International Journal of Pharmacy Practice最新文献

{"title":"Practice pharmacists and their influence on prescribing in UK general practice: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Mary Carter, Sarah Chapman, Philip Rogers, Margaret Watson","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riad075","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riad075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>At the time of the survey, just over 2000 pharmacists were employed in UK general practice. Little is known about their influence on prescribing, and more specifically, the extent of their use of Audit and Feedback (A&F), an evidence-based method for behaviour change. This study aimed to explore pharmacists' current influence on prescribing in UK general practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, online survey was open to general practice pharmacists in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales between 9 September 2021 and 31 October 2021. The survey comprised 36 items, informed by the literature, including multiple choice and free-text questions about pharmacist responsibilities, involvement in prescribing audits (including use of A&F), use of prescribing guidelines, beliefs about influence on prescribing, and access to training and support. Descriptive statistics and frequencies were generated, and parametric analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>In total, 155 responses were received from pharmacists in diverse practice locations, with a wide range of practice pharmacist experience. The majority (80%, n = 121) conducted prescribing audits, but only 21% (n = 32) reported undertaking A&F. Most respondents (90%, n = 140) used guidelines to inform their work, and 75% (n = 116) would welcome training on influencing prescribing. Pharmacists using A&F were more likely to believe in their ability to influence prescribing and to acknowledge this activity as part of their role.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite substantial evidence of its effectiveness, A&F is under-used by practice pharmacists. An increased awareness and enablement of practice pharmacists in effective techniques might promote greater evidence-based prescribing in general practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"69-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138440707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving pharmaceutical practice in diabetes care using point-of-care glycated haemoglobin testing in the community pharmacy.","authors":"Caroline Rocha Santana, Márcio Galvão Guimarães de Oliveira, Marianne Silveira Camargo, Pablo Maciel Brasil Moreira, Priscila Ribeiro de Castro, Erlan Canguçu Aguiar, Sóstenes Mistro","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riad072","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riad072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the use of point-of-care testing to detect new cases of diabetes mellitus at a Brazilian public community pharmacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included individuals without a previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus who met the criteria for screening according to the Brazilian Diabetes Society, which were identified during their presence at a Brazilian public community pharmacy. The measurements of HbA1c were performed using a Cobas b101 device (Roche Diagnostics) and were categorized according to the following classification established by the Brazilian Society of Diabetes: HbA1c <5.7%, normal; HbA1c between 5.7% and 6.4%, pre-diabetes; and HbA1c >6.4%, new diagnosis of T2DM.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>One hundred and eight users met the inclusion criteria. The patients' mean age was 54.4 (± 15.4) years old, ranging from 22 to 80 years old. Eighty (74.1%) participants presented with glycated haemoglobin levels over the standard threshold, of which 58 (72.5%) were in the pre-diabetes range (glycated haemoglobin levels between 5.7% and 6.4%), and 22 (27.5%) had glycated haemoglobin levels >6.4%, which corresponds to a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of point-of-care glycated haemoglobin testing allowed community pharmacists at a Brazilian public community pharmacy to identify health system users with glycated haemoglobin alterations that corresponded to the pre-diabetes state or a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This presented a good opportunity to refer these users to diabetes diagnosis and treatment services.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"46-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71481409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Has a national recruitment scheme created a positive intervention for Black, Asian or other Minority Ethnic pharmacy trainees?","authors":"Atif Shamim, Khalid Khan, Muhammad Faisal, Gail Fleming, Helen Porter, Hadar Zaman","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riad060","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riad060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>A National Recruitment Scheme (NRS) for Pharmacy trainees was introduced in England and Wales in 2017, standardising recruitment processes on behalf of employers and with the aim of reducing bias for candidates applying to training posts within the National Health Service (NHS). This research attempted to identify whether the introduction of the NRS had an impact on the recruitment of Black, Asian, or other Minority Ethnic applicants into the most sought-after posts within the Scheme (hospital posts).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational study was undertaken. Anonymised pharmacist trainee recruitment data between the cohort intakes of 2015-16 and 2020-21 was obtained from the pharmacy regulator the General Pharmaceutical Council and a comparison of proportional representations of ethnicities was undertaken, to ascertain whether a greater proportion of applicants from minority backgrounds attained the most sought-after posts in the NHS after the NRS was introduced. A robust generalised linear model was then used to analyse the data using binomial as the variance function and logit as a link function, where the proportion of hospital recruitment was an outcome with a two-way interaction between intervention and ethnicity after adjusting for overall proportion.