International Journal of Preventive Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Daily Dose of 400 and 600 Units of Vitamin D in the Prevention of Osteopenia of Prematurity in Infants with a Gestational Age of Less Than and Equal to 32 Weeks.","authors":"Behzad Barekatain, Shima Hamidipour, Zohreh Badiei, Maryam Farghadani","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_236_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_236_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of vitamin D in premature infants is one of the important preventive factors for osteopenia of prematurity, but there are conflicting results on the appropriate doses, so this study aimed to compare the doses of 400 and 600 units of vitamin D in the prevention of osteopenia of prematurity in infants with a gestational age ≤32 weeks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This clinical trial study was conducted on 108 premature infants divided into two groups of 54 with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks born between 2020 and 2021 in Shahid Beheshti and Al-Zahrai hospitals in Isfahan. In the first group, daily vitamin D was 400 units from the 7^th day of birth, and in the second group, it was 600 units. At the age of 5 weeks, levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and vitamin D were evaluated. If the ALP level was above 1000, wrist radiography was requested. Also, the baby was examined for clinical symptoms of rickets at the age of 5 weeks. The data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26, and a P value <0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, there was no significant difference between the levels of ALP in the two groups (<i>P</i> = 0.596), but the level of vitamin D was significantly higher in the 600 units of vitamin D group (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The level of calcium was higher in the 400 units of vitamin D group, but this difference was slightly significant (<i>P</i> = 0.062). The level of phosphorus in the 600 units of vitamin D group was higher than in the 400 units of vitamin D group, and the difference was slightly significant (<i>P</i> = 0.062).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that daily doses of 600 and 400 units of vitamin D in infants with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks had no effect on the incidence of clinical symptoms and radiological findings of rickets at the age of 5 weeks.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information Capsule: A New Approach for Summarizing Medical Information.","authors":"Mozhdeh Hashemzadeh, Alireza Rahimi, Mohammad Allahbakhsh, Peyman Adibi, Hossein Beigi-Harchegani","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_254_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_254_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The diversities of medical information resources and health information needs in recent years have caused another form of summarization and abstract writing to appear in the information capsule (IC) versus various types of abstracts. The present study was conducted with the aim to analyze the current IC, giving a unique definition and a standard structure for the development of an IC, and how it can be represented and implemented.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted in three phases in the form of a qualitative study. In the first phase, a library review study was done on the relevant websites and international databases, such as PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Embase. In the second phase, the results of the previous stage were discussed with a panel of experts. In the third phase, a suggested frame for an IC was stated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A specific structure was suggested for IC so that, in addition to having parts of similar cases, they had extra parts. The suggested frame includes title, name of the IC writers and reviewers, question or goals, design or methods, setting, patient or community of the study, result, commentary, citation, topic, picture, and tag and can be used in different fields.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Due to the importance of IC in summarizing information, our suggested structure should be used in other fields and be subject to trial and error.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presence and Search for Meaning in Life as Cognitive Schemas for Positive Mental Health.","authors":"Justin Vianey M Embalsado","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_353_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_353_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Burden of Hepatitis B at Different Stages of the Disease: A Systematic Review Study.","authors":"Shima Bordbar, Marziye Hadian, Elaheh Mazaheri, Zahra Shoara, Abdosaleh Jafari","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_3_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_3_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Viral hepatitis is the most prevalent liver disease in the world. This disease imposes a great economic burden on families and the health system. This study was conducted to investigate the economic burden of hepatitis B at different ages of the disease using a systematic review method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the systematic review method, the researcher extracted articles related to the economic burden of hepatitis B at different stages of the disease using domestic and international databases including SID, MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, NHS Economic Evaluation Database (EED), EconLit, and Google Scholar before April 2020 and used the PICOTS framework to select the inclusion criteria. Quality assessment of methodology of the studies was evaluated using Drummond's checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After searching for articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 articles were included in the final analysis. The findings showed that the highest mean direct medical costs were $ 2748 for chronic hepatitis B, $ 18903 for compensated cirrhosis, $35668 for decompensated cirrhosis, and $93228 for liver cancer. In all of the studies, the highest mean direct medical costs were those of liver transplantation ($ 355000).