International journal of sports physiology and performance最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Training Load on Recovery, Wellness, and Performance in Elite Soccer Athletes.","authors":"Sam R Moore, Elena I Cantú, Abbie E Smith-Ryan","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2026-0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2026-0076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Athlete monitoring has emerged as a common method to track athlete status and adjust training for optimal performance. Despite the influx of monitoring-related resources at the collegiate level, actual training load modifications are largely anecdotal. This prospective cohort study investigated relationships between previous day training load, objective nightly recovery, and next-day subjective wellness and max speed (MS) in elite soccer athletes across a collegiate season.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-six collegiate female soccer athletes were tracked across the duration of their season (2024-2025) for training load (wearable global positioning systems monitors), objective nightly recovery (wearable recovery rings), next-day subjective wellness (morning wellness survey), and MS performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Previous day training load measures of distance and high-speed running were significant predictors of variables related to nightly objective sleep recovery, next day subjective readiness, and next day speed performance. High-speed running models consistently performed better than total distance for predicting changes in recovery, wellness, and MS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Numerous associations between previous day training load and objective and subjective measures increase accessibility of female athlete monitoring methods for applied practitioners. Although the magnitudes of coefficients vary, the consistency of significant findings across monitoring methods provides utility for continuous and comprehensive athlete monitoring, demonstrating the importance of subjective readiness measures beyond traditional performance metrics, while also addressing the paucity of literature in elite female athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148840319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Ramadan on Body Composition in Elite Youth Soccer Players: A Case Study.","authors":"Ibrahim Akubat, Capucine Bartrand, Ben Simpson, Juan Jose Morillas Pedreno, Karim Chamari","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2026-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2026-0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This case study examined the impact of Ramadan intermittent fasting on body composition in elite youth soccer players competing in Europe. Ramadan fasting poses unique physiological challenges for athletes, yet research in elite youth populations remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three male elite youth soccer players (aged 17-18 y) were monitored during Ramadan 2025. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the start and end of Ramadan. Variables included body mass (BM), lean BM, fat mass, fat-free mass, percentage body fat, and bone mineral density. Players maintained their usual training schedule and received tailored nutritional support, including periodized carbohydrate intake (5-10 g·kg BM-1) and protein targets (1.8-2.2 g·kg BM-1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Body composition was largely maintained across the fasting period. Players A and C showed negligible changes. Player B demonstrated a notable reduction in BM (-2.21 kg), primarily due to decreased lean BM (-2.12 kg), despite stable fat mass. Bone mineral density remained unchanged for all players.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Informed support strategies can help maintain body composition during Ramadan in elite youth soccer players but players may experience negative consequences and reductions in lean BM, indicating a need for individualized monitoring and intervention. Further research should explore dietary compliance and training load interactions to optimize performance and health during Ramadan intermittent fasting.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148818381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feet in or out: Exploring the Swim to Bike Transition in Junior Elite Triathletes.","authors":"Grant J Landers, Janay E Hendriks, Karen E Wallman","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examined the effect of prior maximal intensity swimming on subsequent cycling performance and compared cycling with feet in shoes (IN) versus feet out of shoes (OUT) during the swim to bike transition in junior elite triathletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten (3 females, 7 males) junior elite triathletes (mean [SD]; 19 [2] y; 172 [7] cm; 65 [6] kg) completed 3 trials separated by 7 days: a control cycling trial (CONT; no swim) and 2 experimental trials consisting of 750-m maximal intensity swim, followed by a 100-kJ maximal cycle effort (∼4 km equivalent) performed on a stationary cycle ergometer under IN and OUT conditions. Swimming was conducted in an outdoor pool with cycling performed in an adjacent laboratory 5 m from the pool. Transition time was defined as the time from swim completion to cycling commencement. Performance was determined by the time taken to complete transition and fixed cycle work.