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>The statistical analysis of 18 283 pharmacy trainees in total, of whom 4446 were in hospital, shows a significant overall impact of intervention, with a significant positive change in the proportions of Asian-Pakistani applicants (P-value < 0.001) and Black-African applicants (P-value < 0.001) recruited to hospital posts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Since the introduction of the NRS there has been a statistically significant impact on the correlation between the overall number of Black, Asian or other Minority Ethnic applicants and their proportion in hospital. That is, not only is the makeup of the hospital cohort increasingly reflecting the diversity of the overall cohort, but also a larger percentage of each ethnic cohort is attaining hospital training places.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"638-645"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71481408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brave new pharmaceuticals world.","authors":"Albert Wertheimer","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riad066","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riad066","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"569-570"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10068283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic evaluations of adult critical care pharmacy services: a scoping review.","authors":"Alex Crosby, Jennifer K Jennings, Anna T Mills, Jonathan Silcock, Richard S Bourne","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riad049","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riad049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To summarise the extent and type of evidence available regarding economic evaluations of adult critical care pharmacy services in the context of UK practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted in eight electronic databases and hand searching of full-text reference lists. Of 2409 journal articles initially identified, 38 were included in the final review. Independent literature review was undertaken by two investigators in a two-step process against the inclusion and exclusion criteria; title and abstract screening were followed by full-text screening. Included studies were taken from high-income economy countries that contained economic data evaluating any key aspect of adult critical care pharmacy services. Grey literature and studies that could not be translated into the English language were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority were before-and-after studies (18, 47%) or other observational studies (17, 45%), and conducted in North America (25, 66%). None of the included studies were undertaken in the UK. Seven studies (18%) included cost-benefit analysis; all demonstrated positive cost-benefit values for clinical pharmacist activities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Further high-quality primary research focussing on the economic evaluation of UK adult critical care pharmacy services is needed, before undertaking a future systematic review. There is an indication of a cost-benefit value for critical care pharmacist activities. The lack of UK-based economic evaluations is a limitation to further development and standardisation of critical care pharmacy services nationally.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"574-584"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10041891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a community pharmacy led antibiotic amnesty in the Midlands region of England.","authors":"Marco G Ercolani, Rakhi Aggarwal, Angela Barker, Donna Cooper, Conor Jamieson","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riad040","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riad040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance is a recognised threat to human health and may be driven by the unsafe disposal of antibiotics via domestic waste streams, contaminating the environment. A community pharmacy based antibiotic amnesty could address this.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated the impact of an antibiotic amnesty promoting the return of unused antibiotics to community pharmacies in the Midlands region of England during World Antibiotic Awareness Week in November 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred and thirty nine pharmacies participated voluntarily and held amnesty conversations with 7399 people, 369 part used and 126 full packs of antibiotics were returned.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is an important public health initiative that could be replicated more widely.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"650-652"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10070740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A nationwide survey of methods and barriers to adverse drug reaction monitoring and reporting among hospital pharmacists in Thailand.","authors":"Narumol Jarernsiripornkul, Sasina Kayrash, Prangwalai Homket, Warisara Srisuriyachanchai","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riad051","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riad051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore the methods of adverse drug reaction identification and monitoring used by hospital pharmacists in all regions of Thailand, to explore barriers to and pharmacists' attitudes towards adverse drug reaction monitoring and reporting, and to assess the factors related to these aspects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pharmacists in 480 hospitals in Thailand were selected by stratified sampling. Self-administered questionnaires were sent by post and pharmacists returned completed questionnaires via QR code.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>In total, pharmacists at 286 hospitals returned the questionnaire (response rate = 59.6%). The most common adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring methods were the spontaneous reporting system (SRS), which was used by 100% of respondents, followed by high alert drug lists (73.1%) and routine adverse drug reaction monitoring (64.0%). The most frequently used methods of adverse drug reaction prevention were providing drug allergy card and recording allergy history in database. The major barrier to adverse drug reaction monitoring and reporting among respondents was uncertainty about whether the suspected drug caused the reaction (49.3%). Pharmacists had a good attitude towards adverse drug reaction monitoring and reporting (60.5%). Longer work experience (≥10 years) was negatively related with good attitudes towards adverse drug reaction monitoring and reporting (OR = 0.535, P = 0.040), whereas higher education level was positively related (OR = 2.201, P = 0.025).