International Journal of Pharmacy Practice最新文献

{"title":"Public perceptions of community pharmacy roles in public health services: further content validity analysis of free text comments from the PubPharmQ Questionnaire.","authors":"Sarah L Brown, Jordan E Smith, Rose Rapado, Amie-Louise Prior, Delyth H James","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Establishing the extent to which the public is ready to engage in community pharmacy (CP)-based public-health-related services in the UK is essential for maximizing uptake. The PubPharmQ was developed to measure public perceptions of these roles to identify the barriers to and facilitators for service uptake. The aim of this paper is to describe further content validity testing of the PubPharmQ, through analysis of the qualitative free-text comments provided by participants during the psychometric testing phase of questionnaire development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Template analysis was undertaken of free-text comments provided by participants during the development and psychometric testing of the PubPharmQ, allowing for deductive and inductive analysis across the dataset.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Of the 306 respondents who completed the PubPharmQ, 78 (25.5%) provided at least one free-text comment (total 172 comments). Six themes were constructed from the data. Four themes, Role in Public Health, Relationship, Privacy, and Expertise, were deductively mapped from PubPharmQ scales. Two new themes were identified inductively; Perceived Capacity (i.e. perceived staff capacity to deliver public health roles) and Care-seeking Behaviour: Pharmacy First (i.e. likelihood to access CP for advice before another healthcare provider).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide further underpinning support for the PubPharmQ content validity whilst highlighting one further potential perceived barrier to the public's engagement with public-health-related-services in the CP (i.e. Capacity). Future use of the PubPharmQ should consider adding questions relating to perceived capacity of CP staff to deliver public-health-related services, and the likelihood of seeking advice from CP first.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ending nuclear weapons, before they end us†.","authors":"Kamran Abbasi, Parveen Ali, Virginia Barbour, Marion Birch, Inga Blum, Peter Doherty, Andy Haines, Ira Helfand, Richard Horton, Kati Juva, Jose F Lapena, Robert Mash, Olga Mironova, Arun Mitra, Carlos Monteiro, Elena N Naumova, David Onazi, Tilman Ruff, Peush Sahni, James Tumwine, Carlos Umaña, Paul Yonga, Chris Zielinski","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in the potentially inappropriate use of antipsychotic and benzodiazepine medications among individuals receiving residential medication management reviews.","authors":"Mouna J Sawan, Alexander J Clough, Jodie Hillen, Andrew R Zullo, Daniela C Moga, Natalie Soulsby, Danijela Gnjidic","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the variation in the use of potentially inappropriate antipsychotic and benzodiazepine medications in residents who have received a medication review and to evaluate the extent to which this variation is associated with aged care home (ACH) and resident characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional, retrospective study used pharmacist-extracted data from 15,442 residents across 342 Australian ACHs who had a medication review during 2019. The proportion of residents receiving ≥1 potentially inappropriate antipsychotic and benzodiazepine medication according to Beers criteria were classified into quintiles by facility usage (Q1-Q5). Quintile characteristics were compared using descriptive analysis of facility and resident data. Logistic regression was used to compare individual usage between residents in each quintile adjusting for facility and resident characteristics.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>The cohort had mean age 85 years (SD ±9), with less than 14% of residents in Q1 (n = 68), and >31% of residents in Q5 (n = 68) using an antipsychotic. For benzodiazepines, these proportions were <19% in Q1 (n = 68) and >45% in Q5 (n = 67). Facilities in major cities were significantly more likely to report antipsychotic (Q1:74% vs Q5:88%, P = .03) and benzodiazepine use (Q1:69% vs Q5:87%, P = .015). Residents in Q5 were seven times more likely to be prescribed an antipsychotic (aOR:7.22, 95% CI:5.93-8.79) than residents in Q1, and eight times more likely to be prescribed a benzodiazepine (aOR:8.57, 95% CI 7.33-10.01, P < .001) than residents in Q1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Significant variation exists in potentially inappropriate antipsychotic and benzodiazepine use among ACH residents receiving a medication review highlighting the need for further research to reduce prescribing of these high-risk medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal requirements for pharmacist supervision in the UK.","authors":"David Henry Reissner","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Pharmacy Staff Referral of Patients with Diarrhea to Medical Consultation: A Simulated Patient Study.","authors":"Eman A Hammad, Noor Altaher, Ala'a Tarazi, Abdalrahman Majdlaweyh, Noorhan Albayati, Jamal Samhan, Suba Rasheed, Majed Shafaamri, Sinaa Al-Aqeel","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives were (i) to assess the ability of community pharmacy staff in Jordan to identify diarrhea symptoms suggestive of bacterial gastroenteritis and advise patients to see a physician and (ii) to identify the factors influencing the referral decisions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study used the simulated patient (SP) approach. Four SPs conveyed a symptom-based scenario of bacterial gastroenteritis. Each visit was assessed for three outcomes: appropriateness of the visit outcome (i.e. referral decision), pharmacist's information gathering behavior, and pharmacist's professional behavior. Factors influencing the referral behavior, information content, and professional behavior were also investigated.