Elissa S Y Aeng, Peggy Hung, Alfie Chung, Deborah Heidary, Aaron M Tejani
{"title":"Breathing easier: removing maintenance inhalers from hospital wardstock for cost savings and waste reduction.","authors":"Elissa S Y Aeng, Peggy Hung, Alfie Chung, Deborah Heidary, Aaron M Tejani","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf047","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maintenance inhalers are commonly used for long-term management of respiratory conditions. These multidose devices contain several weeks of medication, are expensive, and have significant global emissions impact. As these medications are not useful for managing acute symptoms, it was questioned whether keeping these inhalers in hospital wardstock locations may contribute to inhaler wastage.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine if removal of maintenance inhalers from wardstock would reduce the number of inhalers dispensed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective quality improvement study examining medication utilization data within the Fraser Health Authority. An inventory report was run to determine where maintenance inhalers were located to select hospital sites to target. Maintenance inhalers were removed from wardstock at chosen sites and utilization data from 6 months prior to removal were compared to 6 months post-removal. Outcomes reported were change in number of inhalers dispensed, change in number of inhalers dispensed per active-order-day, change in expenditure, and change in carbon emissions. Informal assessments on workload and access were made during the 6-month follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Within 6 months after maintenance inhalers were removed from wardstock at two hospitals, 119 fewer inhalers and 43 fewer dry powder inhaler capsules were dispensed, representing $4541 in savings and a reduction in carbon emissions equivalent to 6,770.5 km driven by a typical gasoline car-enough to drive across Canada from the Pacific to the Atlantic coast. No indications of delayed access or increased workload were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Routine reassessments of wardstock supply of maintenance inhalers or medications that are not acutely needed may be useful in alignment with formulary budget and planetary health.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"521-525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guideline adherence for controlling incidence of medication errors: a systematic mixed-method review.","authors":"Fatemeh Bakhshi, Rebecca Mitchell, Afifeh Khosravi, Mahnaz Antikchi","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf049","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The article reviews the factors that affect healthcare professionals' adherence to safe medication therapy guidelines, which are important for patient safety and quality of care. The purpose of this review was to further our knowledge on the factors and interventions that contribute to medication guideline adherence among healthcare professionals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review employed a systematic, mixed-methods approach. The authors searched five databases for mixed studies (qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods) from 2011 to 2023 and appraised them using the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool (MMAT). They extracted and synthesized the data using narrative synthesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria. We found that the factors influencing medication guideline adherence vary by the roles and settings of healthcare professionals. We classified these factors into four categories: guideline level, personnel level, system level, and leadership level. Guideline-level factors refer to the clarity and consistency of the medication guidelines, policies, or protocols. Personnel-level factors involve the behavior, education, and practice of healthcare professionals. System-level factors relate to the institutional and systemic aspects that support and maintain medication guideline adherence. Leadership-level factors concern the planning and management of medication guideline implementation by healthcare managers. We also discussed the interventions that can improve guideline adherence, including (i) educational programs, (ii) pharmacist-based interventions, and (iii) computerized prescribing programs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review provides a typology of factors to help organizations enhance medication safety adherence. The findings highlight the important role of hospital pharmacists in building multifaceted and multidisciplinary programs to address guideline adherence issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"477-493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solafa M W Noorsaeed, Hisham Alshammari, Natalie Weir, Amanj Kurdi
{"title":"Exploring community pharmacy services in Gulf Cooperation Council countries: a scoping review.","authors":"Solafa M W Noorsaeed, Hisham Alshammari, Natalie Weir, Amanj Kurdi","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf041","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The role of community pharmacists (CPs) is evolving worldwide. However, evidence on the expanding role of CPs in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to describe the type, nature, extent, and/or effectiveness of community pharmacy-based services in GCC countries.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria: </strong>All primary studies involving existing, piloted community pharmacy services or services being explored for future implementation in the GCC countries were eligible for inclusion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched from inception to 6 December 2024. Screening and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. Results were narratively synthesized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 116 studies were included. The majority were from KSA (N = 61, 52.6%) and UAE (N = 38, 32.8%), with none in Oman and Bahrain. Besides the nationally practised dispensing and counselling, tele-pharmacy/E-prescription was implemented nationwide in the UAE and KSA. In some countries, minor ailments management, pregnant and lactating women care, reporting adverse drug reactions, immunization, chronic conditions monitoring, independent prescribing, and health promotion were locally practised by some CPs and under-evaluated. Diabetic education, health screening, and medication therapy management were piloted in some countries and showed promising effectiveness. Humanistic effectiveness was the most assessed outcome (N = 16, 13.8%). The most reported barriers were lack of privacy, time, and training.