International journal of sports physiology and performance最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Effects of the Free Weights and Smith Machine Squat and Bench Press: The Important Role of Specificity for Strength Adaptations.","authors":"Daniel Marcos-Frutos, Sergio Miras-Moreno, Gonzalo Márquez, Amador García-Ramos","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0274","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although previous studies have compared strength-training adaptations between free weights (FW) and machine-guided exercises, those studies did not use a Smith machine (SM), which most closely replicates the exercises performed with FW. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the chronic effects of strength-focused, velocity-based training regimens using FW versus SM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-seven sport-science students (14 female) were assigned, balanced by sex and relative strength, to either an FW or SM training group. The training program lasted 8 weeks (2 sessions/wk), and participants performed 4 sets per exercise (back squat and bench press) at 70% of their 1-repetition maximum with moderate effort levels (20%-25% velocity loss). Load-velocity profile parameters (load-axis intercept, velocity-axis intercept, and area under the load-velocity relationship line), cross-sectional areas of the vastus lateralis and pectoralis major muscles, and the number of repetitions to failure in the bench-press exercise were assessed before and after the training program. Mechanical variables were assessed using both FW and SM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All variables, with the exception of back-squat velocity-axis intercept (P = .124), improved in both training groups. The changes in load-axis intercept and area under the load-velocity relationship line were more pronounced when the training and testing conditions matched. Failure in the bench-press exercise and cross-sectional areas of the vastus lateralis and pectoralis major showed comparable improvements for both training groups, while velocity-axis intercept tended to improve more in the SM group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The general population, unconcerned with the specificity of strength adaptations, can choose a training modality (FW or SM) based on personal preferences.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"292-300"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hip Adduction and Abduction Strength Reference Values of Gaelic Football and Rugby Union Players: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ciaran O'Connor, Martin McIntyre, Eamonn Delahunt, Kristian Thorborg","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0116","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this research was to report isometric hip adduction and abduction strength reference values of men's and women's Gaelic football and rugby union players and compare values between sexes and between sports.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional cohort study consisted of 331 club-level athletes. Maximum isometric hip adduction squeeze and abduction press strength values were measured with a ForceFrame across several testing positions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hip adduction squeeze and abduction press strength reference values for men's and women's Gaelic and rugby union footballers were provided with mean and 1 SD. A 2-way analysis of variance demonstrated significant sport × sex interaction main effects for hip adduction squeeze (η2 = .159-.228), abduction press (η2 = .099-.144), and adduction:abduction ratio (η2 = .120). Men demonstrated significantly greater relative (Newtons per kilogram) maximum isometric hip adduction squeeze (15.5%-26.4%, 0.48-1.00 N/kg) and hip abduction press (9.6%-19.6%, 0.20-0.67 N/kg) strength across all testing positions when compared with women of the same sport. Male Gaelic football players demonstrated significantly greater hip adduction (8.7%-14.0%, 0.30-0.52 N/kg) and abduction (6.1%-8.6%, 0.16-0.31 N/kg) strength (Newtons per kilogram) than their rugby counterparts, while no significant between-sports differences in strength were observed between female athletes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reference values are provided with mean and 1 SD. Sport and sex interaction had significant main effects for hip adduction, abduction, and adduction:abduction ratio, with medium to large effect sizes. Male athletes demonstrate significantly greater hip strength than female athletes of the same sport, and male Gaelic players demonstrate greater hip strength than male rugby players.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"282-291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Final 2-Shot Sequence Performed by the Same Pair During the World Padel Tour Madrid Indoor 2023 Master: Sex Differences in Shot Type and Effectiveness.","authors":"Iván Martín-Miguel, Diego Muñoz, Bernardino Javier Sánchez-Alcaraz, Rafael Conde-Ripoll, Adrián Escudero-Tena","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Recalling game patterns is crucial for achieving expert performance in padel; however, the sequence of the last 2 shots played by the same pair remains underexplored. Therefore, this study analyzed these sequences in professional padel, distinguishing between points ending in a winner or an error and examining potential sex differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 878 points (men 504, women 374) from 10 matches (men 5, women 5) of the 2023 Madrid Indoor Master of the World Padel Tour circuit were analyzed using systematic observation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The effectiveness of the