International journal of sports physiology and performance最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Effects of the Free Weights and Smith Machine Squat and Bench Press: The Important Role of Specificity for Strength Adaptations.","authors":"Daniel Marcos-Frutos, Sergio Miras-Moreno, Gonzalo Márquez, Amador García-Ramos","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0274","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although previous studies have compared strength-training adaptations between free weights (FW) and machine-guided exercises, those studies did not use a Smith machine (SM), which most closely replicates the exercises performed with FW. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the chronic effects of strength-focused, velocity-based training regimens using FW versus SM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-seven sport-science students (14 female) were assigned, balanced by sex and relative strength, to either an FW or SM training group. The training program lasted 8 weeks (2 sessions/wk), and participants performed 4 sets per exercise (back squat and bench press) at 70% of their 1-repetition maximum with moderate effort levels (20%-25% velocity loss). Load-velocity profile parameters (load-axis intercept, velocity-axis intercept, and area under the load-velocity relationship line), cross-sectional areas of the vastus lateralis and pectoralis major muscles, and the number of repetitions to failure in the bench-press exercise were assessed before and after the training program. Mechanical variables were assessed using both FW and SM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All variables, with the exception of back-squat velocity-axis intercept (P = .124), improved in both training groups. The changes in load-axis intercept and area under the load-velocity relationship line were more pronounced when the training and testing conditions matched. Failure in the bench-press exercise and cross-sectional areas of the vastus lateralis and pectoralis major showed comparable improvements for both training groups, while velocity-axis intercept tended to improve more in the SM group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The general population, unconcerned with the specificity of strength adaptations, can choose a training modality (FW or SM) based on personal preferences.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"292-300"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hip Adduction and Abduction Strength Reference Values of Gaelic Football and Rugby Union Players: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ciaran O'Connor, Martin McIntyre, Eamonn Delahunt, Kristian Thorborg","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0116","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this research was to report isometric hip adduction and abduction strength reference values of men's and women's Gaelic football and rugby union players and compare values between sexes and between sports.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional cohort study consisted of 331 club-level athletes. Maximum isometric hip adduction squeeze and abduction press strength values were measured with a ForceFrame across several testing positions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hip adduction squeeze and abduction press strength reference values for men's and women's Gaelic and rugby union footballers were provided with mean and 1 SD. A 2-way analysis of variance demonstrated significant sport × sex interaction main effects for hip adduction squeeze (η2 = .159-.228), abduction press (η2 = .099-.144), and adduction:abduction ratio (η2 = .120). Men demonstrated significantly greater relative (Newtons per kilogram) maximum isometric hip adduction squeeze (15.5%-26.4%, 0.48-1.00 N/kg) and hip abduction press (9.6%-19.6%, 0.20-0.67 N/kg) strength across all testing positions when compared with women of the same sport. Male Gaelic football players demonstrated significantly greater hip adduction (8.7%-14.0%, 0.30-0.52 N/kg) and abduction (6.1%-8.6%, 0.16-0.31 N/kg) strength (Newtons per kilogram) than their rugby counterparts, while no significant between-sports differences in strength were observed between female athletes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reference values are provided with mean and 1 SD. Sport and sex interaction had significant main effects for hip adduction, abduction, and adduction:abduction ratio, with medium to large effect sizes. Male athletes demonstrate significantly greater hip strength than female athletes of the same sport, and male Gaelic players demonstrate greater hip strength than male rugby players.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"282-291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal and External Load Characteristics in Professional Female Cyclists During Highly Successful and Less Successful Seasons.","authors":"Annemiek J Roete, Teun van Erp, Marije T Elferink-Gemser, Matthias Kempe, Robert P Lamberts","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This exploratory study aimed to determine and compare the external and internal training and racing load characteristics of female professional cyclists during \"highly successful\" and \"less successful\" seasons.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-three seasons of 14 World Tour cyclists (seasons: 3 [1] per cyclist, age: 24 [4] y) over a 7-year period were analyzed (9.036 training and 1.974 races). Based on the ProCyclingStats points per race, cycling seasons were classified as \"highly successful\" (≥5 points per race) or as \"less successful\" (<5 points per race). External and internal load characteristics and intensity distributions were determined and compared using a multilevel random intercept model followed by pairwise comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most external load characteristics (such as distance, duration, and kilojoules burned) were higher during \"highly successful\" seasons (P < .01), while the overall mean power outputs were similar. During \"highly successful\" seasons, cyclists were able to train more in power zones 1 and 2 (P < .05), while cyclists during less successful seasons were spending relatively more time in zone 5 during races (P < .01). In contrast to external load characteristics, no differences were found in internal load characteristics between \"highly successful\" and \"less successful\" seasons.