International journal of sports physiology and performance最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Complex Training on Sprint Acceleration and Neuromuscular Performance in Young Male Sprinters: A Comparison Between Incline and Level Speed Bounding.","authors":"Chanawat Sanpasitt, Chaninchai Intiraporn, Tossaporn Yimlamai","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of complex training (CT) with inclined versus horizontal speed bounding on sprint acceleration ability and neuromuscular performance in youth male sprinters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty male sprinters 14 to 16 years of age were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 groups (n = 10/group): CT with incline speed bounding, CT with horizontal speed bounding, or control (CON). Both intervention groups completed 3 repetitions of back-squat exercise (85% 1-repetition maximum), followed by speed bounding on either a 9° or 0° platform, twice weekly for 6 weeks in addition to their usual training, whereas the CON group received no intervention. The 50-m sprint test, leg muscular power, isokinetic strength of knee extensors and flexors, and the Hoffman reflex and volitional wave in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were measured before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following 6 weeks of training, both the CT with incline speed bounding and the CT with horizontal speed bounding groups displayed similar improvements (P < .05) in 10- and 20-m sprint times compared with prior training and the CON group, of which the CT with incline speed bounding group showed a greater (P < .05) 10-m sprint velocity. These changes were concomitant with significant increases in peak force (P < .05) but not volitional wave amplitude and V:Mmax ratio in both muscles. However, the CON group did not show these improvements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that incorporation of inclined speed bounding into CT over 6 weeks is more effective in improving sprint acceleration performance compared with horizontal CT, irrespective with Hoffman reflex modulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise Sensations During Moderate-Intensity Heart-Rate-Clamped Cycling in Graded Hypoxia: A Qualitative Approach.","authors":"Siu Nam Li, Peter Peeling, Timothy Budden, Aaron Simpson, Brendan R Scott, Jeremiah J Peiffer, Alex Shaykevich, Olivier Girard","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore how graded hypoxia affects perceptual sensations during heart-rate (HR) -clamped cycling using qualitative methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen trained males cycled for 60 minutes on separate visits, with their HR clamped at 80% of their first ventilatory threshold across simulated altitudes of 2500 m, 3000 m, 3500 m, and 4000 m and in normoxia. After each session, an ∼10-minute structured interview was conducted to gather insights into participants' perceptions of the exercise under each condition. Interview transcripts were analyzed for key themes, which were presented in a pen profile.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 4000 m, 5 participants perceived light-headedness and 2 had difficulty focusing, which were not experienced at lower altitudes. Difficulty breathing increased progressively with hypoxic severity, from 1 report in normoxia to 9 at 4000 m. Limb discomfort was consistently reported across all conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite comparable physiological responses during HR-clamped cycling, hypoxia severity influenced selected perceived sensations (ie, difficulty focusing, difficulty breathing, and light-headedness). These effects should be considered when selecting the desired hypoxic severity for HR-clamped cycling.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixing the Sheep and the Goats: Reframing the Interpretation of Acceleration Data in Sport.","authors":"Pedro Oliveira, Ivan Baptista, Felipe A Moura, Daniel Boullosa, Fábio Y Nakamura, José Afonso","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Acceleration is a continuous variable, and current practices of categorizing it into nonconsensual arbitrary thresholds may potentially lead to imprecise and biased data interpretation, as well as limiting interstudy comparisons. This commentary proposes a reframing of the interpretation of acceleration data and their use for athlete monitoring and exercise prescription. Although this applies to multiple sports, we will focus on the example of team sports in which these metrics are commonly used.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the recognized benefits of acceleration monitoring, 2 major limitations are evident. First, the common practice of classifying continuous acceleration data into discrete categories leads to a loss of relevant information, thus reducing the validity, reliability, and statistical power of analyses. Second, the use of arbitrary thresholds fails to account for individualized profiles, which are essential for monitoring. The limitations of these approaches are exacerbated by the lack of any objective justification for the thresholds used. We propose that acceleration be analyzed continuously, and, therefore, interpretation of data should be individualized. Accelerations should be analyzed as continuous variables rather than categorized into arbitrary thresholds. Individualized monitoring using players' maximum acceleration as a reference can provide a more accurate representation of players' physical demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Active Versus Passive Interset Rest Intervals in the Bench-Press Exercise in Resistance-Trained Men: A Randomized Crossover Study.","authors":"Luis A Berlanga, José López-Chicharro, Ismael Martínez-Guardado, Julio A Ceniza-Villacastín, Michelle Matos-Duarte","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Interset rest (ISR) is a variable of resistance training (RT) that has received limited attention and focused mainly on the length of the ISR rather than examining the effects of different stimuli when using the same ISR duration. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2-minute passive (PAS) or active ISR (ACT) on intraset velocity loss, blood lactate concentrations, and rating of perceived exertion during bench press in resistance-trained men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen participants (23.64 [2.02] y, 82.79 [10.74] kg, 181.50 [7.02] m, maximal power in bench press 660 [113] W) completed 2 RT sessions of 5 × 8 repetitions at maximal velocity using individual optimal load for maximal power output with 2-minute PAS or ACT ISR. During the ACT, participants completed repetitions of vertical chest press at 5% to 10% 1-repetition maximum at a controlled velocity. The intraset velocity loss was measured using a lineal encoder, and blood lactate concentrations and rating of perceived exertion before and after each set were registered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intraset velocity loss was lower in ACT compared with the PAS protocol, without statistically significant differences (P = .571). Blood lactate concentrations increased across the session for both ISR protocols, but this increase was diminished in ACT compared with PAS, without statistical meaning (P > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Continuing to perform the same activation during rest intervals was well-tolerated and may reduce the loss of performance due to accumulated workload throughout an RT session, suggesting that ACT may trigger a metabolic advantage in exercise performance for consecutive sets during an RT bout.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Heart-Rate Variability to Examine Readiness to Perform in Response to Overload and Taper in Swimmers.","authors":"Karla R Bulte, Lyndell Bruce, Kristal Hammond, Sean L Corrigan, Luana C Main","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong> The lack of consensus on the best approach to assess the fatigue and readiness status of swimmers has led to an increased risk of maladaptation, overtraining, and suboptimal readiness to perform. Subjective athlete monitoring is prominent in swimming but is prone to bias, distortion, and misinterpretation. Heart-rate variability (HRV) has gained attention from swimming practitioners as an objective monitoring tool for assessing physiological status.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate the validity of HRV in detecting changes in physiological status between overload, recovery, and taper training phases in elite swimmers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven state- to international-level swimmers were recruited for the study. Retrospective routine HRV, training, and competition data were accessed for 5 months leading into the Tokyo 2020 Olympics national trials. Linear mixed models examined the relationship between training phase, swimming performance, and 3 HRV metrics (average of all normal R-R intervals [AVNN], root mean square of successive R-R intervals [rMSSD], and rMSSD/AVNN).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>rMSSD/AVNN was significantly higher in overload training compared with regular training (mean difference = 0.020, P = .002; effect size = moderate). No statistical difference was found for rMSSD or AVNN between training phases (P > .05). Descriptive analyses revealed intraindividual and interindividual variability in HRV response to training phase. Successful swimmers reported higher parasympathetic dominance in early taper followed by increased sympathetic activity leading into competition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that a ratio measure between parasympathetic tone and modulation may provide a more comprehensive evaluation of an athlete's physiological status compared with a sole parasympathetic modulation or tone marker. Further research is recommended to improve our understanding of the autonomic nervous system's response to overload and taper training phases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3 × 3 Basketball: Neuromuscular Fatigue Develops While External Intensities Are Maintained in Late Tournament Stages.","authors":"Pierpaolo Sansone, Vincenzo Rago, Carlo Castagna, Daniele Conte","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0056","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate physical demands and acute neuromuscular responses in official 3 × 3 basketball tournaments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-three male players (age: 23.1 [5.6] y) were monitored during 2 tournaments, featuring 3 group games (GG1, GG2, and GG3) on day 1 and the round of 16 (R16), quarterfinal (QF), semifinal (SF), and final games on day 2. External intensity (movement intensity) was measured using microsensors. Bilateral countermovement-jump testing was conducted before the start of the tournaments and immediately after each game using MyJump Lab to measure jump height, time to takeoff (TTTO), and modified Reactive Strength Index (RSImod).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear mixed models revealed no significant differences for movement intensity (P = .195) but a practically meaningful decrease (>smallest worthwhile change [SWC]) in the QF compared with GG1, GG2, GG3, R16, and SF. No significant (P = .128) or practically meaningful differences were found for jump height. TTTO was shorter following GG3 compared with baseline (P = .027, effect size: moderate). Practically meaningful (>SWC) decreases in TTTO were found from baseline to post-GG1, GG2, and GG3, while TTTO increased on day 2 compared with day 1 and after SF and Final compared with R16 and QF. RSImod significantly (all P < .05) and practically improved (>SWC) from baseline to post-GG1, GG2, and GG3 (effect size: trivial); practically meaningful changes were also identified on day 2, with poorer RSImod following QF compared with all day 1 games and poorer values post-SF compared with post-GG3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While players maintained in-game physical intensities across tournament stages, neuromuscular status worsened on day 2, suggesting the presence of fatigue. Strategies aimed at supporting players' physical performances in late 3 × 3 tournament stages should be identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical-Tactical Actions of Continuity in Professional and Amateur Padel: A Comparative Analysis by Sex and Level.","authors":"Adrián Escudero-Tena, Iván Martín-Miguel, Rafael Conde-Ripoll, Ana Isabel Fernández-de-Osso","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The relationship between shot type and court surface in technical-tactical continuity actions was analyzed, considering player sex and competition level in padel.