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The treatment costs of diseases related to chronic hepatitis B increase significantly at different stages the disease progression. Although vaccination actions can reduce the disease, we require more investment in the health system infrastructure to provide patients' access to hepatitis drugs and reduce their direct payments.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing an Impact-Oriented Model of Research and Technology Evaluation: An Experience of I.R.Iran.","authors":"Katayoun Falahat, Monir Baradaran Eftekhari, Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard, Elham Ghalenoee, Hanieh Shakeri","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_146_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_146_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research impact assessment is already being institutionalized in health research and innovation systems. In developing countries, there are many different research assessment models which have focused more on research output in academic levels and less on impact.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is designing an Iranian impact-oriented model of research and technology evaluation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This is a mixed study. In the quantitative part, by reviewing the literature, a list of research impact indicators that existed were gathered, reviewed, and scored by participants on importance, relevance, and measurability via a 5-point Likert scale. All indicators with a mean score equal to or greater than 3.5 entered the qualitative part, which were discussed in depth by engaging key stakeholders regarding their validity and feasibility through focus groups, interviews, and expert panels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Iranian research impact evaluation model was developed with four main pillars (including input and process, output, outcome, and impact), four areas (stewardship, advancing knowledge and translation, technology, and impact), and 30 indicators through key stakeholders participation in the Iranian health research system.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This model has been introduced as the first model designed to evaluate the impact of health research and can be one of the most important tools for allocating limited funding resources while maximizing the desired impact of research in the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stomach, Esophageal, and Lung Cancer Mortality Risk and Their Shared Risk Factors in Iran: A County-Level Spatial Analysis.","authors":"Shadi Ghasemi, Emanuela Dreassi, Ardeshir Khosravi, Behzad Mahaki","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_222_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_222_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disease mapping has a long history in epidemiology. Evaluating the spatial pattern of several diseases, as well as shared and specific risk factors in mortality, is considered one of the applications of disease mapping. Stomach, esophageal, and lung cancers are among the five most common cancers among both genders in Iran. The present study aimed to investigate the geographical distribution of the relative risk of mortality and to define the spatial pattern of shared and specific risk factors for the three cancers mentioned above by sharing their mortality data at the province and county levels in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this ecological study, the mortality data of stomach, esophageal, and lung cancers were analyzed in Iran from March 2013 to March 2015. The Besag, York, and Mollie's (BYM) and shared component (SC) models were used to compare the spatial variations of the relative risks of those cancers by applying OpenBUGS version 3.2.3 and R version 3.6.3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of deaths from esophageal, stomach, and lung cancers in Iran during March 2013-March 2014 was 11,720, of which stomach and lung cancers were 50% and 30%, respectively. In this period, stomach, esophageal, and lung cancer mortality rates were 9, 2, and 7 per 100,000 individuals, respectively. The spatial pattern of the stomach and esophageal cancer mortality was more similar to lung cancer due to the risk factors shared only between esophageal and stomach cancers. The relative risk for esophageal and stomach cancers was significantly higher in the northern half of Iran than in the southern half. However, the dispersion of the relative risk of lung cancer was higher than the other two cancers. The highest RR for esophageal, stomach, and lung cancers were in West Azerbaijan and East Azerbaijan provinces. The lowest relative risk for esophageal and stomach cancers was Hormozgan and for lung cancer was Ilam.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Some differences were observed in the achieved patterns of provinces and counties, the most significant factor of which was related to considering smaller areas. As indicated in this study, high-risk areas can be identified easier by analyzing and mapping the diseases on a smaller scale and more accurate, less expensive, and faster health policies, and plans can be adopted to identify and reduce the risk factors related to diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy and Executive Barriers in Preventing and Eradicating Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ali Sarabi Asiabar, Alireza Jabbari, Aziz Rezapour, Mohammadreza Jabbari Khanbebin, Pezhman Atafimanesh, Elaheh Mazaheri, Marziye Hadian","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_251_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_251_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tropical diseases inflict many of those living in tropical and subtropical areas each year. These populations because of these diseases suffer considerable financial and human losses. Some of these diseases are known as Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) and they can be highly dangerous. Still, they have not received the attention they need. Given the necessity of eliminating these diseases, the present study is an attempt to examine the reasons for unsuccessful attempts to eliminate diseases like NTDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current study was a systematic analysis of literature on neglected tropical diseases that were found in the databases of the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Pro Quest, Cochrane, and Embase before April 2023. