International journal of sports physiology and performance最新文献

{"title":"A Cross-National Survey of Basketball Strength and Conditioning Coaches' Warm-Up Practices.","authors":"Enrique Flórez-Gil, Daniel Boullosa, Julio Calleja-González, Alejandro Vaquera","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the warm-up practices implemented by strength and conditioning coaches in basketball prior to practices and games. Methods: A total of 88 strength and conditioning coaches from 19 countries, representing leagues such as the NBA, Women's NBA, Euroleague, and International Basketball Federation, completed a semistructured online survey comprising 15 questions. The survey explored various aspects of warm-up routines, including objectives, components, duration, methods, and equipment used. Data were stratified by team gender and competition level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most frequently reported warm-up objectives were injury prevention (83%), general physical preparation (80.7%), and increasing body temperature (69.3%). Prepractice warm-ups most commonly lasted between 10 and 15 minutes (48.9%), whereas pregame warm-ups lasting more than 30 minutes were reported by 38.6% of coaches in men's teams and 44.4% in women's teams. Strengthening exercises were the most frequently included component, appearing in 93.2% of prepractice and 84.1% of pregame routines. Basketball-specific drills were predominantly used in pregame warm-ups (92%). A mixed approach combining individual and group exercises was the most commonly adopted format (80.7%). In addition, 82.6% of coaches reported using a variety of equipment including resistance bands and foam rollers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings highlight current warm-up practices employed in basketball settings, underlining the importance of developing structured and context-specific protocols that balance performance optimization and injury prevention. These results provide practical implications for strength and conditioning coaches and serve as a foundation for future research on warm-up strategies in basketball.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the Reign of Velocity: Ballistic Training Enhances Rapid Force Production in Chronically Strength-Trained Athletes.","authors":"Edoardo Lecce, Ruggero Romagnoli, Nicola A Maffiuletti, Giorgio Frinolli, Francesco Felici, Maria Francesca Piacentini, Ilenia Bazzucchi","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Rapid force production relies upon neuromuscular mechanisms differing from those underlying maximal strength. In chronically strength-trained individuals, specific adaptations in rapid force variables (RFVs)-both absolute and normalized to maximal force capacity-following resistance training with ballistic versus controlled contractions remain underexplored. Therefore, we examined whether improvements in maximal propulsive power (MaxPP) coincide with RFV responses, specifically, rate of force development (RFD) and impulse.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten elite athletes (female n = 5) underwent maximal-intended-velocity (MIV) training and were compared with 10 (female n = 5) elite athletes performing moderate-velocity (MOV) training lasting 4 weeks. One-maximum repetition (1RM), MaxPP, and RFVs (RFD and impulse) were assessed at baseline and following 4 weeks of training.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups exhibited significant increases in 1RM (MIV: +13.9 kg, P < .001; MOV: +14.4 kg, P < .001). Although absolute MaxPP, RFD, and impulse improved in both groups, only the MIV group showed significant enhancements when normalized to 1RM (MaxPP: +13 W %1RM-1, P = .002; RFD: +61% 1RM·s-1, P = .004; impulse: +5% 1RM·s, P = .01). In contrast, MOV training reduced normalized MaxPP (-3 W %1RM-1, P = .04) and RFD (-15% 1RM·s-1, P = .02), with no significant change in impulse. A positive association was observed between improvements in MaxPP and RFD (P < .01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings recognize ballistic contractions as the primary driver of improvements in RFVs among chronically strength-trained individuals. The parallel increase in MaxPP and RFD underscores the intrinsic relationship between the physiological capacity for rapid force generation and the resultant contraction speed, with the velocity demands placed on the neuromuscular system during resistance training governing these adaptations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis Between National-Level and Young Professional Road Cyclists: A Psychophysiological Approach.","authors":"Thibaud Pirlot, Bertrand Baron, Victor Scholler, Frédéric Grappe, Benjamin Pageaux, Alain Groslambert","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While physiological predictors like maximal oxygen uptake and lactate threshold are well established in cycling, psychological factors such as affective load and effort perception remain less studied.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to explore the possible differences in psychophysiological responses between professional and national-level cyclists during a race simulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four male cyclists (12 professionals and 12 national level) matched for V˙O2max (75.2 [5.9] vs 74.3 [7.1] mL·min-1·kg-1) performed a 60-minute treadmill cycling test simulating race-end conditions. Power output (PO), heart rate, respiratory frequency, electroencephalographic-derived neural efficiency, perceptual responses (effort, pain, pleasure), and motivation were recorded. Professionals trained 795 (120) h·y-1, compared with 388 (202) h·y-1 for nationals. Exercise intensities were determined using individualized PO values, with participants' self-regulating treadmill velocity via real-time feedback.