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Transition time was slower for IN (55.7 [6.1] s) than OUT (44.7 [5.7] s; P = .0001, d = 1.56). Cycle time was faster in CONT (289.2 [59.8] s) than IN (347.8 [78.6] s; d = 0.84) and OUT (376.9 [104.9] s; P = .0001, d = 1.03), with IN faster than OUT (P = .041). Combined transition and cycle times did not differ between conditions (P = .173, d = 0.23).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prior maximal intensity swimming impaired subsequent cycling performance. Although cycling with feet out of the shoes reduced transition time, it compromised cycling performance, resulting in no overall advantage in combined transition and cycle time. However, faster transitions may provide a tactical benefit in draft-legal events where early bike positioning is important.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148818403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Position-Specific Differences in Physical and Technical-Tactical Match Demands Across FIFA U17, U20, and Men's World Cups.","authors":"Wonwoo Ju, Woohyuk Chang, Tae-Seok Jeong, Jordi Ferrandis, Ryland Morgans, Allistair McRobert","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2026-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2026-0043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to compare physical and technical-tactical match performance across 13 specialized positions in 3 competitive levels of international football: the FIFA U17 World Cup Indonesia 2023 (U17WC), FIFA U20 World Cup Argentina 2023 (U20WC), and FIFA Men's World Cup Qatar 2022 (MWC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Physical and technical-tactical data from 168 matches were analyzed, with 1535 full-match player observations retained across competitions and positions. Linear and generalized linear mixed models were used to examine competition, position, and their interaction effects on match demands.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>U17WC players covered 2% to 4% lower total distance and 18% to 19% lower high-intensity running distance than U20WC and MWC players (P ≤ .0367; effect size: 0.2-0.5). MWC players recorded 11% to 31% greater sprinting distances and higher top speeds (P ≤ .0297; effect size: 0.1-0.5). Technical-tactical metrics generally increased with competition level, with MWC players performing more passes (+9% to 22%), offers to receive (+46% to 79%), ball receptions (+51% to 89%), and defensive pressures (+14% to 34%), alongside higher pass completion rates (+4%). In contrast, defensive actions such as tackles, blocks, clearances, and interceptions peaked at the U20WC. Across competitions, positional roles displayed systematic, position-dependent differences, with midfield and wide players demonstrating contrasts across a greater number of performance metrics, central defenders showing differences primarily in ball distribution, and forwards exhibiting increased technical-tactical involvement rather than greater running demands.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate that match performance differences were position-dependent across competitions, supporting the use of age-by-position benchmarks rather than generic age-group profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148792836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional Comparison of Specific Strength Qualities Between Professional and Academy Rugby Union Players.","authors":"Leslie K D Payne, Matthew C Varley, David L Carey, Matthew W Driller, Lachlan P James","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study had 2 aims. First, to test whether a concise set of strength metrics representing established strength domains can classify rugby union players as professional or academy. Second, to identify which individual metrics most clearly distinguish tiers using discriminant analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-three male rugby union players (professionals n = 20; academy n = 23) completed a full body strength battery including the isometric midthigh pull (IMTP), isometric bench press, isometric bench pull, dynamic back squat, dynamic bench press, dynamic bench pull, countermovement jump, and drop jump. Players were grouped by position (forwards and backs). Univariate tests and linear discriminant analyses compared playing level and identified the metrics which most strongly discriminated level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IMTP net force at 100 ms was the strongest discriminator, with professionals exceeding academy players in both backs (+406.7 N, d = 1.97, P = .004) and forwards (+302.1 N, d = 1.19, P = .006), reflected by greater percentage contribution to the discriminant function (backs 36.6%; forwards 57.2%). The linear discriminant model correctly classified 100% of backs and 81.5% of forwards into professional or academy level. Professional forwards demonstrated greater countermovement jump momentum (+39.3 kg·m/s, d = 2.02), greater IMTP net peak force (+819 N, d = 2.61), and higher reactive strength index (+0.76 m/s, d = 1.68).