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred eighty amateur games (90 male and 90 female) and 180 professional games (90 male and 90 female) were observed, ensuring intraobserver and interobserver reliability using Cohen κ. Descriptive (frequency and percentage) and inferential (chi-square, Cramer V, and corrected standard residuals) analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed a significant association (P < .001) between shot type, court area, player sex, and competition level. Specifically, differences in technical-tactical actions and their court location were evident across player categories and sexes. In amateur men's padel, forehands, back-wall forehands, contraparedes, and powerful smashes are performed more frequently. Professional men's padel features more fence shots, backhand volleys, drop shots, viboras, and fake smashes. In amateur women's padel, forehands, back-wall forehands, forehand bajadas, drop shots, slow smashes, and powerful smashes are more common. Professional women's padel, however, sees more backhands, double walls, bandejas, and fake smashes. Furthermore, in men's padel, amateurs hit more continuation shots from zone 6, whereas professionals hit more from zone 1. In women's padel, amateurs hit more continuation shots from zones 1, 4, 5, and 6, whereas professionals hit more from zones 2 and 3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the necessity for players to adapt their playing strategies based on their level and sex to optimize point construction and increase competitive success. Consequently, coaches should design targeted training programs that align with the demands of their players' sex and skill level.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive and Negative Verbal Instructions Associated With Sham Ischemic Preconditioning Moderate Improvements of Knee-Extension Resistance Exercise in Trained Men.","authors":"Hiago L R Souza, Philip Hurst, Géssyca T Oliveira, Anderson Meireles, Rhaí A Arriel, Rodrigo Hohl, Marco A C Garcia, Moacir Marocolo","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To verify the effects of positive and negative verbal instructions regarding sham ischemic preconditioning (sham-IPC) on leg-extension resistance-exercise performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-five trained men were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: positive expectation, negative expectation, or control. Participants completed leg-extension strength tests in 4 trials (2 familiarization, 1 baseline, and 1 experimental). Experimental trials consisted of participants' receiving sham-IPC (3 × 5 cycles at only 20 mmHg). In positive- and negative-expectation groups, participants received verbal instructions that would improve or worsen performance, respectively. Controls did not receive any verbal suggestion. Outcomes were maximum number of repetitions, maximal isometric voluntary contraction, and muscle power output.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Expectations about sham-IPC were significantly higher in the positive-expectation than in the negative-expectation and control groups. Participants in the positive group reported a significantly greater number of repetitions than both the negative-expectation (d = 1.11) and control groups (d = 0.77). No differences between groups were shown for maximal isometric voluntary contraction (d range = 0.05-0.67) and power output (d range = -0.08 to 1.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results highlight the importance of measuring expectations prior to sham-IPC, which may significantly influence the results of randomized controlled trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Limitations of Sport-Science Research.","authors":"Christopher J Stevens","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training at Different Velocity Zones: Does It Really Matter?","authors":"Irineu Loturco, Lucas A Pereira, Fernando Pareja-Blanco","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>\"If we could measure the velocity of movements daily and obtain immediate feedback, this would possibly be the best marker to determine whether the loading intensity is appropriate.\" With this visionary statement made approximately 35 years ago, Juan José González-Badillo laid the foundation for what is now recognized as \"velocity-based training\" (VBT). VBT is based on the strong correlation between relative load and movement velocity (ie, the \"load-velocity relationship\"). The load-velocity relationship-the core concept behind VBT-demonstrates, through its high degree of shared variance (R2 ≥ 95%), that it is impossible to manipulate one variable without directly impacting the other (eg, moving heavier relative loads at higher velocities). Nevertheless, a controversial point in the literature challenges this fundamental principle, introducing the subjective theory of \"velocity-training zones.\" The purpose of this commentary is to address this issue by reaffirming the elementary principle of VBT: Due to mechanical constraints, establishing distinct velocity zones is unfeasible and unrealistic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The primary objective of any resistance-training program is to increase force application against a given absolute load. Consistent with the near-perfect load-velocity relationship, this positive effect will undoubtedly enhance force production at both portions of the force-velocity spectrum (light-load/high-velocity and heavy-load/low-velocity portions). The rationale and logic supporting this argument are extensively detailed and discussed throughout this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}