final 2-shot sequence in men's and women's padel significantly differed in terms of winners and errors (men P < .001, Cramer V coefficient [Vc] = 0.724; women P < .001, Vc = 0.559). The most effective sequences in men's padel were volley-smash, volley-volley, and lob-recovery smash, whereas in women's padel, these were volley-smash, volley-volley, and bandeja-smash. Conversely, the sequences leading to the highest number of errors in men's padel were volley-volley, lob-forehand/backhand, and forehand/backhand-forehand/backhand, whereas in women's padel, they were lob-forehand/backhand, lob-volley, and forehand/backhand-volley. No significant sex-based differences were found in errors (P > .05, Vc = 0.063), although the volley-volley sequence resulted in more errors than expected (adjusted standardized residual [ASR] = 3.1). However, significant sex-based differences were found in winners (P < .001, Vc = 0.464). In men's padel, volley-smash (ASR = 4.1) and lob-recovery smash (ASR = 2.3) sequences produced more winners than expected, whereas in women's padel, it was smash-forehand/backhand (ASR = 2.3), forehand/backhand-volley (ASR = 2.1), forehand/backhand-forehand/backhand (ASR = 2.9), lob-bajada (ASR = 2.6), and lob-forehand/backhand (ASR = 3.0).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight key shot sequences' effectiveness and provide insights for optimizing professional padel performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training Load and Acute Performance Decrement in Soccer.","authors":"Marco Montini, Alessandro Scotto di Palumbo, Valerio Cotugno, Massimo Augusto, Massimo Sacchetti, Andrea Nicolò","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We investigated the association between training metrics commonly used in soccer and the acute performance decrement (APD) observed after 3 training sessions differing in exercise intensity and duration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In separate randomized visits, 16 male soccer players performed a Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 test (Yo-Yo IR2) at baseline or 5 minutes after 3 different training sessions consisting of a 10-minute small-sided game (SSG), a 26-minute passing and shooting drill (PSD), or 60 minutes of technical drills (Tech-D). The APD was computed as the percentage reduction in the Yo-Yo IR2 distance from baseline. Training was quantified using metrics of training impulse, a metric based on perceived exertion, movement load, energy expenditure, total distance, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A lower (P < .017) Yo-Yo IR2 distance was covered after SSG and PSD than at baseline and after Tech-D. The APD was higher (P < .022) for SSG (45.6% [19.3%]) than for PSD (31.9% [21.3%]) and Tech-D (9.1% [24.6%]). However, the APD response dissociated from the response of several training metrics recorded. Indeed, higher values (P < .05) were found in Tech-D and/or PSD than in SSG for training impulse, perceived exertion, movement load, energy expenditure, and total distance. Conversely, the response of the NASA-TLX broadly resembled that of APD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Several training metrics used in soccer dissociate from the APD observed after training sessions differing in intensity and duration, unlike the often-overlooked NASA-TLX. These findings suggest revising the combination of training intensity and duration to improve soccer metrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jack Tupper Daniels, PhD, FACSM: The Most Interesting Person I Ever Knew.","authors":"Carl Foster","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0479","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum. Sleep Architecture Immediately After a Sport-Related Concussion Sustained During a Professional Rugby Union Match: A Retrospective Case Study.","authors":"","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0486","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0486","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential Role of Weekly High-Frequency Plyometric Training to Enhance Physical Performance and Manage Muscle Soreness in Male Adolescent Soccer Players.","authors":"Michele Trapletti, Damiano Formenti, Jason Moran, Giampiero Merati, Fabio Esposito, Athos Trecroci","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the effects of volume-matched plyometric training (PT) with different frequency distributions on physical performance and muscle soreness in adolescent soccer players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-four subelite players were allocated into 2 groups: PLYO-1 (n = 17, age = 16.02 [0.26] y) underwent 1 PT session per week, while PLYO-3 (n = 17, age = 15.81 [0.37] y) underwent 3 volume-matched PT sessions per week. The PT program lasted 9 weeks with an initial weekly volume of ∼55 foot contacts, increasing by 10% per week. A 7-point Likert scale was employed to assess perceived muscle soreness before and after each PT session. All players were tested for countermovement horizontal and vertical jumps, 10-m sprint, and change-of-direction (COD) performance using the modified 505 test (505mod).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the 9-week experimental period, both groups exhibited significant improvements in countermovement horizontal-jump distance (P < .001; d = -0.55) and countermovement vertical-jump variables (jump height and modified reactive strength index, P < .001; d = -0.34 and d = -0.33), and 505mod time (COD deficit) (P < .001, d = 1.09). However, no improvements were observed in the 10-m sprint time for PLYO-1 and PLYO-3 (P > .911, d = -0.12). The changes in perceived muscle soreness were significantly lower for PLYO-3 compared with PLYO-1 (P < .001, d = 1.04) throughout the experimental period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Employing weekly volume-matched PT conducted at different frequencies can help to maintain, or even enhance, jump and COD performance while differently impacting muscle soreness.