International journal of sports physiology and performance最新文献

{"title":"Manual Dexterity in Open-Water Wetsuited Swimmers: A Cohort Crossover Study.","authors":"William J Morton, Jørgen Melau, Roar A Olsen, Ole Martin Løvvik, Jonny Hisdal, Signe Søvik","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Laboratory studies have demonstrated that manual dexterity decreases with increasing cold, which may adversely affect performance. Dexterity may be impaired by cooling of the hand, cooling of the lower motor neurons, and cognitive impairment. Wetsuits are commonly used in open-water swimming and are mandated in some situations. This study investigates the effects of cold-water wetsuited swimming on dexterity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five male and 4 female trained swimmers were recruited for this cohort crossover study. Following dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans to determine body composition, they swam in a freshwater lake on 7 occasions with water temperatures between 24.5 °C and 8.4 °C. Dexterity was measured preswim and postswim with a \"nut-washer-bolt assembly time test\" and cognition with a Stroop test. Core and peripheral body temperatures were continuously monitored. Effects were analyzed by linear mixed-model regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pre-post swim difference in time to complete the nut-bolt assembly increased as water temperatures decreased (1.0 s, 95% CI, 0.5-1.5 per 1 °C, P < .0001; R2 = .456), to a maximum of 14.7 seconds (95% CI, 3.3-26.0). This represented a 47.5% increase in assembly time from 24.5 °C to 8.4 °C, which we consider to be of practical significance. Decreased dexterity was associated with decreased forearm and scapular temperature and decreased cognitive function. Body composition did not affect dexterity, cognitive function, or body temperature during swims. Water temperature did not affect swim speed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the use of wetsuits, manual dexterity decreased with cold-water swimming. Swimmers, triathletes, and event organizers should consider the implications for safety, performance, and equipment utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Effect of Individualized Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on 200-m or 400-m Freestyle-Swimming Time-Trial Performance in Well-Trained Athletes.","authors":"William H Gurton, Lilly Dabin, Steven Marshall","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2023-0535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2023-0535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the effect of an individualized sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation-timing strategy on 200-m and 400-m freestyle swimming time-trial (TT) performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirteen well-trained swimmers (8 men and 5 women; mean [SD] 22 [3] y, 1.76 [0.79] m, 73.4 [9.6] kg) had their time-to-peak bicarbonate (HCO3-) determined after ingestion of 0.3 g·kg-1 body mass SB in size 0 vegetarian capsules alongside a carbohydrate-high meal (1.5 g·kg-1 body mass). Following familiarization, participants performed 200-m and 400-m freestyle TTs after individualized timing (160 [36] min) of either SB or a placebo (PL; cornflour) on 4 separate occasions in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Completion times, blood lactate, and rating of perceived exertion (6-20 Borg) were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SB did not improve completion times compared with PL during the 200-m (124.5 [7.3] vs 125.1 [6.2] s, P = .219, g = 0.09) or 400-m (263.4 [12.8] vs 264.7 [13.6] s; P = .192, g = 0.10) TTs. Blood lactate was elevated for SB compared with PL following the 200-m (12.99 [1.45] vs 10.98 [2.25] mmol·L-1; P = .042) and 400-m (13.05 [2.29] vs 10.44 [2.40] mmol·L-1; P = .017) TTs. SB reduced rating of perceived exertion after the TTs compared with PL (200 m: -0.9 [1.4] au, P = .033; 400 m: -1.2 [1.4] au, P = .012).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SB consumed in capsules at individualized time-to-peak [HCO3-] did not improve 200-m or 400-m freestyle-swimming TT performance and might not be a worthwhile SB ingestion strategy for well-trained swimmers.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Differences and Relationships Between Traditional and Resisted Sprints in Elite Youth Rugby Backs and Forwards.","authors":"Santiago Zabaloy, Tomás T Freitas, Luciano Tomaghelli, Juan Aparicio, Franco Vega, Joaquín Medrano, Eduardo Tondelli, Lucas A Pereira, Irineu Loturco","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We tested the differences in maximum strength and various parameters of sprint performance between youth backs and forwards. Additionally, we examined the associations among various strength-sprint measures, as well as between unresisted and heavy resisted sprints.