persistent, or intermittent cough increased the odds of the severe disease (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.01-2.69) (AOR = 4.45, 95% CI: 1.88-10.52).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings showed significant associations between the severity of COVID-19 infection and some aspects of lifestyle. Attention to these habits may change the course of such infections with minimum costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Effectiveness of Japanese Local and National Government Information Sources on COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake.","authors":"Marina Richey, Satoko Yasuno","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_344_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_344_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effectiveness of different levels of government in generating compliance with public health initiatives during pandemics is not currently known. As public health is administered at both local and national levels, this study aimed to determine which government level is most effective in motivating the public so that resources can be efficiently allocated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The usage rates and subsequent vaccine uptake of the Japanese national government's main COVID-19 vaccination website, \"Vaccine Navi,\" were compared to Japanese local governments' websites and mailed paper flyers. Data were collected through an online survey of 1088 participants matched to national demographic data asking about their experience with Vaccine Navi and local resources in receiving information about the COVID-19 vaccine. T-tests and ordinary least squares regression modeling were used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The information resources created by local Japanese governments to aid in vaccine rollout were used significantly more than the national government's Vaccine Navi. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of vaccines received after a local and national information source was used.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Local health resources are beneficial to distributing information during health crises, and utilizing local public health offices is advantageous for public health guidance during pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do the Modified Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Dietary Patterns Interact with Psychological Disorders to Affect Sleep Quality and Quantity? Yazd Health Study-Taghzieh Mardom-e-Yazd Study.","authors":"Saeed Sherafatmanesh, Farzan Madadizadeh, Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh, Mohammad Mohammadi, Masoud Mirzaei, Hossein Khosravi-Boroujeni, Amin Salehi-Abargouei","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_130_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_130_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The separate relationship between dietary food intake and psychiatric illnesses on individuals' sleep has been discovered in previous investigations. However, it is yet unknown how these variables combine to affect the quantity and quality of sleep. Therefore, the purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to assess the possible interaction between Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and modified Mediterranean (mMED) dietary patterns (DPs) and psychological ailments (PAs) on sleep quality and duration among Iranian adults, Yazd, Iran.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Baseline data from a large Iranian cohort study (Yazd Health Study (YaHS)-Taghzieh Mardom-e-Yazd (TAMYZ)) were used in the current investigation. A validated food frequency questionnaire was utilized to obtain participants' dietary consumption. The adherence level of the study DPs was calculated according to the earlier scientific literature. The depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 questionnaire was employed to assess PAs. Additionally, gathering information regarding the individuals' sleep quality and duration was done via a validated nocturnal sleep questionnaire and a short version of the Pittsburgh questionnaire. Finally, the multivariable adjusted binary logistic regression test was used to examine the interaction between DPs and PAs on sleep quality and duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with the greatest adherence to the mMED DP and with severe depression had significantly lower odds of \"low sleep quality\" than those without depression signs and with the lowest adherence to the diet (<i>P</i> for interaction: 0.039).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A mMED DP might help those with severe depression by improving sleep quality. Prospective investigations are needed to confirm this finding.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Inflammatory Index and Coronary Artery Disease Risk and Mortality: A Nonlinear Dose-Response Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ebrahim Benam, Mahdi Keshani, Mohammad Amin Mohammadi, Hasan Shemirani, Masoumeh Sadeghi","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_358_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_358_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis study aims to investigate the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk and mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus was implemented for relevant observational studies investigating the relation between DII and risk of CAD and CAD mortality published up to May 2024. Articles that reported the relative risk, odd ratio (OR), or hazard ratio for the highest score of DII versus the lowest score of DII were retrieved. For quantitative analyses, categorical analysis, linear and nonlinear analyses, and subgroup analysis are performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Finally, 18 studies [CAD (n = 13) and CAD mortality (n = 5)] were included. Individuals with the highest score of DII versus the lowest ones have 38% (1.38; 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.56) and 40% (1.40; 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.75) more risk to CAD and CAD mortality, respectively. The linear analysis declared that the summary OR for CAD is 1.16 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.24) and for CAD mortality 1.09 (95% CI: 1.03 to 1.14) per each 1-point increase in DII. There was also evidence of nonlinear relationship between the DII and CAD as the relation became even more significant when the DII were more than 2 points (<i>P</i> < 0.001). A positive association was revealed in the DII score (proinflammatory diet) and risk of CAD and CAD mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>However, due to the large heterogeneity and some aforementioned limitations, more high-quality prospective studies can validate our results.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Television (TV) Food Commercials Target Children: A Content Analysis of TV Food Advertisements in Iran.","authors":"Maryam Amini, Mehrnoosh Shafaatdoost, Delaram Ghodsi, Mohadese Borazjani, Maryam Aghayan, Nastaran Shariatzadeh","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_274_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_274_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to analyze the content of Iran's television (TV) food advertisements directed at children in 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All the programs broadcast on Channel II TV were downloaded for one week; however, only children's programs were analyzed. The validated protocol was used to analyze the content of the advertisements. In addition, compliance of food advertisements with Iran's, World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region (WHO EMR), and International Network for Food and Obesity/Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) Research Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS) standards was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 761 TV advertisements targeted children on channel II. \"Food products\" were the most frequent advertisements (41.7%). \"Desserts and sweets\" were the most advertised food products (46%), followed by \"condiments\" and \"dairy products\" (20.5% and 11.7%, respectively). \"Stimulation of appetite\" and \"high quality/careful preparation\" were the most frequent appeals for advertisements directed at children. \"Animation/Company-owned character(s)\" was the most frequent advertising strategy. Most food advertisements adhered to Iran's regulations; however, according to the WHO EMR and INFORMAS, most food advertisements have not met advertising standards. Present research revealed that food products were a prominent part of other advertisements on children's TV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children were predominantly exposed to foods high in fat, salt, and sugar, and the share of unhealthy food advertisements, such as desserts, sweets, fast foods, fats, and sugared drinks, was significant. Regarding the high violation rate of the advertising regulations, a more careful audit of commercials targeting children is highly recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}