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to national-level cyclists, professionals sustained higher relative PO (5.3 [1.9] vs 4.8 [1.6] W·kg-1, P < .001, d = -0.97) and affective load (2.8 [4.3] vs. 0.6 [3.7], P = .047, d = -0.75). The professionals also reported a greater perceived effort (6.0 [2.7] vs 5.1 [2.3], P = .023, d = -0.67). No significant differences were found for heart rate, respiratory frequency, or neural efficiency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Professional cyclists exhibited superior PO and effort tolerance despite lower pleasure, underscoring the importance of psychological resilience in professional races. These results suggest that tailored training programs aimed at improving tolerance to high-intensity efforts may benefit national-level cyclists seeking to transition to the professional level.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Looking Good Versus Being Good: Fighting Superficiality and False Information in Sport Science.","authors":"Thomas Haugen","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0380","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Events in Top Performance Sports: Potential Benefit, Challenge, Risk, or Hazard.","authors":"Renate M Leithäuser, Ralph Beneke","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0350","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0350","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1317-1318"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Architecture Immediately After a Sport-Related Concussion Sustained During a Professional Rugby Union Match: A Retrospective Case Study.","authors":"Kanon Uchiyama, Peter Peeling, Shona L Halson, Machar Reid, Karen Wallman, Jennifer Walsh, Simon Thomas, Olivier Girard","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0091","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>A sport-related concussion (SRC) can cause sleep disturbances within 72 hours of injury. However, most research focuses on sleep after >72 hours, with limited attention to acute sleep responses, despite their potential impact on SRC recovery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case study examines a 22-year-old professional rugby union player who sustained an SRC during an away match. Sleep architecture (sleep stages: N1, N2, N3, and rapid eye movement [REM] sleep) and physiological responses during sleep over 4 nights were analyzed-sleep before injury (PRE), the 2 nights immediately following injury (INJ and INJ + 1), and after recovery from injury (POST)-using home-based polysomnography. Return transmeridian travel was undertaken on INJ + 1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The player took 15 minutes to fall asleep and slept <6 hours on INJ, with reductions in N3 (19% vs 22%-37%) and REM sleep (18% vs 20%-32%) compared with all other nights. Despite increased N3 and REM sleep on INJ + 1, sleep disturbances persisted (23 min to fall asleep, 69 min of wake after sleep onset, 40 awakenings, and sleep efficiency below 85%). Compared with sleep on PRE and POST, mean oxygen saturation and heart-rate variability were lower, mean heart rate was elevated, and respiratory events during sleep were greater on INJ and INJ + 1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acute responses after the SRC included sleep disturbances and elevated sympathetic activity (during sleep). The player had difficulty achieving deep, restorative sleep the first night following the SRC, aligning with the non-restorative-sleep complaints commonly reported by concussed athletes on the night(s) immediately following injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1452-1457"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Race Workload and Strength Profile of MotoGP World Championship Riders.","authors":"Belén Espí-López, Carlos Crespo Sánchez, Alejandro Escolar de Miguel, Miguel Suárez-Varela, J Ignacio Gallego-Rivera, Carlos J García-Egaña, Eduardo Aguado Fidalgo, Pablo Floría, Jaime Benito Plans, Alfredo Santalla","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0106","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe the race workload and strength profile of MotoGP World Champion riders and explore potential differences between categories: MotoGP, Moto2, and Moto3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The race workload of the 2023 championship was analyzed, calculating the average length of the Grand Prix (in meters), duration (in minutes), average speed (in km·h-1), top speed (in km·h-1), laps (number), curves (number), and curve density (in n·min-1) in the 3 categories. Thirty-two riders (6 MotoGP, 11 Moto2, and 15 Moto3) were assessed: hand grip (in newtons), bench press (in newtons), countermovement jump (CMJ), and squat jump (in CMJ: dynamic strength index; in CMJ and squat jump: height [in meters], peak power [in N·kg-1], force [in N·kg-1], impulse [in N·s]), and isometric hip adduction and abduction (in newtons). Differences between categories were analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis test. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare values between them.