International Journal of Pharmacy Practice最新文献

{"title":"A systematic analysis of medicine information pertaining to race and ethnicity terms for 100 top selling medicines in the USA.","authors":"Nancy A Alvarez, Wendy DeBano, Jason Agundez, Rion Poland, Brian L Erstad","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary objective of the study focused on the analysis of the terminology used to describe race and/or ethnicity in package inserts for the 100 top-selling medicines in 2021 and to the evaluation of this data based on overall terminology use frequency, terminology use frequency by medication class, and frequency of terminology appearance under specific insert headings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data collection involved reviewing package inserts for 100 top-selling medicines approved in the USA starting with the top 10 medicines followed by the remaining 90 medicines on the list. For the initial 10 medicines, a sample package insert was obtained from the DailyMed website, a resource supported by the US National Library of Medicine and analyzed for the explicit use of race or ethnicity terminology. Identified terms were coded and a list of relevant terms was compiled. A sample package insert for each of the other 90 medicines was analyzed using the list of relevant terminology. A final list to represent the use and quantification of race and ethnicity terminology was compiled.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>This qualitative study revealed that some of the terminology in US medicine information labeling is not consistent with the current wording recommended in FDA guidance for race and ethnicity data collection during clinical trials and other studies. Another finding of this analysis is variation in the frequency of use of race and ethnicity terminology relative to the medicine category and sections of the package insert.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Healthcare providers must be cautious when evaluating package inserts, especially race/ethnicity-related terminology that may not reflect current medicine development requirements or when changes occur to tools previously influenced by information used in clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacists' acceptability of provision of sexually transmitted infection services: a scoping review.","authors":"Kathleen M Bergin, Emily K Black, Andrea L Murphy, Deborah V Kelly, Kyle John Wilby","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pharmacists are taking on more roles in helping to close the gap in care for sexually transmitted infection (STI) management services. The acceptability of pharmacists to perform these services is not yet well understood. The objective of this review was to map, characterize, and explicate the acceptability of pharmacist-delivered STI services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted. Three databases (PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL) were searched up to July 2024 for articles relating to the acceptability of pharmacists to independently assess and manage issues relating to STIs. The results were then mapped to the theoretical framework of acceptability (TFA).</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>A total of 2181 publications were identified. 22 studies met inclusion criteria and assessed at least one outcome aligning within the constructs of the TFA. Services relating to pre-exposure prophylaxis prescribing, point-of-care testing, chlamydia (and gonorrhea) testing and treatment, and human papillomavirus vaccine prescribing were identified. The overall acceptability of pharmacist-delivered STI services was high across the constructs of the TFA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review outlines that the acceptability of pharmacists to provide STI management is high and pharmacists are willing to take on accountability for these services. Pharmacists believe that they have a moral obligation to improve the health and wellbeing of their patients, while, decreasing the burden on the broader health care system.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural insights about barriers and facilitators to returning inhalers to the community pharmacy in Wales for safe disposal: patient and community pharmacy perspectives.","authors":"Catherine Heidi Seage, Aleysha Caffoor, Alys Harrop, Angharad Wooldridge, Hannah Thomas, Sian Evans, Sarah Brown, Delyth H James","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Inhalers containing hydrofluorocarbons have significant global warming potential. This project aimed to understand patient and community pharmacy (CP) staff perspectives on engaging in a CP-based inhaler recycling scheme.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The COM-B Model of Behaviour and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) underpinned the qualitative data collection methodology. Data from eleven patients and five CP staff were mapped to the COM-B, TDF, and Behaviour Change Wheel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients and CP staff believed widespread knowledge of the need for, and existence of inhaler recycling schemes would encourage participation, building on existing recycling behaviours and aligning with moral obligations. Patients viewed CPs as trusted information sources, well-placed to raise recycling awareness. No patient participants recycled their inhalers and they felt that CPs were not adequately promoting recycling. Despite being involved in a pilot scheme, CP staff described having insufficient time with patients to encourage recycling. Patients saw inhaler recycling as integral to the CP's professional role whereas CP staff felt this responsibility was for the wider healthcare team. Both groups agreed inhaler recycling awareness should be raised, highlighted the busyness of CPs as a barrier to conversations, and considered feedback on the inhaler recycling pilots success an important motivator.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides new insights into patient' and CP staff views on inhaler disposal. Whilst some barriers and facilitators were the same for both, identified areas of divergence surrounded the TDF Domain Professional Role and Identity. Further research should quantify the extent to which the wider population and CPs in Wales hold these views.