International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Cross-domain heterogeneous unmanned system: Development status and key technologies","authors":"Jian Zhou ,&nbsp;Shuaichao Guo ,&nbsp;Zhan Zhang ,&nbsp;Junming Wu ,&nbsp;Yue Zhao ,&nbsp;Zongyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Chenxu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the limitations of single unmanned equipment in meeting increasingly complex task requirements, the collaborative application of cross-domain heterogeneous unmanned platforms has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of unmanned systems. This paper first conducts a bibliometric analysis of the research field of cross-domain heterogeneous unmanned systems, revealing research progress from multiple perspectives. It then introduces representative global projects and applications. Subsequently, the development status of cross-domain heterogeneous collaboration technologies is reviewed from four main aspects: surface-underwater collaboration, aerial-surface collaboration, aerial-ground collaboration, and multi-domain combined collaboration. On this basis, the key technologies involved in cross-domain heterogeneous collaboration are discussed, including cross-domain communication technology, cross-domain heterogeneous task allocation, intelligent environmental perception, manned/unmanned system cooperation, integration with command systems, and security and privacy protection. This study aims to provide a reference for researchers engaged in the field of cross-domain heterogeneous unmanned systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100733"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of cycloidal propeller performance over multiple operating points using a multi-fidelity CFD-Experimental approach","authors":"Guillaume Fasse ,&nbsp;Matthieu Sacher ,&nbsp;Frederic Hauville ,&nbsp;Gregory Germain","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cycloidal propulsion, also known as the transverse-axis system, holds significant promise for the next generation of ships. Its capability to deliver excellent maneuverability at low speeds, similar to the Voith-Schneider Propeller, and high efficiency at elevated speeds, as seen in systems like ADVPropulse and ABB-Dynafin, makes it a versatile and efficient propulsion solution for a broad range of operational scenarios. Advancements in mechatronics and blade motion control are paving the way for the development of fully electric blade-command cycloidal propellers. This innovation eliminates the constraints imposed by traditional mechanical kinematics, enabling dynamic blade pitch adjustments and significantly broadening the propeller’s operational range and performance. Building on the previously established effective pitch law optimization, the present work employs a multi-fidelity approach to reduce computational costs and better capture the complex physics, which remains challenging to fully optimize using CFD models alone. At the highest level of fidelity, experimental performance evaluations are complemented by CFD simulations, which serve as a lower-fidelity model, balancing computational efficiency and physical accuracy. This multi-fidelity optimization framework is applied across various operating conditions for both cycloidal and trochoidal modes. The resulting series of optimized pitch laws demonstrate the necessity of transitioning from cycloidal mode at low ship speeds to trochoidal mode at high ship speeds to achieve and maintain peak performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100715"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid SA-based model for integrated routing and 3D stowage of inter-continental RoRo ships with mixed pickup-delivery and stability constraints","authors":"Jonghae Kim ,&nbsp;Heechang Yoon ,&nbsp;Jong Hun Woo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrated voyage and stowage planning for Roll-on/Roll-off (RoRo) ships involves optimizing port sequences and managing simultaneous loading/unloading operations. While most existing research on RoRo Ship Routing and Stowage Problems (RSRSP) addresses simplified routing scenarios, this study proposes a more realistic model termed 3L-MPD-RSRSP. It incorporates intercontinental routing, 3D stowage constraints, and operational complexities such as simultaneous loading/unloading at ports and adjustable deck heights for high &amp; heavy cargo. To solve this, we propose a hybrid algorithm based on simulated annealing. The framework is used to generate high-quality initial route plans. Then, a newly developed heuristic, RSP, is applied to stowage planning. RSP prioritizes cargo placement through rule-based logic, including cargo classification and location ranking. It works in conjunction with a simulation engine that evaluates 3D stowage feasibility, ship stability, Last-In-First-Out constraints, and cargo profitability. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional methods in both solution quality and operational robustness, offering a more realistic and effective framework for RoRo voyage and stowage planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100751"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of a 15 MW semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine with a synthetic fiber mooring system","authors":"Frederick Gavin ,&nbsp;Chungkuk Jin ,&nbsp;Sewon Kim ,&nbsp;Woo Chul Chung ,&nbsp;MooHyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigates the influence of permanent elongation and dynamic stiffness variation in polyester ropes on the dynamic and structural behaviors of 15-MW taut-moored semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) platforms. Numerical models of FOWTs were developed, incorporating the permanent elongation and dynamic stiffness variations of polyester ropes under various environmental conditions using the Syrope methodology. Three mooring configurations were analyzed: chain-only and chain–polyester–chain systems, with and without updates for permanent elongation and dynamic stiffness. Results were assessed through statistical parameters and time histories of platform motions and hub accelerations as dynamic responses and mooring tensions and tower-base moments as structural responses. The findings reveal that accounting for permanent