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) for articles and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria were used to conduct the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the systematic search, 3193 papers were found and after the elimination of duplicates and irrelevant ones, a total of 28 articles remained to examine the challenges to eradicate neglected tropical diseases. Four themes were found for the challenges of controlling and eliminating neglected tropic diseases including drawbacks of programs for disease management policies, environmental challenges, executive challenges, and research field challenges. Thirty-six subthemes were obtained in this study, which showed cases such as the presence of immigrants and refugees, weaknesses in public health infrastructure and programs, dynamic epidemiological settings, lack of executive prioritization appropriate to endemic countries, and highly customized research infrastructures. Ending neglected tropical diseases requires an innovative roadmap and global cooperation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To achieve important eradication goals, measures such as acceleration in practice are needed to plan, intensify executive and operational approaches, change application models, innovate processes, and promote culture are needed. In addition, to make possible the elimination of neglected tropical diseases, there is an undeniable need for providing financial, human, and research resources. In addition, there is a need for efficient health infrastructure management, paying attention to migrants and refugees, setting explicit targets, prioritizing based on local conditions, and paying more attention to political and social developments.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medication use Pattern among the Elderly in Iran: A Review Article.","authors":"Tayebe Arab Jafari, Parvaneh Abazari, Ali Mohammad Sabzghabaee","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_142_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_142_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suffering from multiple diseases simultaneously has turned the elderly into the largest group of drug users in society. On the other hand, the situation of the pattern of drug consumption by the elderly vulnerable group has received less attention. The present study was conducted to determine the pattern of drug consumption among the elderly in the country between 2010 and 2023. The present study is a narrative review. Based on the defined keywords, a targeted search has been conducted in available Persian and English databases. 114 articles were found, and by removing duplicates and appraisal of abstracts based on the inclusion criteria and the purpose of the research, finally, 14 articles (8 English and 6 Persian) were analyzed. The most common drugs used by the elderly in Iran were cardiovascular, pain relievers, and digestive drugs, and more than 90% of the drugs were taken orally. Also, according to the findings, polypharmacy is common among the elderly in the country, and with the increase in the number of drugs used, self-administration of drugs, non-adherence to drugs, and the use of potentially inappropriate drugs have also increased. Previous recovery experience and easy access to medicine are also mentioned as the most important factors of self-treatment. The use of drugs by the Iranian elderly does not follow a logical pattern, which can not only lead to serious consequences in the health status of this age group but will also have significant economic and social consequences for the elderly and their families, the health system, and the society.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case-control Study on the Association of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption with Risk of Breast Cancer.","authors":"Reza Ramezani, Leila Azadbakht, Sanaz Benisi-Kohansal, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh, Alireza Milajerdi","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_129_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_129_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited data are available linking dietary intake of fruit and vegetables to breast cancer, in particular among the Middle Eastern population. The present study was done to investigate the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with the risk of breast cancer in Iranian adult women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dietary intake of fruit and vegetables was assessed using a validated 106-item Willett-format semi-quantitative dish-based food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and breast cancer. Women aged >30 years, residing in Isfahan, Iran from July 2013 to July 2015. Breast cancer was diagnosed during the maximum of the last 6 months by physical examination and mammography findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, data on 350 cases and 700 controls were analyzed. After controlling for potential confounders, participants with the highest dietary intake of fruits had higher odds of breast cancer than those with the lowest intake (odds ratio [OR]: 8.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.37-15.50), while those who consumed highest amounts of vegetables were less likely to have breast cancer than their counterparts (OR: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.06-0.24). Although no significant associations were found between dietary intakes of fruits and vegetables and risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women, significant positive association between fruit consumption and breast cancer (OR: 16.80; 95% CI: 7.80, 36.21; <i>P</i> < .001) was observed in postmenopausal women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found an inverse association between dietary intake of vegetables and breast cancer. Fruit consumption was significantly associated with greater odds of breast cancer in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physician Suicide Code as a Health Warning.","authors":"Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan, Omid Barghi","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_5_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_5_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}