International Journal of Preventive Medicine最新文献

{"title":"<i>GLP-1</i> Receptor Agonists: A Paradigm Shift in Cardiovascular Prevention Beyond Diabetes.","authors":"Ahmed A Almohammadi","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_388_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_388_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of GnRH Agonist Therapy in Boys with Central Precocious Puberty: A Systematic Review of Final Height and Long-Term Health Effects.","authors":"Elham Hashemi, Najmeh Tavousi, Mahin Hashemipour, Neda Mostofizadeh, Noushin Rostampour, Niloufar Amini","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_120_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_120_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Central precocious puberty (CPP) in boys can result in accelerated growth, early epiphyseal fusion, and reduced adult height. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) are commonly used to delay pubertal progression and preserve growth potential. However, data on their long-term effects on final height, bone health, and body mass index (BMI) remain limited. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the outcomes of GnRH agonist therapy in boys with CPP, focusing on final height and reported side effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted across five databases for studies published from 2000 to 2023. Studies included boys with idiopathic or non-idiopathic CPP treated with GnRH agonists, reporting outcomes related to final height, BMI, or bone health. Data were synthesized qualitatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GnRH agonist therapy significantly improved final height outcomes, particularly in idiopathic CPP cases, with boys often achieving heights near or exceeding their genetic target. Non-idiopathic CPP cases showed more variable results. Bone health assessments were limited, and long-term impacts on bone mineral density (BMD) remain unclear. Transient increases in BMI were observed during therapy, with no substantial long-term risk of obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In general, no serious side effects were reported. GnRH agonist therapy is effective in improving final height in boys with CPP, especially in idiopathic cases. However, more research is needed to understand its long-term effects on bone health and metabolic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to Editor about Effect of Dried <i>Ziziphus jujube</i> Consumption on Plasma Insulin, Blood Pressure, Oxidative Stress, and Advanced Glycation End Products in Diabetic Patients with Excess Weight: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Mubashira Noor, Aleeza Abid, Mehlab Ansari, Saman A Khan","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_337_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_337_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Eating Disorders Among Young Adults in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Sariya Khan, Ayesha Mohtashim Jamal, Dana Kauther, Husna Irfan Thalib, Mazen Ahmed Alayidh, Eyad Ibrahim Alghamdi, Hadiyah Nadeem, Nadeem Muhammad Ikram","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_22_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_22_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Eating disorders (ED) are complex mental health conditions that can affect individuals of all ages, with a higher prevalence observed among young adults aged 18-26. They involve disruptions in eating behaviors, thoughts, and emotions, leading to significant physical and psychological implications. There is currently a lack of ED prevalence studies in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. By conducting such studies, healthcare professionals and policymakers can utilize the data to identify at-risk populations, evaluate the burden of ED in the region, and develop evidence-based strategies to address this pressing public health issue. Furthermore, prevalence studies can help raise awareness about ED, reduce stigma, and improve access to timely and appropriate care for individuals in need.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 6-month cross-sectional descriptive study between September 2023 and February 2024, including 390 young adults aged 18-26 residing in the Western region of Saudi Arabia, using an Arabic translation of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, was carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the course of this study, 403 participants were surveyed, and 390 of them were included in the analysis. The mean age of included participants was 20.41 for males (<i>n</i> = 167) and 19.71 for females (<i>n</i> = 223). Complying with the recommended cutoff score of 2.8 for ED screening, the suspected prevalence of ED in this study is 20.5% and showed high gender association: 26.5% of females and 12.6% of males (<i>P</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current study presents a high prevalence (20.5%) of disordered eating behaviors in adolescents in the Western region of Saudi Arabia, especially in females, and shows a high correlation with BMI. Further prevalence studies with larger sample sizes in the Western region of Saudi Arabia, especially within male populations, are required for developing enhanced screening methods and more targeted awareness campaigns.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Correlates of Impostor Syndrome and Self-Esteem among Medical Students.","authors":"Mubashir Zafar, Nada Mohammed Albeladi, Noor Munawer Alrashidi, Ahad Radhi Alrashidi, Shatha Ayyadhah Alanazi, Meshal Jameel Alharbi, Salem A Almijrad, Redwan Mohammed Mulla","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_291_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_291_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Imposter syndrome (IS) and low self-esteem (SE) are prevalent challenges among medical students that can negatively influence their well-being and personal growth. This study sought to determine the prevalence of IS and SE, as well as the factors related to these issues, in medical students at a public sector university.