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Professional female cyclists in \"highly successful\" seasons were able to train more (volume) than during \"less successful\" seasons. In addition, the relative intensity of training sessions and races was lower during \"highly\" than \"less\" successful seasons. These findings highlight the importance of high-volume low-intensity training in female professional cyclists, which may contribute to better durability capacity in races.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Periodization, Testing, and Monitoring Practices of Strength and Conditioning Coaches.","authors":"Jad Adrian Washif, Carl James, Jeffrey Pagaduan, Julian Lim, Danny Lum, Raja Mohammed Firhad Raja Azidin, Iñigo Mujika, Christopher Martyn Beaven","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the periodization, testing, and monitoring practices of strength and conditioning practitioners across different levels of coaching experience and sports.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was completed by 58 practitioners (25 sports/events) from 9 Southeast and East Asian countries. The survey focused on periodization models, programming frameworks, unloading strategies, fitness assessments, and pretraining readiness monitoring. Frequency analysis and chi-square tests were used to assess data distribution and differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hybrid (multiple) periodization was favored over a single model for different training objectives (39%-45%), including very short-term training (≤4 wk). Emerging approaches including flexible programming were similarly adopted (43%). Program adjustment was primarily driven by athlete feedback (90%), self-observation (78%), and technical execution (74%). Major programming challenges identified were managing fatigue (72%), optimizing training stimuli (53%), specificity (50%), and adherence (47%). Deloading practices (95%) and tapering applications (91%) were common. Physical performance changes were primarily identified from testing (90%) but also from athlete/coach feedback (76%), monitoring (71%), training data (67%), and performance data/statistics (62%). Strength assessments were conducted 2 to 4 times yearly (67%) using 1 to 4 exercises (76%). Pretraining readiness was monitored via conversations (71%), wellness tools (46%), and performance devices (31%). Practitioners also utilized monitoring technology, force plates (21%), and velocity-tracking devices (23%). Training load was commonly quantified using volume load (81%) and session rating of perceived exertion (72%). None of the comparisons differed across experience levels and sport types (P > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Practitioners employed a range of periodization models, often integrating flexible approaches. Unloading strategies were commonly implemented alongside various assessment methods. Technologies were used for monitoring, but conversational/subjective methods remained more widespread.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in Muscle Activity After a Maximal Intermittent Fatiguing Protocol With a Flywheel Device.","authors":"Jorge Salse-Batán, Michel Marina, Priscila Torrado","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To study the possible sex differences in muscle activity after a maximal intermittent fatiguing protocol (IFPmax) performed with a flywheel device.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen males and 17 females completed 10 sets of 10 half-squat repetitions with 3 minutes of passive recovery between sets as the IFPmax. Before and after the IFPmax, maximal isometric half-squat and countermovement jump were performed. Surface electromyography was used to analyze muscle activity in the gluteus maximus, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both sexes exhibited a similar decline in maximal isometric half-squat force and countermovement-jump flight time after the IFPmax. Although males demonstrated higher baseline power performance (F ≥ 4.99, P ≤ .013, ηp2≥.14), these differences were no longer significant at the end of the fatiguing protocol. A more pronounced decrease in electromyography activity of the agonist musculature was observed in males (F ≥ 4.84, P ≤ .036, ηp2≥.14), whereas delta analysis revealed a greater increase in antagonist muscle activity in females (P < .05). Hip-to-knee cocontraction ratio increased similarly in both sexes (F ≥ 10.14, P ≤ .004, ηp2≥.27). However, males and females adopted distinct muscle-activation patterns as fatigue developed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sex-related differences in muscle activity following an IFPmax performed with a flywheel device suggest the potential for higher training volumes and/or shorter recovery intervals for females. These findings provide valuable insights for the individualization and optimization of training protocols based on sex differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Energy Availability, Carbohydrate Intake, and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport: The Low Triiodothyronine Hypothesis.","authors":"Anthony C Hackney, Sam R Moore, Abbie Smith-Ryan","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent research findings suggest that a daily diet containing low carbohydrate (LCHO) consumption coupled with low energy availability (LEA, specifically what is termed problematic LEA [P-LEA]) exacerbates the risk of developing relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs). Regrettably, research evidence also indicates that dietary carbohydrates are likely underconsumed by many athletes in their daily diets. How these factors, P-LEA and LCHO intake, interact to precipitate the amplification of REDs risk is currently not entirely clear and is the source of much speculation.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>As such, we present herein a hypothetical model of how LCHO dietary intake and P-LEA exposure can interact to create an amplification of the endocrine disruptions associated with REDs, specifically via the development of a low triiodothyronine (T3) state, clinically referred to as low T3 syndrome. The hypothesis presented postulates that P-LEA + LCHO interact to promote reductions in T3 levels in part by inducing a greater cortisol response (at rest or exercise), which in turn inhibits the endocrine function involving the production of T3, as well as the conversion of thyroxine to T3. The resultant low T3 state in turn amplifies the negative hormonal consequences associated with REDs (eg, reduced reproductive, anabolic, and metabolic hormone levels).