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The review highlighted the expanding role of CPs in the GCC countries while identifying gaps in practice. Policymakers can utilize the findings to develop strategies for improving practice, ensuring national implementation, and maintaining the quality of services.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"458-476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nancy A Alvarez, Wendy DeBano, Jason Agundez, Rion Poland, Brian L Erstad
{"title":"A systematic analysis of medicine information pertaining to race and ethnicity terms for 100 top selling medicines in the USA.","authors":"Nancy A Alvarez, Wendy DeBano, Jason Agundez, Rion Poland, Brian L Erstad","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf048","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary objective of the study focused on the analysis of the terminology used to describe race and/or ethnicity in package inserts for the 100 top-selling medicines in 2021 and to the evaluation of this data based on overall terminology use frequency, terminology use frequency by medication class, and frequency of terminology appearance under specific insert headings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data collection involved reviewing package inserts for 100 top-selling medicines approved in the USA starting with the top 10 medicines followed by the remaining 90 medicines on the list. For the initial 10 medicines, a sample package insert was obtained from the DailyMed website, a resource supported by the US National Library of Medicine and analyzed for the explicit use of race or ethnicity terminology. Identified terms were coded and a list of relevant terms was compiled. A sample package insert for each of the other 90 medicines was analyzed using the list of relevant terminology. A final list to represent the use and quantification of race and ethnicity terminology was compiled.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>This qualitative study revealed that some of the terminology in US medicine information labeling is not consistent with the current wording recommended in FDA guidance for race and ethnicity data collection during clinical trials and other studies. Another finding of this analysis is variation in the frequency of use of race and ethnicity terminology relative to the medicine category and sections of the package insert.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Healthcare providers must be cautious when evaluating package inserts, especially race/ethnicity-related terminology that may not reflect current medicine development requirements or when changes occur to tools previously influenced by information used in clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"508-514"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparing the efficacy and patient satisfaction in the use of ibuprofen and ibuprofen with lozenge treatment in sore throat patients.","authors":"Phaijit Sritananuwat, Tanwarat Chumwangwapee, Hatsadi Supphakphatthana, Saranrat Phuedchanthuek, Suphanida Mungmai, Tiwaphon Thongsutt, Tipada Samseethong","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf050","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the pain-relief efficacy for non-bacterial sore throat by comparing ibuprofen alone with ibuprofen combined with lozenges containing amylmetacresol 0.6 mg (AMC) and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol 1.2 mg (DCBA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized, open-label trial, sore throat patients meeting inclusion criteria were recruited from drugstores. Patients received either ibuprofen alone or ibuprofen with AMC/DCBA lozenges. Pain scores were recorded at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 360 minutes, and on days 3 and 5. Efficacy was measured by total pain relief score (TOTPAR) and pain relief difference over 360 minutes and on day 3. Safety and patient satisfaction were assessed on day 3.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>TOTPAR and pain relief differences were not significant at all measured times, with P = 0.77 and 0.68, respectively. Over 95% of patients in both treatments reported no pain on day 3. The pain reduction time for ibuprofen with AMC/DCBA lozenge was 0-30 minutes, while for ibuprofen alone, it was 0-60 minutes, showing a significant difference in comparison to 0-15 minutes (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in safety and patient satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Combining AMC/DCBA lozenges with ibuprofen in community pharmacies enhances sore throat management by providing faster relief without affecting overall efficacy. This study highlights the potential of lozenges to complement standard care, improve satisfaction, and reduce antibiotic reliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"494-500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is bigger better? Analysis of efficacy and safety of lemborexant 5 versus 10 mg in insomnia patients.","authors":"Eugene Chang, Aaron M Tejani","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the rationale for using lemborexant 10 mg as a starting dose or for those with partial response to 5 mg for the management of insomnia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A review of MEDLINE, regulatory reports, and Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health data was conducted.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Lemborexant 10 mg as an initial dose offers minimal improvement in sleep metrics over 5 mg but increases somnolence risk. No evidence supports dose escalation for partial responders to 5 mg.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lemborexant 10 mg is generally not advisable as an initial or escalated dose due to higher harm risk and unlikely clinical benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masami Tsuchiya, Takamasa Sakai, Naoto Okada, Ryohkan Funakoshi, Koichi Masuyama, Nariyasu Mano, Satoko Hori, Taku Obara