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study, which was conducted in a public sector university; total 350 participants were recruited through stratified random sampling; validated and structured questionnaires were used; logistic regression and correlation tests were used to determine the relationship between SE and IS; and <i>P-</i>value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower family income, particularly the lowest category (0-10,000 Saudi Rial (SR)), was significantly associated with increased odds of IS (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =1.77, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.03-3.03, <i>P</i> = 0.036). Students with the highest GPAs (4-5) were significantly more likely to experience IS compared to those with lower GPAs (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.06-3.82, <i>P</i> = 0.033), 20.3% of participants had severe IS, 23.1% had low SE, and SE generally improved progressively from first to fifth-year students; very high achievers sometimes experienced lower SE linked to IS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IS and low SE are prevalent among medical students, Lower family income and higher academic achievement were significantly associated with increased odds of IS. Medical schools should implement targeted support programs to address IS and boost SE, particularly for students from lower-income backgrounds and high achievers.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a Spiritual Intervention on Weight Loss, Quality of Life, and Health Behaviors in Overweight Iranian Women.","authors":"Seyedeh Asma Hosseini, Harold G Koenig, Aboozar Poormohammadi","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_93_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_93_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a spiritual intervention on weight loss, quality of life, and health behaviors in overweight Iranian women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The intervention in 10 participants consisted of six 45-60 minute sessions held weekly. A third assessment was conducted two months after the last session. Measures included an assessment of demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), a Religious Health Promoting Behaviors Inventory (RHPBI), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). The sessions focused on healthy eating tips and exposure to the principle of \"godliness versus selfishness.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that those in the intervention group experienced significant weight loss and significant improvement in quality of life and health behaviors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In societies with a spiritual and religious context, healthy lifestyle interventions with a religious approach can be more helpful because the interventions are socially and culturally consistent with them.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First 1000 Critical Days: Determinants of Adverse Birth Outcomes in the Sari Birth Cohort, Iran.","authors":"Fereshteh Rostami-Maskopaee, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Aghdas Ebadi Jamkhane, Mohammad Sadegh Rezai","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_343_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_343_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adverse birth outcomes (ABOs) during the first 1000 days of life are key indicators for evaluating reproductive health and impose heavy burdens on the healthcare system. Given the limited data on ABOs in Mazandaran Province, this study aimed to investigate ABOs and their associated factors among pregnant women in the Sari Birth Cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study was initiated in 2017 with 3000 pregnant women from northern Iran. Participants were followed until delivery or the occurrence of miscarriage, stillbirth, maternal or neonatal death. ABOs included miscarriage, stillbirth, low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA), and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Log-binomial regression in Stata 14 used to identify factors associated with ABOs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 2962 mothers and 2386 children were analyzed. Nearly one fifth of mothers experienced at least one ABOs. The most common ABOs were preterm birth (10.09%), SGA (7.91%), and LBW (6.29%). During the follow-up, two maternal and nine neonatal deaths occurred. The multivariable Log-binomial regression analysis indicated a significantly higher risk of ABOs among women with lower education (aRR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.09-2.51), chronic diseases (aRR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.01-1.39), and adverse pregnancy history (aRR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.03-1.46).