International journal of sports physiology and performance最新文献

{"title":"Internal and External Load Characteristics in Professional Female Cyclists During Highly Successful and Less Successful Seasons.","authors":"Annemiek J Roete, Teun van Erp, Marije T Elferink-Gemser, Matthias Kempe, Robert P Lamberts","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0365","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This exploratory study aimed to determine and compare the external and internal training and racing load characteristics of female professional cyclists during \"highly successful\" and \"less successful\" seasons.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-three seasons of 14 World Tour cyclists (seasons: 3 [1] per cyclist, age: 24 [4] y) over a 7-year period were analyzed (9.036 training and 1.974 races). Based on the ProCyclingStats points per race, cycling seasons were classified as \"highly successful\" (≥5 points per race) or as \"less successful\" (<5 points per race). External and internal load characteristics and intensity distributions were determined and compared using a multilevel random intercept model followed by pairwise comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most external load characteristics (such as distance, duration, and kilojoules burned) were higher during \"highly successful\" seasons (P < .01), while the overall mean power outputs were similar. During \"highly successful\" seasons, cyclists were able to train more in power zones 1 and 2 (P < .05), while cyclists during less successful seasons were spending relatively more time in zone 5 during races (P < .01). In contrast to external load characteristics, no differences were found in internal load characteristics between \"highly successful\" and \"less successful\" seasons.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Professional female cyclists in \"highly successful\" seasons were able to train more (volume) than during \"less successful\" seasons. In addition, the relative intensity of training sessions and races was lower during \"highly\" than \"less\" successful seasons. These findings highlight the importance of high-volume low-intensity training in female professional cyclists, which may contribute to better durability capacity in races.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1224-1231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Idiosyncratic and Relevant Focus-of-Attention Strategies in Explosive Strength Tasks: An Exploratory Study.","authors":"Dario Pompa, Luca Bovolon, Howie J Carson, Alessandra Caporale, Selenia di Fronso, Marco Beato, Mattia Digno, Marika Berchicci, Maurizio Bertollo","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0511","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Focus-of-attention (FOA) research typically supports an external focus (EF) over internal focus (IF) for motor learning and performance. However, task-specific factors such as athletes' techniques and training goals may influence FOA efficacy. This study compared the effects of FOA strategies-idiosyncratic core component (ICC), EF, and IF-on explosive isometric back squats (EIBS) and squat jumps (SJ) in skilled basketball athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen elite basketball players performed 3 trials of EIBS and SJ under each FOA condition. Force peak (Fp), impulse (Im), and mean rate of force development (mRFD) were assessed using a force plate. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and perceived emotional state were also recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ICC significantly enhanced mRFD during EIBS compared with EF (P = .014) and IF (P = .015), with no difference between EF and IF. FOA did not significantly affect Fp or Im during EIBS. In SJ, FOA strategies had no significant effects on mRFD, Fp, or Im. RPE and perceived emotional state scores remained consistent across conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ICC improved explosive strength during EIBS, highlighting the benefit of individualized FOA strategies for tasks >200 milliseconds in duration. However, FOA showed limited impact on SJ performance metrics, possibly due to the task's shorter duration. Strength and conditioning coaches should tailor FOA strategies to specific tasks and outcomes, using ICC to optimize explosive strength in longer-duration tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1278-1284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Cost of Badminton Footwork: A Novel Experimental Approach.","authors":"Lorenzo Pugliese, Gaspare Pavei, Antonio La Torre, Antonio Gianfelici, Susanna Rampichini, Fabio Esposito","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0267","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Despite the increasing body of literature on badminton, no data exist concerning the energy cost of badminton movement, known as \"footwork.