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Practically speaking, athletes and their coaches must recognize the importance of carbohydrates in the diet, specifically the amounts and the timing of their consumption; strive to avoid P-LEA exposure; and monitor for REDs indicators (eg, T3). Researchers are encouraged to pursue investigations to challenge and evaluate our proposed hypothesis concerning how low T3 is the critical factor in the negative hormonal consequences of REDs and the role cortisol plays in these outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum. Accuracy and Precision of the SlateSafety BandV2 and CORE Devices in Estimating Resting and Moderate Hyperthermic Exercise Temperature in Eumenorrheic Females.","authors":"","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0325","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0325","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Sprint and Change-of-Direction Training With or Without the Racket in Young Tennis Players.","authors":"Jaime Fernandez-Fernandez, Ernest Baiget Vidal, Fabio Yuzo Nakamura, Francisco Javier Santos-Rosa, Urs Granacher, David Sanz-Rivas","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the effects of sprint and change-of-direction (CoD) training, with and without the racket, on performance-related qualities of young tennis players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-one young male players age 16.5 (0.3) years (body height 180.6 [4.6] cm; mass 71.5 [6.3] kg) were randomly allocated to a specific sprint and CoD training program using a tennis racket versus the same training without using the racket during an 8-week in-season training phase. Pretraining and posttraining included linear sprint (10 m with 5-m split times), CoD speed (5-0-5 CoD test, pro-agility test), and muscle power (bilateral and unilateral countermovement jumps, and the 10/5 repeated-jump test).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed a significant main effect of time for linear sprint speed (10-m: P < .001), CoD (P < .001), CoD deficit (P = .003), pro-agility (P = .044), and all analyzed jump measures (P values ranging from <.001 to .006). Selected significant group-by-time interactions were found, with 5-m (P = .008) and 10-m sprints (P = .021), CoD speed (P < .001), and pro-agility test (P = .018), as well as countermovement jumps (P < .001) and repeated-jump-test jump height (P = .003), favoring the no-racket group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although both training strategies have been shown to be effective in improving the physical fitness components analyzed, the use of specific sprint training without additional equipment (ie, racket) seems to be the most beneficial method to improve baseline capacities in young tennis players.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Decline in Sleep Quality and Oral Immunity Before Competition on Infection Risk in Adolescent Swimmers.","authors":"Ming-Ru Chiang, Chi-Cheng Lu, Bao-Lien Hung, Hsing-Hao Wang, Yi-Ying Chen, Shih-Hua Fang","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense against pathogens; meanwhile, poor-quality sleep may potentially have detrimental effects on physical recovery and immunity in athletes. The present study aimed to examine the effect of sleep quality and oral immunity on postcompetition infection risk in young swimmers participating in a national swimming event.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen voluntary adolescent swimmers from a high school were enrolled. Hooper questionnaire, saliva samples, and sleep quality collected on the fifth day before the competition were recorded as baseline data, and saliva and sleep data on the day of the competition, collected before its start, were used as study data. The levels of salivary total protein (TP), α-amylase, salivary immunoglobulin A, lactoferrin, interleukin-6, and cortisol were measured, and athletes' sleep quality was also monitored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with baseline, the Hooper Index indicated a significant decrease in sleep quality and an increase in stress level before the competition. Levels of α-amylase/TP, salivary immunoglobulin A/TP, and lactoferrin/TP significantly decreased on the morning of the competition, whereas interleukin-6 and cortisol levels showed a significant increase. Analysis of sleep variables in relation to postcompetition infections revealed a significant negative correlation between sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and the number of postcompetition medical visits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that the overall physiological factors contributing to the decline in athletes' salivary levels of α-amylase/TP, salivary immunoglobulin A/TP, and lactoferrin/TP and increased susceptibility to infections after competition may be related to sleep quality on the night before the competition.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytics of Pacing Development in Men's Sculling.","authors":"Thiago Oliveira Borges, Alexandre Nunes Martins, Alexandre Moreira, Job Fransen, Aaron J Coutts, Marcelo Saldanha Aoki","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>We described and compared performances and pacing strategy (PS) across sculling age groups and boat classes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Over 10 years of Rowing World Championships data for the men's A and B finals of under-19, under-23, and senior in single (1×), double (2×), and quadruple (4×) sculls were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Velocity and stroke frequency (SF) were lower for younger athletes for all boat classes. Age group (t1057 = 10.8, P < .001, effect size [ES] = 0.10-small) and boat class (t1057 = 30.7, P < .001, ES = 0.47-moderate) were associated with boat velocity, whereas only boat class (t1057 = 14.0, P < .001, ES = 0.16-small) was associated with SF. Statistical parametric mapping showed that PS for velocity was different between boat classes between the start line and the 500-m mark (P < .001), whereas PS for SF was different between age groups from the start line to the 150-m mark (P = .004), while boat classes differed at 250, 750, 1250, 1750, and 1950 m (P < .05). Principal-component analysis showed the variance explained in the PS came from the age groups for all 3 boat classes from 0 to 150 m and ∼1900 m.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Velocity and SF increased with athlete age and boat size. PS for velocity differed between boat classes, while PS for SF varied across age groups and boat types as shown by statistical parametric mapping. Principal-component analysis showed that most variance was associated with age and early-race splits, reflecting tactical pacing strategies. These findings offer practical insights for athletes, coaches, and sport scientists aiming to optimize training and performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}