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Sixty-one visits were conducted. For 52 (85%) visits, the SP was referred to a physician. This was spontaneous in 35 visits (57%) and prompted by the SP in 17 visits (28%). For 24 (39%) visits, the pharmacy staff unnecessarily dispensed an antibiotic. Younger pharmacy staff, those located in Amman, and those working during afternoon shifts were more likely to refer patients (all P-value < .05). A significant correlation was found between the referral score and the information gathering behavior (P = .014).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The failure to identify the need to refer SPs with symptoms suggestive of a serious illness may result in treatment delays and compromised patient safety. The dispensing of unnecessary antibiotics can increase antimicrobial resistance. Further actions are required to optimize patient management in community pharmacy settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and opportunities in community pharmacists' identification and management of dry eye disease: a qualitative study.","authors":"Shong Li Ng, Adrian Tey, Renukha Sellappans, Raja Ahsan Aftab, Yat Yin Leong, Mei Qian Yau, Bee Kim Tan","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore Malaysian community pharmacists' (CP) challenges in identifying and managing dry eye disease (DED) and opportunities to optimize DED care, as previous studies reported inconsistencies in DED identification by community pharmacy staff, and few publications describe Malaysian CP views on DED management in community pharmacy settings.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using the Social Ecological Theory for Community Health Promotion, individual in-depth interviews were conducted (May-June 2023) with 20 CP in Malaysia's Klang Valley. Participants with diverse DED management experiences were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling until data saturation. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, independently coded by two researchers, and thematically analysed.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>CP faced 12 challenges in identifying and managing DED: patient-related (brand rigidity, 'quick fix' attitude, inadequate health literacy, and self-efficacy skills), provider-related (imprecise assessment, referral difficulties, knowledge gaps), therapeutics-related (short shelf life, affordability), and pharmacy-related (limited manpower, inadequate private consultation space, low eye health visibility). The 12 opportunities for optimizing DED care were community-related (eye health education, holistic approaches, public awareness), profession-related (decision-support mobile health applications integrated with evidence-based DED management protocols to streamline consultation processes, interdisciplinary collaborations), industry-related (pharmaceutical and medical device advancements, comparative data on medication value, promotion of proactive management), and organization-related (management-mandated resource allocation, ancillary staff education, and expanded products and services).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Malaysian CP encountered challenges in identifying and managing DED. Knowledge sharing and collaborations with ophthalmologists improve DED management by CP, while clinicians can stay updated on medication-related recommendations and treatment adherence. The role of digital health in these processes requires further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology-enabled community pharmacies: qualitative evaluation of a framework for assessing technology solutions.","authors":"Ayomide Ogundipe, Tin Fei Sim, Lynne Emmerton","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Optimal provision of pharmacists' professional services requires integrated digital health platforms and ideally an evaluation framework to guide implementation and adoption. The Technology Evaluation Key (TEK) framework, which combines three published models describing technology usage behaviour, had not been applied to identify technological needs for community pharmacists to enable practice. This research aimed to describe pharmacists' needs relating to information communication technology (ICT) platforms and apply the findings to refine the TEK framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted in Australia between June and July 2022 (approval number HRE2022-0249). A systematic scoping review, face and content validation, and field testing guided the development of the interview tool. Semi-structured online interviews were conducted with participants until data saturation, where no new themes emerged. Following Braun and Clarke's six-step reflexive thematic analysis, a deductive-to-inductive approach was utilised to identify themes, which were applied to the TEK framework to refine domains. Coding was conducted by [A.O.] and confirmed by consensus with the other authors.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Twenty-four pharmacists were interviewed. Thematic analysis identified technological needs that included greater system integration, interoperability, and increased user access to nationally commissioned ICT systems. The TEK framework was refined from nine to eight domains accordingly (healthcare system, organisation, practitioner, ICT, user experience, logistics and operations, system integrity, and clinical impact).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlighted areas for improvement in implementing ICT platforms to meet the needs of community pharmacists as users of these technologies. The refined TEK framework can guide ICT development, implementation, and evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of pregabalin-induced oedema using the adverse event spontaneous reporting database and the prescription claims database.","authors":"Hitoshi Ito, Yoshitaka Hasegawa, Mamoru Maeda, Ryota Tsukioka, Masao Tsuchiya, Nobuhiro Yasuno, Miya Oishi","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Pregabalin may reduce the quality of life due to oedema, which may lead to further adverse events if co-administered with diuretics. This study investigated the occurrence of oedema and loop diuretic prescriptions in Japanese patients treated with pregabalin, including the temporal characteristics of the onset and factors associated with oedema.