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two youth rugby players were assessed at the beginning of the season with the following tests: unresisted and resisted (50% body mass) 30-m sprints and 1-repetition maximum (1RM) in the squat exercise. Body mass, sprint velocity, and 1RM values were compared between backs and forwards using an independent t test. Pearson product-moment correlation was used to assess the relationships between absolute and relative 1RM values (rel1RM) and unresisted and resisted sprints.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Youth backs outperform forwards in terms of maximum velocity and under resisted sprinting conditions. Furthermore, backs exhibit higher levels of rel1RM compared with forwards. Our findings indicate significant correlations between resisted and unresisted sprinting for several sprint qualities when considering all players together. When participants were divided into different groups, stronger correlations between resisted and unresisted sprints were found among slower/heavier players (forwards). Notably, for faster players (backs), there was no significant correlation between heavy resisted sprints and maximum velocity (r = .25; P = .4). Last, despite their lower rel1RM values compared with backs, for forwards the rel1RM is closely associated with unresisted and resisted sprints.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Unlike youth forwards, for youth backs, the ability to sprint faster with heavy sled loads is not associated with the maximum velocity achieved in linear sprints, and higher values of rel1RM do not necessarily lead to improved sprint performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum. \"Falling Behind,\" \"Letting Go,\" and Being \"Outsprinted\" as Distinct Features of Pacing in Distance Running.","authors":"","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0534","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cluster Versus Rest-Redistribution Training: Similar Improvements in Neuromuscular Capacities in Female Team-Sport Athletes.","authors":"Danica Janicijevic, Jesualdo Cuevas-Aburto, Ivan Jukic, Yaodong Gu, Amador García-Ramos","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study's purpose was to investigate the midterm effects of alternative set configurations (cluster [CL] and rest redistribution [RR]) on lower- and upper-body neuromuscular capacities in female athletes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty team-sport female athletes were randomly assigned to a CL (n = 10) or RR (n = 10) training group. The study protocol comprised 2 pretests, 12 training sessions, and a posttest. Both groups engaged in identical exercises (squat and bench press), load intensity (75% of 1-repetition maximum), and volume (18 repetitions per exercise). The distinction between the groups lay in the total session rest time: The CL group had 23 minutes (3 sets of 6 repetitions with 30 s of intraset rest every 2 repetitions and 3 min of interset rest), whereas the RR group had 17 minutes (9 sets of 2 repetitions with 45 s of interset rest). Countermovement-jump height and load-velocity relationship variables (load-intercept, velocity-intercept, and area under the load-velocity relationship line) were assessed during the squat and bench-press exercises.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All dependent variables revealed greater values at posttest compared with pretest (P ≤ .040; averaged Hedges g = 0.35 for CL and 0.60 for RR), but time × group interactions never reached statistical significance (P ≥ .144). Likewise, the comparison of the magnitude of changes between the 2 groups revealed only trivial differences, except for a small greater change in bench-press area under the load-velocity relationship line for RRG (Hedges g = 0.40).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RR is a more efficient strategy than CL for inducing strength gains in female athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Prematch Perceived Wellness on High-Intensity Locomotor Activities of Professional Soccer Players During in-Season Matches.","authors":"Diego Marqués-Jiménez, Pablo Quílez-Larrayad, José M Izquierdo","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine the influence of prematch perceived wellness on high-intensity locomotor activities of professional soccer players during in-season matches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty male soccer players (26.74 [3.27] y; 179.77 [6.06] cm; 76.72 [9.33] kg), members of a professional soccer team, participated in this longitudinal study. Data collection was conducted during the competitive period of 1 season and involved the 34 league official matches. Perceived wellness was assessed individually 3 hours before each match using a 5-point Likert questionnaire, and external loads during matches were monitored using global navigation satellite system devices. Each wellness item (ie, fatigue, delayed-onset muscle soreness [DOMS], sleep, and stress) was considered as an individual wellness component and