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tier differences were evident for a subset of strength qualities. IMTP net force at 100 ms is a robust indicator of competitive level in rugby union and is complemented by upper body isometric pulling strength among backs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148792878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromuscular Fatigue During a Simulated Sprint Triathlon Is Independent of Performance Level.","authors":"Vinicius Ferreira Dos Santos Andrade, Vinnicius Clodoveu Kvas-Cabral, Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva, Luana Loss Cabral, Vitor Bertoli Nascimento, Gleber Pereira","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the influence of trained triathletes' performance levels on neuromuscular fatigue development during a sprint triathlon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen male trained level triathletes performed a sprint triathlon simulation and were separated into \"higher performance experience volume\" (n = 11) and \"lower performance experience volume\" (n = 8) based on overall sprint triathlon race time, triathlon experience, and weekly training volume. Neuromuscular, central, and peripheral fatigue were evaluated from changes in force (maximal voluntary isometric contraction), voluntary activation level, and twitch responses of the quadriceps muscle (Qtw,pot), respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Swimming speed relative to critical speed, cycling power relative to cycling respiratory compensation point, and running speed relative to running respiratory compensation point were similar between groups (P ≥ .24). Significant main effects of time were observed for maximal voluntary isometric contraction, voluntary activation level, and Qtw,pot (P < .001), with no group or group × time effects (P > .14). Qtw,pot was lower at postswimming compared to baseline (P < .001) and further decreased postcycling (P < .001). Following the running phase, Qtw,pot partially recovered to values comparable to postswimming (P > .57), was greater than postcycling (P < .006), but remained below baseline (P < .001). This time-course was similar between lower performance experience volume and higher performance experience volume athletes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The trained athletes of higher performance experience volume and lower performance experience volume groups set the intensity of each discipline at similar threshold percentages, leading to similar levels of neuromuscular, central, and peripheral fatigue after each discipline of a sprint triathlon.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148792922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Total Hemoglobin Mass and Its Relationship With Conditioning Indices During Altitude Training at 1700 m.","authors":"Michitaka Hirayama, Akiko Matsuda, Kazuhiro Sakamoto, Mitsuo Neya","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0672","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Increased total hemoglobin (Hb) mass is a physiological adaptation to altitude training; however, considerable individual differences have been observed in this response. This study aimed to determine the relationship between changes in total Hb mass (Hbmass) and conditioning indices during altitude training at an elevation of 1700 m.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen male long-distance runners participated in an altitude training camp at 1700 m for 9 to 23 days. The Hbmass was determined using a carbon monoxide rebreathing method. Daily conditioning indices, including arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), SpO2/HR ratio, subjective ratings of fatigue, sleep depth, training intensity, sleep duration, and daily running distance, were measured or recorded each morning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hbmass increased by 1.4% (1.9%) on average, with individual changes ranging from -2.1% to 4.6% (-18 to 35 g). A significant positive correlation was observed between ΔHbmass and duration of stay at altitude (r = .695, P = .003). In the multiple regression analysis, duration of stay (B = .235, P = .001) and the SpO2/HR ratio (B = -4.462, P = .001) were identified as significant predictors of Hbmass change (R2 = .819).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that increases in Hbmass may occur even at an altitude of 1700 m when sufficient exposure duration is ensured. Furthermore, the SpO2/HR ratio may serve as a practical indicator reflecting individual physiological responses during altitude training.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1143-1148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148684618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menstrual Cycle Effects on Performance Parameters in Female Football Players: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Kristine D Rasmussen, Mette S Bisgaard, Mette Hansen","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0432","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2025-0432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the influence of menstrual cycle (MC) phases on performance-determining parameters in female football players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and SPORTDiscus (last updated January 2026) following PRISMA guidelines. Studies were eligible if they included eumenorrheic female football players and assessed at least one quantitative performance outcome across 2 or more defined MC phases. Outcomes were categorized into aerobic performance (eg, total running distance, Yo-Yo tests), sprint and high-intensity running, and agility and power-related parameters (eg, jumps, change in direction). Methodological quality and MC phase verification were assessed using a modified version of an existing quality tool. Outcomes were synthesized using a structured, domain-based comparison across MC phases. This review was not registered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen prospective observational studies (total n = 210) met inclusion criteria. Evidence for MC phase effects on performance was inconsistent. Five studies reported reduced aerobic and/or sprint performance in the early follicular phase compared with the late follicular or mid-luteal