International Journal of Preventive Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Serum 25-Hydroxy Cholecalciferol in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.","authors":"Reza Ramezani, Parivash Ghorbaninejad, Masoumeh Eslahi, Leila Sheikhi, Fatemeh Abbasi, Mohaddeseh Hasanzadeh, Saba Mohammadpour, Alireza Milajerdi","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_133_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_133_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Earlier studies about the influence of vitamin D (Vit D) supplementation on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) reported inconsistent results. Current comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of Vit D supplementation on clinical and subclinical factors in patients with IBD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of Vit D supplementation in IBD patients, published up to March 2023. Data were analyzed by the random-effect model. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's <i>Q</i> test and I-square (<i>I</i> ²) statistic. The mean differences (MDs) were calculated as the summary effect size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included nine related articles, and our findings indicated that vitamin D administration increased serum vitamin D levels compared to placebo (weighted mean difference (WMD): 12.08; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 9.06, 15.09; <i>I</i> ² = 97.01%; <i>P</i> < 0.001) in IBD patients. However, it had no significant influence on disease activity (standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.27; 95% CI: -0.42, 0.95; I² = 91.7%; <i>P</i> < 0.001) or serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD: -1.42; 95% CI: -3.90, 1.06; I² = 41.9%; <i>P</i> = 0.262).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Current meta-analysis showed a significant effect of Vit D supplementation on increasing serum cholecalciferol. However, no significant effects of Vit D supplementation on the disease activity and serum levels of CRP were seen. Further studies are needed to expand current knowledge in this issue and found a significant increment in serum 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol concentrations following Vit D supplementation in IBD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11687679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Lifestyle Impact.","authors":"Shashi Mathur, Pratibha Singh","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_297_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_297_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory infections, a global health priority according to the World Health Organization, cause around 7.5 million deaths annually, constituting 14% of global mortality. Beyond severe health implications, these diseases exacerbate social disparities and impose a substantial economic burden. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) combines chronic bronchitis (airway inflammation) and emphysema (air sac destruction) caused by prolonged exposure to irritants, and poor lifestyle choices lead to airway blockage and breathing difficulties. Lifestyle choices significantly influence health trajectories, evidenced by a consistent increase in \"positive comfort\" over time. A Chinese study highlights the correlation between adopting a healthy lifestyle and increased life expectancy. European health initiatives address these challenges, emphasizing early detection through large-scale health camps to identify new cases and assess severity. Exacerbation and infections are primary triggers, with bacteria and viruses requiring antibiotic interventions. Awareness campaigns targeting causes, symptoms, and prevention, including childhood infection initiatives with influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations, are crucial. Motivating smoking cessation and encouraging whole grain, fruit, and vegetable consumption mitigate lung oxidative damage. Promoting physical activity and addressing environmental pollution contribute to overall lung health. Timely nutritional evaluations for newly diagnosed cases manage obesity and malnutrition and prevent further lung function deterioration. There is growing attention toward the influence of poor lifestyle choices like sedentary lifestyle, environmental exposure, and unhealthy dietary patterns on the increased risk of COPD development besides smoking. This essay explores these factors, recognizing the intricate interplay between lifestyle and COPD prevention and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11687689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Efficacy of Irisin Injection in Mimicking the Molecular Responses Induced by Endurance Exercise in Mouse Liver Tissue.","authors":"Shirin Shahabi, Fahimeh Esfarjani, Saeed Zamani, Fahimeh Zamani Rarani, Bahman Rashidi","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_124_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_124_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical activity has been found to improve liver health by reducing oxidative stress (OS), possibly through the protein irisin. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) help regulate the body's response to stress and maintain cellular health. This study aimed to investigate the expression of the HSP70 gene and protein, miR-223a, and serum irisin levels in the liver after 8 weeks of endurance exercise or irisin injection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-one mice were randomly assigned to a control group, an endurance training group, and an irisin injection group. The expression of the HSP70 gene and miR-223a was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while HSP70 protein levels were measured using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot analysis. The concentration of irisin in the mouse serum was evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The endurance training and irisin injection groups exhibited a significant increase in the HSP70 gene (405.30% and 816.03%, respectively) and protein expression (173.89% in IHC, 36.76% in Western blot for endurance training; 206.73% in IHC, 59.80% in Western blot for irisin injection) as well as elevated serum irisin levels (49.75% for endurance training and 60.65% for irisin injection) compared with the control group. In contrast, miR-223a expression decreased in both the endurance training (21.37%) and irisin injection (52.80%) groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05 in all cases). Mice in the irisin injection group demonstrated higher levels of the HSP70 gene (81.28%) and protein expression (11.99% in IHC and 16.84% in Western blot) and lower miR-223a levels (39.97%) than those in the endurance training group (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study concludes that irisin administration can replicate the effects of long-term endurance exercise on HSP70 and miR-223a and may have a more significant impact on their production than exercise training alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11687683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Associate between Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index and Periodontal Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Hanie Hosseini, Mohammad Javad Askari, Hossein Rouhani, Mohammad Hossein Nikbakht, Farinaz Shirban, Mohammad Bagherniya, Gholamreza Askari","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_355_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_355_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have shown that the dietary inflammatory index (DII) is associated with different health outcomes. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between DII and oral health. We aimed to assess the association between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) and periodontal disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 213 Iranian participants. E-DII was calculated based on the data obtained by the food frequency questionnaire. The plaque control index was measured by the O'Leary method. Gingivitis was evaluated based on the signs of inflammation in the gums. The Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) are based on the number of decayed, filled, and missed teeth resulting from caries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>the score of E-DII among subjects in the last tertile of the E-DII was ≥ -0.33/. Therefore, participants of the present study did not consume a high proinflammatory diet. No significant correlation between E-DII and dental plaque control index (r = 0.046, <i>P</i> = 0.518), gingival index (r = 0.001, <i>P</i> = 0.998), and DMFT (r = -0.021, <i>P</i> = 0.762) was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, inflammatory diet and plaque and gingival index were not associated; it should also be investigated in prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11687688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Daily Dose of 400 and 600 Units of Vitamin D in the Prevention of Osteopenia of Prematurity in Infants with a Gestational Age of Less Than and Equal to 32 Weeks.","authors":"Behzad Barekatain, Shima Hamidipour, Zohreh Badiei, Maryam Farghadani","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_236_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_236_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of vitamin D in premature infants is one of the important preventive factors for osteopenia of prematurity, but there are conflicting results on the appropriate doses, so this study aimed to compare the doses of 400 and 600 units of vitamin D in the prevention of osteopenia of prematurity in infants with a gestational age ≤32 weeks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This clinical trial study was conducted on 108 premature infants divided into two groups of 54 with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks born between 2020 and 2021 in Shahid Beheshti and Al-Zahrai hospitals in Isfahan. In the first group, daily vitamin D was 400 units from the 7^th day of birth, and in the second group, it was 600 units. At the age of 5 weeks, levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and vitamin D were evaluated. If the ALP level was above 1000, wrist radiography was requested. Also, the baby was examined for clinical symptoms of rickets at the age of 5 weeks. The data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26, and a P value <0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, there was no significant difference between the levels of ALP in the two groups (<i>P</i> = 0.596), but the level of vitamin D was significantly higher in the 600 units of vitamin D group (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The level of calcium was higher in the 400 units of vitamin D group, but this difference was slightly significant (<i>P</i> = 0.062). The level of phosphorus in the 600 units of vitamin D group was higher than in the 400 units of vitamin D group, and the difference was slightly significant (<i>P</i> = 0.062).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that daily doses of 600 and 400 units of vitamin D in infants with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks had no effect on the incidence of clinical symptoms and radiological findings of rickets at the age of 5 weeks.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information Capsule: A New Approach for Summarizing Medical Information.","authors":"Mozhdeh Hashemzadeh, Alireza Rahimi, Mohammad Allahbakhsh, Peyman Adibi, Hossein Beigi-Harchegani","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_254_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_254_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The diversities of medical information resources and health information needs in recent years have caused another form of summarization and abstract writing to appear in the information capsule (IC) versus various types of abstracts. The present study was conducted with the aim to analyze the current IC, giving a unique definition and a standard structure for the development of an IC, and how it can be represented and implemented.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted in three phases in the form of a qualitative study. In the first phase, a library review study was done on the relevant websites and international databases, such as PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Embase. In the second phase, the results of the previous stage were discussed with a panel of experts. In the third phase, a suggested frame for an IC was stated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A specific structure was suggested for IC so that, in addition to having parts of similar cases, they had extra parts. The suggested frame includes title, name of the IC writers and reviewers, question or goals, design or methods, setting, patient or community of the study, result, commentary, citation, topic, picture, and tag and can be used in different fields.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Due to the importance of IC in summarizing information, our suggested structure should be used in other fields and be subject to trial and error.