analyzed as raw score, team z score, and individualized z score. Different random forest regression models and linear mixed models were carried out for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individualized z scores should be considered the most important variables to estimate the proportion of external-load variation during match play, but the proportion of the variance that may be explained from the prematch perceived wellness suggests a limited capacity in relation to external-load measures. Only individualized z scores of DOMS showed significant effects on sprint running distance (>24.0 km·h-1) and number of sprints (>24.0 km·h-1) during matches (P < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sprint performance of professional soccer players during in-season matches may be slightly influenced by the players' day-to-day variation of prematch perceived DOMS.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Anthropometry and Motor Performance With Competitive Indicators of Women Athletes in the Capoeira World Games: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Lorrana K S Barros, Ariel C Oliveira, Thamires S Vale, Geovani A Dos Santos, Débora Vitória S Moreira, Anderson S Pinheiro, Rafael G Dos Santos, Ilma Sabrina B da Silva, Thales Alessandro V M de Souza, Davi L Ribeiro, Priscila da Silva, Sérgio R Moreira","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2023-0436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2023-0436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to verify the association of anthropometric and motor variables with the competitive indicators of female athletes in the ABADÁ-Capoeira (Associação Brasileira de Apoio e Desenvolvimento da Arte Capoeira) World Games.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-two capoeira athletes from 15 countries (capoeira experience = 15.1 [7.9] y, age = 32.1 [8.8] y, body mass = 63.2 [6.3] kg, and height = 161.8 [4.4] cm) were recruited for anthropometric and motor evaluation of sit and reach, push-up, trunk flexion, countermovement jump (CMJ), and quadrant jump (QDJ). Each athlete's ranking and stage scores in the competition were obtained as indicators of competitive performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were inverse correlations between abdominal circumference, body mass index, body fat percentage, and endomorphy with motor variables (rho = -.36 to -.46; P < .05). Positive correlations of motor performance with competitive performance indicators were evidenced, being between the average increment score with the CMJ (rho = .33; P < .05) and the QDJ (rho = .35; P < .05), and between the competition score with the CMJ (rho = .32; P < .05) and the QDJ (rho = .32; P < .05). Additionally, the motor performance of trunk flexion (β = 0.11; odds ratio = 1.126; 95% CI, 1.025-1.238), QDJ (β = 0.21; odds ratio = 1.239; 95% CI, 1.022-1.503), and CMJ (β = 0.20; odds ratio = 1.230; 95% CI, 1.029-1.471) predicted competition stage advancement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Associations occurred between anthropometry and motor performance, and this was predictive of competitive indicators of female capoeira athletes in international competition. Such information may contribute to an optimized and effective training process aimed at the integral improvement of capoeira practitioners' body composition and motor skills, especially to improve localized muscular endurance of the upper limbs and abdomen, as well as agility and power of the lower limbs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Educational Review on Machine Learning: A SWOT Analysis for Implementing Machine Learning Techniques in Football.","authors":"Marco Beato, Mohamed Hisham Jaward, George P Nassis, Pedro Figueiredo, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Peter Krustrup","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The abundance of data in football presents both opportunities and challenges for decision making. Consequently, this review has 2 primary objectives: first, to provide practitioners with a concise overview of the characteristics of machine-learning (ML) analysis, and, second, to conduct a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis regarding the implementation of ML techniques in professional football clubs. This review explains the difference between artificial intelligence and ML and the difference between ML and statistical analysis. Moreover, we summarize and explain the characteristics of ML learning approaches, such as supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. Finally, we present an example of a SWOT analysis that suggests some actions to be considered in applying ML techniques by medical and sport science staff working in football. Specifically, 4 dimensions are presented: the use of strengths to create opportunities and make the most of them, the use of strengths to avoid threats, working on weaknesses to take advantage of opportunities, and upgrading weaknesses to avoid threats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ML analysis can be an invaluable tool for football clubs and sport-science and medical departments due to its ability to analyze vast amounts of data and extract meaningful insights. Moreover, ML can enhance performance by assessing the risk of injury, physiological parameters, and physical fitness, as well as optimizing training, recommending strategies based on opponent analysis, and identifying talent and assessing player suitability.