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results showed that ABOs associated with lower levels of maternal education, chronic diseases, and adverse pregnancy history. These factors are modifiable; therefore, planning and implementing targeted interventions such as reproductive health education, management of chronic diseases, and care for high-risk mothers can help reduce complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integrated Conceptual Framework Illustrating the Overlap Between Public Health, Community Medicine, and Preventive Medicine Across the Health System.","authors":"Abdulhameed A Alharbi","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_485_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_485_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prevention is a core function of health systems, yet the conceptual relationships among prevention-oriented disciplines are not always clearly articulated. Public health, community medicine, and preventive medicine share common preventive goals but differ in scope, level of action, and proximity to clinical practice. This lack of conceptual clarity may affect education, training pathways, and shared understanding of preventive functions across health systems. This article presents an integrated conceptual framework that illustrates how preventive action is distributed across the health system, highlighting areas of overlap among public health, community medicine, and preventive medicine. The framework positions public health as an overarching domain encompassing policy and regulatory functions, population-based health services, and facility-based preventive services. Community medicine is situated within this domain with a stronger emphasis on applied prevention at population and facility levels. Preventive medicine is conceptualized as a multi-level discipline that aligns with population-based and facility-based prevention, while uniquely extending preventive action into direct clinical practice through clinical preventive services. The framework also emphasizes the bidirectional relationship between applied prevention and health policy, and clarifies the limited yet meaningful interface between clinical preventive services and curative care. By visualizing these relationships, the framework provides a conceptual and educational tool to support coherent understanding of prevention across population, community, facility, and clinical contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food-Based Dietary Inflammatory Index in Relation to Breast Cancer.","authors":"Niloofar Eshaghian, Yaser Sharif, Omid Sadeghi, Sanaz Benisi-Kohansal, Leila Azadbakht, Gholamreza Askari, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_262_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_262_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is no study on the association between food-based dietary inflammatory index (FDII) and odds of breast cancer. This study was conducted to investigate the association between FDII and odds of breast cancer in Iranian women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this population-based case-control study, we enrolled 350 pathologically confirmed new cases of breast cancer and 700 controls which were matched with cases in terms of age and socioeconomic status. FDII score was calculated based on participants' dietary intakes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant positive association was found between FDII and odds of breast cancer (odds ratio [OR]: 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.88); such that after taking potential confounders into account, women in the highest tertile of FDII score were 1.52 time more likely to have breast cancer compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.05-2.18). Such a significant positive association was also observed among postmenopausal women, either before (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.09-2.14) or after (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.05-2.27) controlling for covariates. The same association was also observed in normal-weight women, and it remained significant even after controlling for potential confounders (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.04-2.41).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found a significant positive association between FDII and the odds of breast cancer in women, particularly postmenopausal ones.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Role of Octreotide in Acute and Chronic Lung Injuries.","authors":"Ghasem Zarei, Zahra Pezeshki, Samira Choopani, Behnoush Mohammadi, Ardeshir Talebi, Mehdi Nematbakhsh","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_245_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_245_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been the prominent concern in the clinic. Special attentions have been made to investigate the pathophysiological and pharmacological aspects of acute and chronic lung injuries. Appropriate drug treatment is the first priority in the treatment process of this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of octreotide (OCT), a somatostatin analog, on the models of acute and chronic lung injuries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two models of acute and chronic lung injuries were performed by intratracheal injection of hydrochloric acid, and four groups were investigated for each model including sham control, octreotide alone, lung injury, and lung injury treated with OCT. In each group, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured directly, and blood cell counts, including red, white, and immune cells, were determined. The severity of lung injury was considered by lung tissue histology and arterial blood gas parameters. The function of kidneys as distance organs also was considered by the determination of biochemical parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that OCT potentially can improve blood pressure and blood cell parameters. The arterial blood gas indicators and histological lung scores were also improved by OCT in both models of acute and chronic lung injuries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OCT had multiple effects, such as the inhibition of immune cell infiltration storm, which can reduce acute and chronic lung injuries in rats. These data suggest that OCT should be considered as a therapeutic drug for lung injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}