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database, we performed logistic regression analysis to calculate adjusted reporting odds ratios to assess the association between pregabalin and oedema, and time-of-onset analysis to identify the timing of oedema onset. Using the prescription claims database of the Japanese pharmacy group, we assessed the occurrence of loop diuretic prescriptions associated with pregabalin by calculating the adjusted sequence ratios in the prescription sequence symmetry analysis, and identified the associated factors in subgroup analyses.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>The adjusted reporting odds ratio was 6.89 (95% confidence interval: 5.96-7.91) for pregabalin, adjusted for age and sex as covariates. The median time to onset of oedema was 16.0 days (interquartile range: 6.0-42.0 days). The adjusted sequence ratio was 1.17 (95% confidence interval: 1.09-1.25), with subgroup analyses confirming a significant association at starting doses of 150 mg/day and more.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that oedema and loop diuretic prescriptions are associated with pregabalin use. Pregabalin-induced oedema was more common early in treatment and loop diuretics were more likely to be prescribed when the starting dose of pregabalin was 150 mg/day or more.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic burden of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery on government and patients: a two-center study.","authors":"Layla Abdullah Mahdi, Ali Azeez Al-Jumaili, Cole G Chapman","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this cost-of-illness study was to determine the direct medical costs associated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures from both governmental (Ministry of Health) and patient (private sector) perspectives within the context of hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study was conducted on patients who underwent CABG at two cardiac surgical centers in Baghdad, Iraq: a public and a private hospital. Data were collected from January through July 2024. In the public ward, direct medical costs (DMCs) were extracted from patients' medical records, healthcare providers, and hospital administration. In the private ward/hospital, DMCs were extracted from hospital bills. The cost of the CABG procedure was measured as the cost of the entire hospital admission during which the surgery was performed.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>The study included 90 patients. Among these patients, 30 were admitted to each of the public ward, private ward, and private hospital. For patients in the public ward, the average cost of CABG during hospitalization was $4,712.89 per patient. For patients admitted to the private ward, the average charges were $3,963 while the actual average cost was $4,504 per patient. On average, each patient paid $9,461 to the private hospital for CABG hospitalization. Finally, in the public ward, CABG materials were the highest cost component (35%) of total expenditure, followed by surgical team labor cost (26%) and hospitalization costs (13.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite patients paying charges for CABG in the private ward in the government hospital, the Ministry of Health continues to provide subsidized prices to lower the actual costs. The charges of CABG in the private hospital were double the actual costs of the public ward since it imposes profit. Finally, the study methodologies can be adopted by any country operating under the Beveridge Model or out-of-pocket health systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mixed methods protocol for an impact and implementation evaluation of the Pharmacy First Services for management of common conditions in England.","authors":"Rebecca E Glover, Mirza Lalani, Kimberley Sonnex, Thomas Allen, Claire Anderson, Diane Ashiru-Oredope, Anthony Avery, Carol Coupland, Rachel Elliott, James Goulding, Hannah Higgins, Stacy Johnson, Brian Mackenna, Berit Muller-Pebody, Stephen O'Neill, Agata Pacho, Amelia Taylor, Tracey Thornley, Nicholas Mays","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf004","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In response to high levels of demand for primary medical services in England, characterized by longer appointment waiting times and delayed referrals, the Government developed its National Health Service (NHS) Primary Care Recovery Plan. A key component of the plan is Pharmacy First (PF), which involves participating community pharmacies supplying prescription-only medicine after consultation with a pharmacist for seven common conditions: earache, uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women, sore throat, sinusitis, impetigo, shingles, and infected insect bites. The study aims to evaluate the implementation of the PF service and its impact on the volume of prescribing, case mix of General Practitioner consultations, accident and emergency department and other hospital use, equity of access, and cost for different groups of patients in different contexts, as well as its acceptability and fidelity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 36-month, mixed methods evaluation with five elements, namely evidence synthesis, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, quantitative analysis of impacts before and after implementation (e.g. using interrupted time series analysis) using routine data, and an economic evaluation. Findings will be synthesized and interpreted using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research supplemented by Proctor's Implementation Outcomes Framework.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The evaluation should have service level, policy, professional, and research impact both in England and beyond. This includes generating evidence to show: whether PF contributes to improving primary healthcare access, assessing the quality of antimicrobial use, identifying the scope for refinements to PF, and, overall, informing better implementation of PF. The findings will also provide robust evidence to enable policymakers to determine how to enhance the role of community pharmacy in England in the future. Furthermore, the evaluation will develop a data dashboard, and the methods and codes used to interrogate it (though not the patient data), will be made publicly available that could support other similar evaluations in England and internationally.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"152-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}