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Priming the Conversation Full Circle: Exploring Mechanistic Explanations for Same-Day Performance Effects Following Priming Exercise Stimuli.","authors":"Patrick M Holmberg, Vincent G Kelly","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Recent investigations have used the term \"priming exercise\" to describe a bout of low-volume exercise commonly prescribed to enhance same-day performance. Although research has revealed improvements in performance measures following these priming exercise strategies, few studies have explored possible mechanisms behind the performance changes. Nevertheless, investigations have only provided physiological theories for performance outcomes. While testing results may reflect physiological responses, underlying processes likely mediate performance effects. As performance problems are seldom solved using a narrow lens, it may be useful to broaden the scope of discussion to develop more comprehensive hypotheses that can guide future priming exercise research and enhance applied methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This article critically evaluates existing explanations and proposes alternative mechanisms that may explain same-day performance effects following priming exercise stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Mental Fatigue With Consecutive Match Progression in Elite Fencing.","authors":"Chao Bian, Suzanna Russell, Rafael Lima Kons, Steven Provyn, Jelle Habay, Špela Bogataj, Bart Roelands","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>On-field daily monitoring has investigated the acute and cumulative nature of mental fatigue (MF) across various sport training/competitions. However, the evolution of MF under congested 1-day match schedules and its relationship with competitive performance, particularly in elite fencing, remains underexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A longitudinal study monitored 31 (7 epee, 13 foil, 11 saber; 15 female) elite fencers' subjective MF in the morning (MVAS0) and immediately after each match (MVASi, measurement point i coded as match order) throughout the national competition day until elimination. Weighted least-squares regression with sample-size-based weighting was applied to capture the evolution trend throughout the day. A linear mixed-effects model explored the potential influence of performance statistics (total hits; hits difference) per match and the progression (i) on dynamic changes in MF (MVASi vs MVASi-1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The competition day of 31 fencers, totaling 153 matches, was analyzed. A downward, quadratic model showed that MF accumulated with a decelerating trend as the competition progressed (theoretical increase rate between matches reduced from +22.0% to +0.5%). In each match, only hits difference (estimate = -0.581, P < .001) negatively affected MF accumulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present findings regarding intraday MF evolution in elite fencing suggest that practitioners should explore the benefit of proactive countermeasures and recovery strategies from the early rounds of a competition day. Applying real-time monitoring and MF-targeted interventions along with other motivational, emotional adjustments is critical to mitigate MF buildup and maintain performance capacity, particularly when a fencer is successively receiving hits.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Body Composition and Performance in Elite Endurance Athletes.","authors":"Oona Kettunen, Jussi Mikkola, Johanna K Ihalainen","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate if elite endurance athletes periodized their body mass (BM) and composition from preparation (T1) to specific preparation period (T2) and if changes in BM and body composition were associated with improved endurance performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-two elite endurance athletes participated in this study. Thirteen cross-country skiers, 7 biathletes, and 3 Nordic Combined athletes formed a group of skiers (16 men and 7 women), and 5 endurance runners, 22 orienteers, and 2 triathletes formed a group of runners (17 men and 12 women). Anthropometric (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and performance (sport-specific incremental treadmill test) measurements were completed in T1 and T2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No changes in BM or body composition were detected from T1 to T2 except for lean mass (LM), which increased in only runners (P = .03). Peak running speed (Vpeak; P < .001) and relative peak oxygen uptake (P = .04) increased from T1 to T2 regardless of the sport or sex. Decreased body fat mass and percentage were associated with increased Vpeak (r = -.41, P = .002; r = -.45, P < .001) and relative peak oxygen uptake (r = -.31, P = .03; r = -.32, P = .02). Changes in LM were positively associated with changes in Vpeak in female skiers (r = .80, P = .03), while almost all the female runners increased both LM and Vpeak.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elite endurance athletes did not systematically periodize their BM from T1 to T2. Decreases in body fat mass and percentage may be beneficial for endurance performance. Since increases in LM were associated with improved endurance performance in female athletes, body-composition manipulations should not lead to a decrease in LM.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}