\" This study introduces a novel experimental approach to assessing the energy cost of footwork by applying established metabolic measurement techniques to badminton-specific movement patterns for the first time. In addition, it aims to verify whether differences exist between 2 different movement combinations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven male and 7 female badminton athletes (age 19 [4] y; body mass 64.9 [8.4] kg; height 1.72 [0.08] m; V˙O2peak 55.5 [10.3] mL·kg-1·min-1) completed 2 sets of 12 repetitions of 4 all-out preplanned footwork exercises with 30 seconds of passive recovery, using 2 types of steps (side step and running step). During exercises, respiratory data, blood lactate concentration, and net energy cost (CnetFW, J·kg-1·m-1) were determined, along with total exercise duration and average speed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CnetFW was 19.59 (4.46) for side step and 20.38 (4.52) J·kg-1·m-1 for running step. No significant differences in metabolic data, total exercise duration, or average speed were observed (P < .05). CnetFW data showed a positive linear correlation between energy cost and footwork speed (r = .62; r2 = .39; P = .0009).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CnetFW increases with speed, but there is no significant difference between the 2 types of footwork. Players and coaches can choose the most appropriate step combinations based on individual characteristics and specific game requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1265-1270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptual, Thermoregulatory, and Performance Effects of Menthol Gel Application in Trained Triathletes Exercising in Hot Conditions.","authors":"Martin Barwood, Holly Barwood, Danielle Davis, Steve H Faulkner, Nicola Johnston, David Starr, Thomas Wild","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0038","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Topical menthol application improves thermal perception and enhances performance but reduces sweat production in hot environments. In the aquatic environment, where sweat evaporation is of limited thermoregulatory benefit (ie, minimal evaporation) and leads to dehydration and cardiovascular strain, downregulating thermoregulatory sweating may have little consequence. However, it may preserve hydration status and improve subsequent performance, especially in air (ie, after first transition in triathlon); we tested this hypothesis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eight trained triathletes (age 36 [5] y; height 1.77 [0.1] m; mass 73.9 [8.0] kg) completed 2 experimental conditions with prior whole-body application of menthol GEL (40 g, 3.5% menthol) contrasted to NO-GEL. The protocol comprised 30 minutes of swimming (at 85% of 400-m personal best) in tropical water (29 °C) followed by a 20-km self-paced cycling time trial. Measures were deep body temperature (gastrointestinal pill), skin temperature, sweat production, rating of perceived exertion, thermal sensation, and thermal comfort. Paired t test and analysis of variance compared the data (.05 alpha level).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Wet-bulb globe temperature equated to \"red flag\" conditions-heat-injury potential for all participants. Terminal gastrointestinal temperature was 38.8 °C (0.3 °C) and 38.8 °C (0.7 °C) and time-trial performance was 39:36 (04:31) and 40:53 (05:53) minutes in the GEL and NO-GEL conditions, respectively (P = .340; 95% CI, -222 to 88 s; d = -0.22). Sweat production increased in the GEL condition (1140 [257] mL) compared to the NO-GEL condition (961 [202] mL) (t = 2.482, P = .042; 95% CI, 08 to 349 mL; d = 0.77).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Menthol improved perception but increased thermoregulatory sweating and did not enhance performance (partial hypothesis support).</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1271-1277"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Preseason Training Camps on Fitness, Fatigue, and Performance in Professional Football Players: Mildaltitude Camp Versus Sea-Level Camp.","authors":"Mauro Mandorino, Marco Beato, Mathieu Lacome","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0555","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2024-0555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Preseason in football is crucial for optimizing physical fitness, team cohesion, and tactical readiness. This study investigated the effects of 2 distinct preseason training environments-mild altitude with cooler conditions and sea level with higher heat and humidity-on cardiovascular fitness, readiness, and match intensity in professional football players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen elite male players were monitored during 2 consecutive preseasons (2023-24 and 2024-25), with external- and internal-load parameters assessed via global positioning systems and heart-rate (HR) tracking systems. Cardiovascular fitness was evaluated using HR responses during submaximal running tests (HRex) and machine-learning models (Δ HR), and readiness was assessed through vertical stiffness (Kvert) and locomotor efficiency (Δ PL), also using machine-learning approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multilevel regression analysis