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Availability of pharmacy services within acute medicine: analysis from the Society for Acute Medicine Benchmarking Audit 2022.","authors":"Ekta Punj, Catherine Atkin, Christian Subbe, Elizabeth Sapey","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Patients seen in acute medicine services are at high risk of medication errors and subsequent harm. Pharmacy services within acute medicine or emergency departments have been shown to reduce medication errors and improve patient outcomes. However, there is a limited understanding of the national provision of pharmacy services within acute medicine. We aimed to evaluate the current availability of pharmacy services for acute medicine patients in the UK.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected through an organizational survey of acute medicine departments nationally in June 2022. Questions aimed to evaluate the organization and availability of pharmacy services necessary to meet national guidance regarding medication reconciliation for acute admissions.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Across 129 acute hospitals in the UK, 98% utilized pharmacy services for medicines reconciliation on the acute medical unit, however, only 36% of hospitals had access to these services from 9 am to 5 pm on the weekend, and only 16% had access throughout the out of hours period (Monday-Sunday, 5 pm-9 am). Availability of out-of-hours services did not appear to be related to hospital size (Chi-square P = .94). Pharmacy services were provided in the emergency department in 29% of hospitals, with only 12% providing 24/7 coverage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is considerable variation in pharmacy services accessible within acute medicine services nationally. Further research is required to understand this variability, its impact on clinical outcomes, and how this could best be addressed within acute medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community pharmacists' referrals to General Practice with suspected need of antibiotics: an Australian cross-sectional pilot study.","authors":"Paulina Stehlik, Rebekah Moles, Mark Jones, Amanda Murray, Sarira El-Den, Mark Morgan, Chris Del Mar","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf009","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interventions to reduce antibiotic use focus on general practitioners (GPs) and patient behaviour, not pharmacists, who may inadvertently drive antibiotic expectations by referrals to GPs. No data are available on pharmacist referrals for suspected antibiotic-requiring infections. We conducted a feasibility pilot to provide data for robust sample size calculation and identify areas for further exploration.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Pharmacists and GPs were recruited independently using convenience sampling. They completed prospective data collection on 20 consecutive minor ailment encounters and consultations respectively. Pharmacists recorded patient gender, age, referral reason, and any comments. GPs recorded patient age, gender, reason for visit, and origin of patient referral including self-referral. All data were analysed descriptively. Generalized estimating equation multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate factors that may be associated with pharmacist referral rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We recruited 19 pharmacists representing 466 minor ailments encounters, and 19 GPs representing 394 consultations. Pharmacists referred 17% (77/466) of all minor ailments encounters for suspected antibiotic-requiring infections. Comments suggested reasons included upper-respiratory tract, ear nose and throat, and urinary tract infections. Most of suspected antibiotic-requiring infections referrals were to a GP (81%; 62/77). No GP consultations for infection (n = 88) were documented as being referred by a pharmacist; the majority were self-referred (77%; 68/88).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our pilot indicated that exploration of pharmacist referral for antibiotics is feasible and warranted. Future studies should quantify referral rates, reasons for referral, and observed differences between pharmacist and GP results. Our results should be used for the basis of a robust sample size calculation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"256-261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closing the gap: achieving equity for disabled pharmacy professionals.","authors":"Ashifa Trivedi, Rebecca Burgoyne, Amira Chaudry, Amna Khan-Patel, Maria Nasim, Sinéad Peare, Nisha Thakrar, Clare Thomson","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf020","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"350-353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic burden of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery on government and patients: a two-center study.","authors":"Layla Abdullah Mahdi, Ali Azeez Al-Jumaili, Cole G Chapman","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf018","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this cost-of-illness study was to determine the direct medical costs associated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures from both governmental (Ministry of Health) and patient (private sector) perspectives within the context of hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study was conducted on patients who underwent CABG at two cardiac surgical centers in Baghdad, Iraq: a public and a private hospital. Data were collected from January through July 2024. In the public ward, direct medical costs (DMCs) were extracted from patients' medical records, healthcare providers, and hospital administration. In the private ward/hospital, DMCs were extracted from hospital bills. The cost of the CABG procedure was measured as the cost of the entire hospital admission during which the surgery was performed.