{"title":"Changes in the trend and quality of adverse drug reaction reports in the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database and the impact of COVID-19-related reports.","authors":"Masami Tsuchiya, Takamasa Sakai, Naoto Okada, Ryohkan Funakoshi, Koichi Masuyama, Nariyasu Mano, Satoko Hori, Taku Obara","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to identify the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on changes in the trend and quality of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports in the Japanese Adverse Drug Events Report (JADER) database using the vigiGrade completeness score as an indicator.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A JADER dataset consisting of ADR reports from April 2004 to March 2025 was used. VigiGrade completeness scores were determined for ADR reports, and the quality of the reports was assessed as 'well documented' or not, depending on the score obtained.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Of 969 520 ADR reports, 393 168 submitted between the fourth quarter of 2018 and the fourth quarter of 2024 were included. The number of ADR reports declined in the first quarter of 2020 but peaked in the second quarter of 2021. The proportion of 'well-documented' reports remained between ~20% and 30% during most quarters, but increased to ~40% in the first and second quarters of 2021, during which COVID-19 vaccine-related reports accounted for 29.0% and 39.2% of all reports, respectively. This surge in vaccine-related submissions coincided with a temporary improvement in documentation quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in ADR reports related to COVID-19 vaccines have affected the trends and quality of reporting in the JADER database. Notably, a substantial increase in vaccine-related ADRs during mass immunization corresponded with a temporary rise in reporting quality. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining robust pharmacovigilance systems that can adapt to large-scale public health interventions and sustain data quality during future emergencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a diagnosis and treatment formulary for short-term medical service trips.","authors":"Emily K Flores, Kacey M Lefevers, Janis E Blair","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To create a short-term medical service trip (MST) focused, standardized, evidence-based, cost-effective, locally appropriate formulary.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Documents from the World Health Organization (WHO), related entities, and primary literature were reviewed to determine best practices. Specific diagnosis and treatment formularies (DTFs) for MST use in the WHO Regions of Africa and the Americas were created.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>The DTF guiding principles were being WHO-region specific, addressing primary health needs, including essential medications based on disease prevalence, local availability and affordability, and optimizing patient labeling.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A thoughtfully crafted DTF for MSTs is one way to advance equitable and safe health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychometric properties of the treatment satisfaction with medicine questionnaire (SATMED-Q) in Indonesian patients with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Nora Wulandari, Spyros Balafas, Daniek Viviandhari, Nurhasnah Nurhasnah, Jamilah Jamilah, Talitha Feenstra, Katja Taxis","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The Treatment Satisfaction with Medicine Questionnaire (SATMED-Q) is a valuable instrument for pharmacy practice research, but psychometric properties have not been investigated widely. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the SATMED-Q.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study of patients with type 2 diabetes recruited from five community health centers in Indonesia. Participants completed the SATMED-Q, the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5), the 5 Level EuroQol 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D-5L) and the EuroQol Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS) instruments. Reliability and validity were tested.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Overall, 486 patients (mean age 59 years old, 73.3% female) participated. Both internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.97) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ranging from 0.615 to 1 across the domains) were high. Exploratory factor analysis supported the original six domain structure, with factor loadings exceeding 0.5. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a well-fitted model (comparative fit index = 0.968, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.958, standardized root mean square residual = 0.051, χ2/df = 3.652) and a moderate root mean square error of approximation value of 0.074. Convergent validity was demonstrated by a significant positive correlation between SATMED-Q and MARS-5 (r = 0.276) and EQ-VAS (r = 0.330).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Indonesian SATMED-Q was found to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing medication satisfaction as an important outcome to develop and evaluate pharmacy practice interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pharmacy education for sustainable healthcare: a UK progress update and call to action.","authors":"Nuala Hampson, Lisa M Fitzpatrick, Min Na Eii","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}