indicated that general fitness, represented by HRex, improved independently of environmental conditions and was primarily influenced by cumulative training load (γ = -0.045, P = .004). However, specific fitness (Δ HR) improved more significantly under higher temperatures (γ = 8.188, P = .009). Increased heat exposure reduced readiness levels, as reflected by declines in Kvert and Δ PL by the end of the sea-level preseason. Match intensity showed no significant differences between environments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sea-level preseason training environments appear to promote faster specific fitness gains, likely due to cardiovascular adaptations. We hypothesize that these adaptations could be related to the effects of heat exposure, such as plasma volume expansion. However, it also results in lower readiness levels, affecting vertical stiffness and locomotor efficiency. These findings provide valuable insights for designing preseason programs to balance cardiovascular fitness gains and fatigue mitigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1253-1264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Periodization, Testing, and Monitoring Practices of Strength and Conditioning Coaches.","authors":"Jad Adrian Washif, Carl James, Jeffrey Pagaduan, Julian Lim, Danny Lum, Raja Mohammed Firhad Raja Azidin, Iñigo Mujika, Christopher Martyn Beaven","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0051","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the periodization, testing, and monitoring practices of strength and conditioning practitioners across different levels of coaching experience and sports.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was completed by 58 practitioners (25 sports/events) from 9 Southeast and East Asian countries. The survey focused on periodization models, programming frameworks, unloading strategies, fitness assessments, and pretraining readiness monitoring. Frequency analysis and chi-square tests were used to assess data distribution and differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hybrid (multiple) periodization was favored over a single model for different training objectives (39%-45%), including very short-term training (≤4 wk). Emerging approaches including flexible programming were similarly adopted (43%). Program adjustment was primarily driven by athlete feedback (90%), self-observation (78%), and technical execution (74%). Major programming challenges identified were managing fatigue (72%), optimizing training stimuli (53%), specificity (50%), and adherence (47%). Deloading practices (95%) and tapering applications (91%) were common. Physical performance changes were primarily identified from testing (90%) but also from athlete/coach feedback (76%), monitoring (71%), training data (67%), and performance data/statistics (62%). Strength assessments were conducted 2 to 4 times yearly (67%) using 1 to 4 exercises (76%). Pretraining readiness was monitored via conversations (71%), wellness tools (46%), and performance devices (31%). Practitioners also utilized monitoring technology, force plates (21%), and velocity-tracking devices (23%). Training load was commonly quantified using volume load (81%) and session rating of perceived exertion (72%). None of the comparisons differed across experience levels and sport types (P > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Practitioners employed a range of periodization models, often integrating flexible approaches. Unloading strategies were commonly implemented alongside various assessment methods. Technologies were used for monitoring, but conversational/subjective methods remained more widespread.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1239-1252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in Muscle Activity After a Maximal Intermittent Fatiguing Protocol With a Flywheel Device.","authors":"Jorge Salse-Batán, Michel Marina, Priscila Torrado","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0012","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To study the possible sex differences in muscle activity after a maximal intermittent fatiguing protocol (IFPmax) performed with a flywheel device.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen males and 17 females completed 10 sets of 10 half-squat repetitions with 3 minutes of passive recovery between sets as the IFPmax. Before and after the IFPmax, maximal isometric half-squat and countermovement jump were performed. Surface electromyography was used to analyze muscle activity in the gluteus maximus, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both sexes exhibited a similar decline in maximal isometric half-squat force and countermovement-jump flight time after the IFPmax. Although males demonstrated higher baseline power performance (F ≥ 4.99, P ≤ .013, ηp2≥.14), these differences were no longer significant at the end of the fatiguing protocol. A more pronounced decrease in electromyography activity of the agonist musculature was observed in males (F ≥ 4.84, P ≤ .036, ηp2≥.14), whereas delta analysis revealed a greater increase in antagonist