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>The study included 90 patients. Among these patients, 30 were admitted to each of the public ward, private ward, and private hospital. For patients in the public ward, the average cost of CABG during hospitalization was $4,712.89 per patient. For patients admitted to the private ward, the average charges were $3,963 while the actual average cost was $4,504 per patient. On average, each patient paid $9,461 to the private hospital for CABG hospitalization. Finally, in the public ward, CABG materials were the highest cost component (35%) of total expenditure, followed by surgical team labor cost (26%) and hospitalization costs (13.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite patients paying charges for CABG in the private ward in the government hospital, the Ministry of Health continues to provide subsidized prices to lower the actual costs. The charges of CABG in the private hospital were double the actual costs of the public ward since it imposes profit. Finally, the study methodologies can be adopted by any country operating under the Beveridge Model or out-of-pocket health systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"325-331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal requirements for pharmacist supervision in the UK.","authors":"David Henry Reissner","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf019","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"347-349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse drug reaction reporting by New Zealand pharmacists: a cross-sectional investigation of community and hospital pharmacists.","authors":"Emily Whyte, Nadia Hussain, Mudassir Anwar","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf017","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to investigate the factors influencing adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting among New Zealand's community and hospital pharmacists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two surveys were created for distinct practice settings, with the demographics section tailored to each setting while the core content remained consistent. The surveys included six sections: demographics, reporting practices, attitudes and behaviours towards reporting, barriers, facilitators to reporting, and future improvements. Sections 3-6 used Likert scale questions to measure agreement. Participants were identified from a list of registered pharmacists in New Zealand who had consented to participate in research during their practice license renewal, obtained from the Pharmacy Council. The surveys were emailed to 2762 pharmacists with a 23% (n = 632) response rate. The collected data underwent descriptive statistical analysis using SPSS® and inferential statistics were applied. Fisher's exact test determined relationships between responses and practice setting and Relative Importance Index (RII) quantified statement importance.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>The majority of the participants were female (74.8%), European (63%), and aged 31-40 years. Analysis revealed time as the main influence on ADR reporting. While both groups had positive attitudes towards reporting, they identified the time-consuming nature as the most significant barrier. Online reporting was identified as the most important facilitator. Of potential interventions, hospital pharmacists found having full access to patient information most important, whereas community pharmacists prioritized a built-in reporting tool.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although pharmacists had positive attitudes towards ADR reporting, time constraints hindered reporting. To improve reporting practices, we recommend the implementation of a pharmacy patient management system and the ability to access full patient information.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"308-315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology-enabled community pharmacies: qualitative evaluation of a framework for assessing technology solutions.","authors":"Ayomide Ogundipe, Tin Fei Sim, Lynne Emmerton","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf026","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Optimal provision of pharmacists' professional services requires integrated digital health platforms and ideally an evaluation framework to guide implementation and adoption. The Technology Evaluation Key (TEK) framework, which combines three published models describing technology usage behaviour, had not been applied to identify technological needs for community pharmacists to enable practice. This research aimed to describe pharmacists' needs relating to information communication technology (ICT) platforms and apply the findings to refine the TEK framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted in Australia between June and July 2022 (approval number HRE2022-0249). A systematic scoping review, face and content validation, and field testing guided the development of the interview tool. Semi-structured online interviews were conducted with participants until data saturation, where no new themes emerged. Following Braun and Clarke's six-step reflexive thematic analysis, a deductive-to-inductive approach was utilised to identify themes, which were applied to the TEK framework to refine domains. Coding was conducted by [A.O.] and confirmed by consensus with the other authors.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Twenty-four pharmacists were interviewed. Thematic analysis identified technological needs that included greater system integration, interoperability, and increased user access to nationally commissioned ICT systems. The TEK framework was refined from nine to eight domains accordingly (healthcare system, organisation, practitioner, ICT, user experience, logistics and operations, system integrity, and clinical impact).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlighted areas for improvement in implementing ICT platforms to meet the needs of community pharmacists as users of these technologies. The refined TEK framework can guide ICT development, implementation, and evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"279-291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}