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All workload parameters (except curve density) were higher (P < .001) in MotoGP versus Moto2 and Moto3. MotoGP riders had more hand-grip force in their left (P = .009) and right (P = .018) forearms than other categories' riders. Moto3 riders were smaller (P < .001) and lighter (P = .002) and showed lower impulse in CMJ (P < .001) and squat jump (P = .001) versus Moto2 and MotoGP. Moto2 riders had higher left (P = .004) and right (P = .005) absolute hip abduction than Moto3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Grand Prix race workload was significantly higher in MotoGP. There were differences between categories in hand grip, jump impulse, and abduction. This suggests the need to implement rider's strength evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1285-1291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Timing of Oral Contraceptive Pill Intake Affect Physical Performance-Related Parameters? A Randomized Crossover-Controlled Study.","authors":"Mette S Bisgaard, Mik E Josefsen, Kristine D Rasmussen, Mette Hansen","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0536","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate whether maximal oxygen uptake, strength, and power parameters are influenced by the timing of oral contraceptive (OC) pill intake-specifically 1 versus 24 hours before testing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-nine trained young females using monophasic second-generation OCs participated in a crossover design study. Following test familiarization, participants completed a physical test protocol 2 times during the active OC pill phase: once 1 hour after OC intake and another at 24 hours after OC intake, in randomized order. The protocol assessed balance, push-up endurance, agility, handgrip strength, jump height, flexibility, and maximal oxygen uptake. Psychological well-being was evaluated using a questionnaire prior to testing. Test conditions were standardized for time of the day, energy intake, and exercise within 24 hours preceding the test. Hormone levels were analyzed in serum and saliva collected at the time of testing in a subsample.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Balance stand time was shorter (median difference: 1 s [interquartile range: -3.3, 0.7], P = .021) and handgrip strength higher (mean: 0.8 [2.1] kg, P = .044) when the OC was taken 1 hour before testing compared with 24 hours before testing. No significant differences were observed for push-up endurance, agility, jump height, flexibility, and maximal oxygen uptake between the 2 test days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that the timing of OC intake may acutely influence specific physiological parameters related to physical performance, such as balance stand and handgrip strength. Future studies involving OC users should consider standardizing OC intake to account for potential hormonal effects on performance outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1292-1299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum. Internal and External Load Characteristics in Professional Female Cyclists During Highly Successful and Less Successful Seasons.","authors":"","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0376","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0376","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1312"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144789095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Season Phases and Training Variables on Mental Fatigue in Real-World Elite Fencing.","authors":"Chao Bian, Suzanna Russell, Kevin De Pauw, Toon Ampe, Špela Bogataj, Bart Roelands","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0079","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Mental fatigue (MF) is increasingly implicated in elite sports, yet its characteristics and impact in real-world fencing, a highly perceptual-cognitive demanding domain, are underexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 4-week single-blind, longitudinal study monitored 31 (7 épée, 13 foil, and 11 sabre; 15 females) elite fencers' daily MF across training and competition phases before, during, and after a national championship. Subjective MF on a visual analog scale and reaction time (from 3-min Psychomotor Vigilance Test) were measured daily in the morning (baseline) and after training or competition. Self-reported individualized training variables (session rating of perceived exertion, duration, and detailed training workload demands) were collected posttraining. One-way repeated-measures analyses of variance assessed daily MF on a visual analog scale and reaction-time changes across phases. Linear mixed-effect models examined the impact of training load and specific training workloads on MF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of 93 match days and 440 training days revealed that MF on a visual analog scale increased after fencing activities compared with baseline, peaking on match days (+19.34 AU, P < .001), which aligned with an impaired reaction time (+76.43 milliseconds, P < .01). On training days, overall training load (estimate = 0.02), as well as the contributions of tactical (estimate = 0.26) and physical (estimate = 0.12) workload demands, positively predicted the MF increase (all P < .001), whereas environmental demand (estimate = -0.13, P = .022) mitigated the MF elevation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights the prevalence of MF in elite fencers and its subsequent impact on reaction performance on competition days. The association with specific training structures provides insights for coaches and athletes to actively manage MF and optimize performance throughout a season.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1232-1238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}