muscle activity in females (P < .05). Hip-to-knee cocontraction ratio increased similarly in both sexes (F ≥ 10.14, P ≤ .004, ηp2≥.27). However, males and females adopted distinct muscle-activation patterns as fatigue developed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sex-related differences in muscle activity following an IFPmax performed with a flywheel device suggest the potential for higher training volumes and/or shorter recovery intervals for females. These findings provide valuable insights for the individualization and optimization of training protocols based on sex differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1198-1205"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Energy Availability, Carbohydrate Intake, and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport: The Low Triiodothyronine Hypothesis.","authors":"Anthony C Hackney, Sam R Moore, Abbie Smith-Ryan","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent research findings suggest that a daily diet containing low carbohydrate (LCHO) consumption coupled with low energy availability (LEA, specifically what is termed problematic LEA [P-LEA]) exacerbates the risk of developing relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs). Regrettably, research evidence also indicates that dietary carbohydrates are likely underconsumed by many athletes in their daily diets. How these factors, P-LEA and LCHO intake, interact to precipitate the amplification of REDs risk is currently not entirely clear and is the source of much speculation.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>As such, we present herein a hypothetical model of how LCHO dietary intake and P-LEA exposure can interact to create an amplification of the endocrine disruptions associated with REDs, specifically via the development of a low triiodothyronine (T3) state, clinically referred to as low T3 syndrome. The hypothesis presented postulates that P-LEA + LCHO interact to promote reductions in T3 levels in part by inducing a greater cortisol response (at rest or exercise), which in turn inhibits the endocrine function involving the production of T3, as well as the conversion of thyroxine to T3. The resultant low T3 state in turn amplifies the negative hormonal consequences associated with REDs (eg, reduced reproductive, anabolic, and metabolic hormone levels).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Practically speaking, athletes and their coaches must recognize the importance of carbohydrates in the diet, specifically the amounts and the timing of their consumption; strive to avoid P-LEA exposure; and monitor for REDs indicators (eg, T3). Researchers are encouraged to pursue investigations to challenge and evaluate our proposed hypothesis concerning how low T3 is the critical factor in the negative hormonal consequences of REDs and the role cortisol plays in these outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy and Precision of the SlateSafety BandV2 and CORE Devices in Estimating Resting and Moderate Hyperthermic Exercise Temperature in Eumenorrheic Females.","authors":"Normand A Richard, Stephen S Cheung, Victoria E Claydon, Michael S Koehle, Anita T Coté","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0034","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Core temperature (Tcore) monitoring is used in the prevention of heat illnesses and for heat-acclimation purposes. We examined the accuracy and precision of 2 commercially available devices (BandV2 and CORE) that estimate Tcore versus rectal temperature.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eight eumenorrheic females (V˙O2max: ∼41 mL·kg-1·min-1) completed 60 minutes of cycling in the follicular phase and the luteal phase over 2 separate cycles, wearing a minimally permeable clothing ensemble to amplify thermal load.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both devices proved to be precise at rest and during exercise. Between duplicate follicular and luteal tests, the CORE device bias was 0.1400 (0.33) °C and 0.0331 (0.42) °C, and the BandV2 device bias was 0.0418 (0.18) °C and -0.0171 (0.21) °C. Compared with rectal temperature, accuracy was below our preestablished criterion of ±0.27 °C. At rest, the devices underestimated Tcore: BandV2, -0.2735 (0.25) °C, and CORE, -0.2746 (0.28) °C, and at the 55-minute time point, both devices overestimated Tcore: BandV2, +0.5117 (0.37) °C, and CORE, +0.3319 (0.43) °C. The delta increase in Tcore did not differ between menstrual-cycle phases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The BandV2 and CORE indirect sensors currently offer precise but not accurate estimates of Tcore.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1068-1078"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum. Accuracy and Precision of the SlateSafety BandV2 and CORE Devices in Estimating Resting and Moderate Hyperthermic Exercise Temperature in Eumenorrheic Females.","authors":"","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0325","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0325","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}