phases, while 10 studies found no differences. No consistent effect of MC phase was observed on agility and power-related outcomes. Methodological limitations across studies included small sample sizes, inconsistent MC phase verification, and variability in performance tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Current evidence suggests that aerobic and sprint performance may be slightly impaired during the early follicular phase in female football players, but findings remain inconclusive. Standardized protocols and hormonal confirmation of MC phases are needed to clarify the impact of hormonal fluctuations on sport-specific performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1098-1106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Recovery Measures and Performance: A Case Study From Ski Jumping.","authors":"Emilie E Asp, Ola A Elfmark, Dionne A Noordhof","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2026-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2026-0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Athletes are advised to take an individualized approach when adjusting training and recovery to their menstrual cycle (MC), due to potential variation in the effect of the MC on training, recovery, and performance.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the effect of MC phase, defined based on literature and symptom occurrence/severity, on recovery measures and performance in an elite female ski jumper.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A world-class female ski jumper collected data on her MC, MC-related symptoms, recovery measures (resting heart rate and heart rate variability), and performance. The MC was divided into menstrual bleeding (MB), days 1 to 5; premenstruation (PM), 1 to 4 days before the start of the next MC; and mid-phase (MP), the remaining days. Ski jumping results were recalculated to adjust for wind points and take-off speed to get a physical performance score (Spp). Data are reported as median (interquartile range).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MC length was 24 days (20-26), and symptom severity of depressive and physical symptoms was highest during the last 2 days of the cycle. Resting heart rate was 45 (43-47) beats/min in MB, 47 (45-48) beats/min in MP, and 48 (45-49) beats/min in PM. Heart rate variability was 78 (67-82) ms in MB, 70 (65-76) ms in MP, and 74 (67-85) ms in PM. Performance data in normal hill and large hill followed somewhat opposite patterns, with a potentially better performance in normal hill and worse in large hill during PM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Recovery measures and performance in individual athletes can be influenced by MC phase, with these seemingly being most influenced by cycle-related symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148669481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Time-Based and Distance-Based Repeated Sprint Training on Physical and Physiological Adaptations in Collegiate Basketball Players.","authors":"Xiang Wang, Le Cao, Lei Zheng","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2026-0137","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijspp.2026-0137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to compare the effects of time-based (TB) and distance-based (DB) repeated-sprint training (RST) on athletic performance adaptations in collegiate basketball players during preseason and to examine whether the 2 training prescriptions produce different levels of homogeneity in the magnitude of individual adaptations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty young male basketball players (age = 21.3 [1.4] y) were randomly and equally assigned to 3 groups (n = 10): DB-RST, TB-RST, and an active control group. Participants completed a 7-week RST program performed 3 times per week, consisting of 4 sets of 4 to 9 repetitions per session. The DB-RST group completed each sprint by covering a fixed 35-m distance, whereas the TB-RST group performed each sprint maximally for a fixed 5-second duration. Performance assessments including countermovement vertical jump, 20-m sprint, Illinois change-of-direction speed, reactive strength index, Wingate anaerobic power, and cardiorespiratory fitness were conducted before and after the 7-week training period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both training groups demonstrated significant performance improvements over the 7-week intervention and relative to the control group (P < .05). Similar gains were observed in the magnitude of adaptations in the countermovement vertical jump, 20-m sprint, Illinois change-of-direction speed, and reactive strength index for the DB-RST and TB-RST groups. Interestingly, the TB-RST group showed more gains than the DB-RST in the magnitude of adaptations in the peak and mean power outputs, as well as cardiorespiratory fitness. Moreover, the TB-RST group showed lower intersubject variability in adaptive responses across the measured performance outcomes following the training intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that RST effectively enhances the performance of basketball players, and that implementing a TB-RST protocol is more effective than a DB-RST approach for producing greater adaptations in physiological variables-specifically anaerobic power output and cardiorespiratory fitness-over the 7-week preseason period.</p>","PeriodicalId":14295,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","volume":" ","pages":"1058-1065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148669208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}