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Bone Mineral Measurements With Peak Impact and Sport-Specific Muscle Loads in Elite Youth Artistic Swimmers.","authors":"Apostolos Z Skouras, Panagiotis Koulouvaris, Yiannis Tsekouras, Dimitrios Antonakis-Karamintzas, Anastasia Goutseva, Charilaos Tsolakis, Panagiota Klentrou","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2023-0440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2023-0440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Bone mineral measurements and their association with peak impact and sport-specific, persistent muscle loads were examined in 10 elite artistic swimmers age 15-19 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of total body, total body less head, spine, and dominant and nondominant limbs were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Peak ground-reaction forces of 2 dry jumps (countermovement jump and frog jump) were measured on a force plate. Peak forces applied during in-water exercises (vertical scull, barracuda push, and kick pull) were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, artistic swimmers' total-body BMD (1.12 [0.08] g/cm2) was similar to values reported for young swimmers and nonathletic females, and total-body BMC (2359 [399] g) was higher than previously reported in race swimmers. Based on previously published reference curves, 9 out of 10 artistic swimmers had total-body less head BMD and BMC at or above the 90th percentile, with average to above average z scores and height-adjusted z scores for their age. Countermovement jump and frog jump exhibited moderate peak ground-reaction forces (2.61 [0.46] and 1.93 [0.42] N/kg, respectively). In water, greater force was exerted in kick pull (60.4 [4.8] N) compared with vertical skull (45.5 [6.4] N) and barracuda push (40.6 [4.8] N). Bone measurements were correlated with the peak ground-reaction forces exerted in both dry jumps (r = .61-.83, P ≤ .05) and the peak force output of the in-water exercises (r = .63-.80, P ≤ .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results imply robust bone health among artistic swimmers, partially associated with the high muscle forces regularly applied during their sport-specific training that seem to counteract the low-impact nature of the sport.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142806897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and Psychophysiological Effects of Light-Guided Pacing During a 5000-m Run.","authors":"Arturo Casado, Alberto Hornillos, Carl Foster, Luis E Ranieri, Andrew Renfree, Raúl Domínguez","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In world-class middle- and long-distance running races, a Wavelight signal has recently been used as a pacing guide for setting records. The aim of the present study was to compare performance and psychophysiological effects between light-guided, drafting, and nonassisted pacing conditions in distance runners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen male middle- and long-distance runners of national and regional standard ran three 5000-m time trials in a counterbalanced order with the following pacing distribution: the first 4000 m and last 1000 m were covered at submaximal and maximal intensities, respectively. The 3 trials (conditions) were (1) self-paced, (2) guided by a light signal, and (3) guided by a cyclist in front (drafting condition). Pace, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and affective valence were recorded every 500 m.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences were found between pacing-light and self-paced conditions. Running time was shorter in the drafting versus self-paced condition in the final 500-m section (P = .031; d = 0.76). No differences were found between drafting and light conditions. Similarly, whereas 9 out of 10 significant differences in terms of lower heart rate, or rating of perceived exertion, or higher affective valence responses were found in the drafting versus self-paced condition (P = .004-.041; d = 0.63-1.39), only 4 were found across the tests in the drafting versus light condition (P = .005-.016; d = 0.66-0.84).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Light-guided pacing did not influence performance or psychophysiological responses in distance runners during a 5000-m test, but drafting produced a large effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142806839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}