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presence and Search for Meaning in Life as Cognitive Schemas for Positive Mental Health.","authors":"Justin Vianey M Embalsado","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_353_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_353_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Burden of Hepatitis B at Different Stages of the Disease: A Systematic Review Study.","authors":"Shima Bordbar, Marziye Hadian, Elaheh Mazaheri, Zahra Shoara, Abdosaleh Jafari","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_3_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_3_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Viral hepatitis is the most prevalent liver disease in the world. This disease imposes a great economic burden on families and the health system. This study was conducted to investigate the economic burden of hepatitis B at different ages of the disease using a systematic review method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the systematic review method, the researcher extracted articles related to the economic burden of hepatitis B at different stages of the disease using domestic and international databases including SID, MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, NHS Economic Evaluation Database (EED), EconLit, and Google Scholar before April 2020 and used the PICOTS framework to select the inclusion criteria. Quality assessment of methodology of the studies was evaluated using Drummond's checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After searching for articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 articles were included in the final analysis. The findings showed that the highest mean direct medical costs were $ 2748 for chronic hepatitis B, $ 18903 for compensated cirrhosis, $35668 for decompensated cirrhosis, and $93228 for liver cancer. In all of the studies, the highest mean direct medical costs were those of liver transplantation ($ 355000).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The treatment costs of diseases related to chronic hepatitis B increase significantly at different stages the disease progression. Although vaccination actions can reduce the disease, we require more investment in the health system infrastructure to provide patients' access to hepatitis drugs and reduce their direct payments.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing an Impact-Oriented Model of Research and Technology Evaluation: An Experience of I.R.Iran.","authors":"Katayoun Falahat, Monir Baradaran Eftekhari, Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard, Elham Ghalenoee, Hanieh Shakeri","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_146_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_146_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research impact assessment is already being institutionalized in health research and innovation systems. In developing countries, there are many different research assessment models which have focused more on research output in academic levels and less on impact.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is designing an Iranian impact-oriented model of research and technology evaluation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This is a mixed study. In the quantitative part, by reviewing the literature, a list of research impact indicators that existed were gathered, reviewed, and scored by participants on importance, relevance, and measurability via a 5-point Likert scale. All indicators with a mean score equal to or greater than 3.5 entered the qualitative part, which were discussed in depth by engaging key stakeholders regarding their validity and feasibility through focus groups, interviews, and expert panels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Iranian research impact evaluation model was developed with four main pillars (including input and process, output, outcome, and impact), four areas (stewardship, advancing knowledge and translation, technology, and impact), and 30 indicators through key stakeholders participation in the Iranian health research system.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This model has been introduced as the first model designed to evaluate the impact of health research and can be one of the most important tools for allocating limited funding resources while maximizing the desired impact of research in the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stomach, Esophageal, and Lung Cancer Mortality Risk and Their Shared Risk Factors in Iran: A County-Level Spatial Analysis.","authors":"Shadi Ghasemi, Emanuela Dreassi, Ardeshir Khosravi, Behzad Mahaki","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_222_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_222_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disease mapping has a long history in epidemiology. Evaluating the spatial pattern of several diseases, as well as shared and specific risk factors in mortality, is considered one of the applications of disease mapping. Stomach, esophageal, and lung cancers are among the five most common cancers among both genders in Iran. The present study aimed to investigate the geographical distribution of the relative risk of mortality and to define the spatial pattern of shared and specific risk factors for the three cancers mentioned above by sharing their mortality data at the province and county levels in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this ecological study, the mortality data of stomach, esophageal, and lung cancers were analyzed in Iran from March 2013 to March 2015. The Besag, York, and Mollie's (BYM) and shared component (SC) models were used to compare the spatial variations of the relative risks of those cancers by applying OpenBUGS version 3.2.3 and R version 3.6.3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of deaths from esophageal, stomach, and lung cancers in Iran during March 2013-March 2014 was 11,720, of which stomach and lung cancers were 50% and 30%, respectively. In this period, stomach, esophageal, and lung cancer mortality rates were 9, 2, and 7 per 100,000 individuals, respectively. The spatial pattern of the stomach and esophageal cancer mortality was more similar to lung cancer due to the risk factors shared only between esophageal and stomach cancers. The relative risk for esophageal and stomach cancers was significantly higher in the northern half of Iran than in the southern half. However, the dispersion of the relative risk of lung cancer was higher than the other two cancers. The highest RR for esophageal, stomach, and lung cancers were in West Azerbaijan and East Azerbaijan provinces. The lowest relative risk for esophageal and stomach cancers was Hormozgan and for lung cancer was Ilam.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Some differences were observed in the achieved patterns of provinces and counties, the most significant factor of which was related to considering smaller areas. As indicated in this study, high-risk areas can be identified easier by analyzing and mapping the diseases on a smaller scale and more accurate, less expensive, and faster health policies, and plans can be adopted to identify and reduce the risk factors related to diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}