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Spontaneous reporting system is the main method used for adverse drug reaction monitoring and reporting among hospital pharmacists in Thailand. Pharmacists had good attitudes towards adverse drug reaction monitoring and reporting, however, barriers remain.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"625-632"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9835379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to treat the climate and nature crisis as one indivisible global health emergency†.","authors":"Kamran Abbasi, Parveen Ali, Virginia Barbour, Thomas Benfield, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Stephen Hancocks, Richard Horton, Laurie Laybourn-Langton, Robert Mash, Peush Sahni, Wadeia Mohammad Sharief, Paul Yonga, Chris Zielinski","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riad069","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riad069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"571-573"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacy student contribution to direct patient care during inpatient hospital experiential rotations: a scoping review.","authors":"Natalie Kennie-Kaulbach, Karen Cameron, Mari Humphrey, Cortney Donovan, Jennifer E Isenor, Kent Toombs, Olavo A Fernandes","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riad057","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riad057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this scoping review was to identify and characterise pharmacy students' contributions to extend pharmacist's direct patient care during inpatient hospital experiential rotations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search of PubMed, Embase and CINAHL databases from 2000 to July 2021 was conducted. Articles were included if they involved pharmacy students during experiential rotations, described student's contribution to direct patient care in the inpatient hospital setting, and reported outcomes. Included articles were categorised according to clinical pharmacy key performance indicators (cpKPIs) and non-cpKPI care activities. Students' contributions to reported outcomes were extracted and summarised.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Thirty-six of 1182 identified articles were included which were either descriptive or quasi-experimental design. Studies reported student involvement in the delivery of single or multiple cpKPIs: medication reconciliation on admission (n = 13), pharmaceutical care (n = 13), interprofessional care rounds (n = 4), patient education during hospital stay (n = 6), medication reconciliation at discharge (n = 7) and patient education at discharge (n = 10). Eight studies reported student involvement in non-cpKPI activities, including clinical interventions (n = 5), clinical services (n = 2) and postdischarge follow-up (n = 1). Reported outcomes included service measure counts, process and clinical outcome measures.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review identified the contributions of pharmacy students in the provision of a range of direct patient care services and associated outcomes during experiential rotations in the inpatient hospital setting. Students delivering care as part of the pharmacy team as 'care extenders' has the potential to expose more patients to key pharmacist activities that have been linked to demonstrated positive outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"585-593"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9943954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pharmacist integrated into a general practice in Australia: an evolving model of care in medicines optimization.","authors":"Margaret Jordan, Judy Mullan, Adele Stewart, Timothy F Chen","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riad061","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riad061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The general practice pharmacist (GPP) role in Australia is evolving. A pilot GPP model of care developed to optimize medicines for patients at risk of medicine-related harm was evaluated. The aims of this study were 2-fold: to evaluate the GPP model of care on medicines optimization, with a focus on deprescribing, in a population at risk of harm due to their medicines, or clinical condition, and to explore the perspectives of study participants. This single practice study involved two phases. Phase 1 (September 2019-May 2020): at risk patients were referred to the GPP for medication reconciliation, recommendations for optimization, and when appropriate, deprescribing support, especially for opioids. Medication plans were developed with patients, GPs, and the GPP. Quantitative data collected from patient records included demographics, discrepancies, medicines reviewed, GPP recommendations and uptake, and medicines deprescribed. Opioid-related data included dose changes from baseline, at 6 and 9 months, standardized to oral morphine equivalents. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Phase 2 (7-21 September 2020): qualitative evaluation using semi-structured interviews was undertaken, to explore the perspectives of GP and patient participants of the GPP model of care. Interview data were thematically analysed. The study had ethical approval. Phase 1: 198 multimorbid patients with multiple medications [median = 13 (9-16)] had at least one GPP consultation (n = 243). Discrepancies were resolved through 88% of GPP consultations; deprescribing commenced or occurred in 54%. Acceptance of GPP recommendations was 86%. Opioids were the most common medicines deprescribed (42% ceased). The baseline median opioid dose [44.4 (30-90) mg] was significantly reduced at 6 months [13.5 (0-40) mg] and 9 months [7 (0-30) mg], P < .0001. Phase 2: Thematic analysis of 28 interviews (10 GPs, 3 practice personnel, 10 patients, 5 carers) identified four key themes: safer foundation for deprescribing, deprescribing opportunities recognition, benefits of embedded GPP, and a supported approach to shared decision-making. General practice provides opportunities for medicine optimization and deprescribing. This study has demonstrated a GPP model of care that achieved functional deprescribing to reduce potential harm in a population at risk and addressed recognized barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"608-616"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41201031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}