elongation and stiffness variation amplifies global motions and structural responses compared to cases neglecting these effects. In taut-mooring configurations, the observed behavioral changes are associated with slack-taut transitions and snap loading phenomena, markedly intensified when considering elongation and dynamic stiffness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100734"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-guided neural networks for motion estimation of an underwater vehicle with a complex propulsion system","authors":"Yuya Hamamatsu,&nbsp;Pavlo Kupyn,&nbsp;Enno Friedl,&nbsp;Asko Ristolainen,&nbsp;Maarja Kruusmaa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates planar motion estimation for an underwater robot with bioinspired propulsion, where the tight coupling between hydrodynamics and actuation makes accurate dynamics modeling challenging. We implement and compare three frameworks: Physics Model Error Prediction (PMEP), a hybrid approach where a neural network learns the errors of a simplified physics model; Sim2Real fine-tuning, where a network is pretrained in a simulator and adapted with real-world data; and a purely data-driven Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM) baseline. We also propose an inexpensive pipeline for generating underwater reference labels using ArUco markers and an onboard camera. To evaluate these models, we compare their performance on a motion prediction task using real-world experimental datasets of varying sizes. The results show that physics-guided learning can improve motion-estimation performance in data-limited regimes, but the benefit is not uniform across motion components or training-data ratios. PMEP is most effective when the analytical model provides a reasonable baseline for residual correction, especially for surge-related prediction, whereas Sim2Real fine-tuning provides more consistent trajectory-level performance when limited real-world data are available. These findings support the use of physics-guided learning as a forward motion-estimation component for underwater navigation, while also showing that open-loop dead reckoning should be integrated with feedback-based localization or sensor-fusion methods for long-duration deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100802"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149199132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A RAG-based Q&A system for ship regulations applying domain adaptation","authors":"In-Su Han ,&nbsp;Myung-Il Roh ,&nbsp;Min-Chul Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various international organizations and classification societies have established extensive regulations to enhance the safety and reliability of ships. These regulations are continuously revised and updated to keep pace with technological advancements, the increasing size of ships, and the tightening of environmental regulations in the shipbuilding and maritime industry. The key contents of regulations are often conveyed through text, as well as interrelated equations and tables. Due to the complexity of these formats and the inherent difficulty of the regulatory content itself, users require considerable time, effort, and a high level of expertise to retrieve and interpret the necessary information accurately. This study proposed a Q&amp;A (Question-and-Answer) system for ship regulations utilizing RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) to address these challenges. The proposed system comprises a framework that retrieves relevant information from a large-scale database and generates reliable answers tailored to the user's query intent. To achieve this, we constructed ship regulations into a database optimized for searchability and incorporated hierarchical structures to improve search accuracy. A search module was implemented based on semantic analysis techniques to retrieve the most relevant rules effectively. An answer generation module was also implemented to produce appropriate answers grounded in the retrieved rules. Especially, a domain adaptation technique was applied to a general-purpose model, enabling the system to clearly understand the specialized terminology and context within the domain of ship regulations. The Q&amp;A system supports users in quickly navigating ship regulations, facilitating clear comprehension and practical application of the information. The proposed system was applied to the regulations of the Korean Register, demonstrating its capability to promptly and accurately retrieve rules related to user queries and generate reliable answers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100735"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic prediction of optimal T-joint welding parameters considering data trends and variability using generative adversarial network","authors":"Edam Kim ,&nbsp;Kwang Sik Kim ,&nbsp;Changik Lee ,&nbsp;Jang Hyun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a method for deriving optimal welding conditions to achieve the target bead geometry in fillet welding. Existing regression-based approaches, fail to sufficiently capture the nonlinearity and variability inherent in the welding process. Moreover, the lack of available raw data hinders the training of reliable models. Prediction models trained solely on deterministic data also face limitations in learning distributional characteristics, making it difficult to identify optimal parameter combinations within a confidence interval. To overcome these challenges, we introduce a model correction and augmentation technique based on a generative adversarial network (GAN). This approach calibrates the linearity of finite element analysis simulation data while incorporating the experimental variability observed in welding data. This approach preserves the linearity of simulation data and the physical variability of experimental welding data, generating reliable corrected and augmented datasets for training. The generated dataset, expressed probabilistically, was applied to prediction models to estimate optimal welding conditions corresponding to the target bead geometry. Two deep learning algorithms—a Multi-layer Perceptron and a Transformer model—were employed for performance comparison. The results indicated that the Transformer achieved lower mean absolute error and higher R² values, demonstrating superior predictive performance. Additionally, heuristic filtering was used to derive multiple welding conditions that satisfied the target bead geometry. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that GAN-based data correction and augmentation provide the foundation for constructing a reliable probabilistic dataset, while the optimal welding conditions are subsequently derived by applying prediction algorithms in combination with heuristic filtering, enabling the selection of stable welding parameters that minimize defects and achieve the target bead geometry in fillet welding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100738"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Line contact induced bending failures of ice sheets during ship-ice interactions","authors":"Fan Zhang ,&nbsp;Qikai Zhang ,&nbsp;Dong Peng ,&nbsp;Yudi Wang ,&nbsp;Yihe Wang ,&nbsp;Qi Qin ,&nbsp;Shihong Hu ,&nbsp;Gang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent field observations from the Xuelong icebreaker indicate that line contact induced bending failures of ice sheets are prevalent during consecutive ice breaking processes. However, the corresponding ice force and breaking length have rarely been studied. Against this backdrop, this study proposes a model with seven independent input parameters to characterize the loading scenario without assuming ice sheet geometric symmetry. The normalized governing equation based on the theory of thin plates on elastic foundations is solved by the finite element (FE) method, and the results are further utilized to train a XGBoost model. The established line contact induced bending failure model is implemented into a non-smooth discrete element method (DEM) framework for ship-ice interaction simulations, and the numerical result for ice resistance of the Xuelong 2 icebreaker in level ice is validated against model test data. This study facilitates a more accurate real-time description of ice-sloping structure interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100711"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental procedure for target strength measurement in a small water tank using cumulative energy method","authors":"Dae-Hwan Kwon ,&nbsp;Jun-Hong Park ,&nbsp;Hyeok-Jin Choi ,&nbsp;Dae-Seung Cho ,&nbsp;Yun-ho Shin ,&nbsp;Sung-Ju Park ,&nbsp;Kookhyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a precise experimental procedure based on the cumulative energy method to measure the target strength (TS) of arbitrary underwater targets in a small water tank. The proposed procedure aims to overcome environmental variability and the high costs associated with large scale experiments. The specific methodology involves: 1) determining optimal underwater acoustic sensor positions using the Image Source Method (ISM) to separate direct and reflected signals, and 2) evaluating signal energy using the cumulative energy method to minimize noise effects. The validity of the procedure was verified through experiments on a spherical target under both far-field and near-field conditions. The results demonstrated that the experimental TS values agreed with numerical results within <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>dB</mtext></mrow></math></span> over the frequency range of <span><math><mrow><mn>80</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>90</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>kHz</mtext></mrow></math></span>, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed procedure in small water tank environments. Numerical results were obtained using the backscattering analysis software SYSCOS with a near-field model based on spherical projection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100760"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147703141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal operational method for hybrid propulsion ships using operation data","authors":"Yoon-Gyu Jang ,&nbsp;Ki-Su Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the recent tightening of greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), there is a growing need for data-driven energy management and operation planning for ships. Electric propulsion hybrid ships, in particular, can operate in multiple propulsion modes depending on the power sharing between generators and batteries, and their fuel consumption strongly depends on sea states and route conditions. This study proposes an integrated, data-driven framework for mode-aware optimal operation of a direct-current (DC)-based serial electric propulsion hybrid ship. In-service operational data from a electric propulsion hybrid demonstration ship were combined with reanalysis-based metocean data to construct a comprehensive dataset that couples propulsion, power-system, and environmental variables. Using this dataset, mode-specific fuel-consumption and fuel-efficiency characteristics were derived, and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) models were trained to predict generator load or fuel efficiency for each propulsion mode as functions of ship speed and metocean conditions. The prediction models were validated against independent voyage records, and the sensitivity of route-level fuel-consumption error to segment length was analyzed to select an appropriate spatial discretization. The validated models were then embedded into a two-stage optimal operation framework. A coastal route was first generated using an A∗-based path planner with quadtree and Voronoi representations of coastal geometry. Subsequently, a genetic algorithm (GA) was used to determine the speed and propulsion mode in each route segment so as to minimize total fuel consumption under battery state-of-charge (SOC) and arrival-time constraints. Applications to coastal and offshore routes demonstrated substantial reductions in total fuel consumption relative to actual operations, indicating that the proposed framework can serve as a practical basis for developing energy-efficient, low-emission operational strategies for next-generation electric propulsion hybrid ships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100761"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147749129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}