International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A crack localization method for beam-analogy structures based on wavelet transform of mode shape variations","authors":"Jun-Hong Park ,&nbsp;Yun-Ho Shin ,&nbsp;Keunbok Song ,&nbsp;Hyemin Seong ,&nbsp;Dae-Seung Cho ,&nbsp;Kookhyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a crack localization method for beam-analogy structures with and without inherent structural discontinuities such as girders and bulkheads of ships, bridge piers, and building slabs. The proposed method utilizes the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) of crack-induced mode shape variations to identify the structural singularity due to a crack regardless of the singularity of mode shape curvature caused by the inherent structural discontinuity. In addition, multiple mode shapes with different nodal and mode shape curvature distributions as well as a polynomial padding mitigating edge effects are utilized to enhance crack detectability. The Reconstructed Detail Component (RDC) derived from the inverse wavelet transform of detail coefficients is used as a crack indicator to preserve spatial resolution. The validity of the proposed method is examined through numerical analyses on a uniform beam, a ship-like box-girder structure with bulkheads, and a real container ship structure. The results confirm that the proposed method is able to localize a crack and to estimate its severity, even when the crack occurs at an inherent structural discontinuity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100726"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD-based prediction of vessel manoeuvring performance in deep and shallow water","authors":"Marko Mikulec,&nbsp;Henry Piehl","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The manoeuvring characteristics of a vessel can differ significantly between unrestricted and finite water depths. Therefore, the ability to predict and assess the manoeuvring performance of a vessel operating in various depths is crucial for ensuring safe operation at sea. Traditionally, vessel manoeuvrability in deep and shallow water has been investigated through model-scale experiments. While experiments provide reliable benchmark data, they are not without limitations. In particular, scale effects introduce uncertainty when extrapolating model-scale results to full scale, while measurements can be affected by limited tank dimensions and the applied test procedures. To complement experiments and overcome some of their drawbacks, recent advances in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) have made it possible to directly predict the full-scale manoeuvring capabilities of a vessel while accounting for viscous and environmental effects. In this work, the manoeuvrability of a full-scale research vessel in varying water depths was investigated using unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations. Deep water simulations were compared with full-scale measurements and showed good agreement with experimental data. The vessel showed improved manoeuvrability in shallow water as the depth-to-draught ratio decreased to 1.5. However, further reduction in water depth led to a deterioration of manoeuvring performance, suggesting the presence of a critical depth below which vessel manoeuvrability worsens. Additionally, results highlighted the importance of induced velocity correction and the inclusion of propeller side forces in manoeuvring simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100774"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148241224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AUDIM: An advanced uncertainty-driven integrated framework for reliability-based design optimization of deep-diving submarine pressure hulls","authors":"Javad Sheikh Hafeshjani,&nbsp;Mohammad Saber Fallah Nezhad,&nbsp;Mohammad Bagher Fakhrzad,&nbsp;Hasan Hosseini Nasab","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel Advanced Uncertainty-Driven Integrated Mechanical (AUDIM) framework for the reliability-based optimization of submarine pressure hulls. The methodology integrates multi-source uncertainties material variability, manufacturing tolerances, and operational loading fluctuations into a holistic probabilistic design process. It employs a hierarchical Bayesian framework coupled with adaptive Gaussian process surrogate modeling to directly quantify reliability indices. The implementation follows a four-stage process: (1) uncertainty landscape mapping via global sensitivity analysis; (2) adaptive Kriging (AK-MCS) metamodeling for computationally efficient nonlinear finite element analysis; (3) failure probability estimation using the first-order reliability method (FORM) combined with importance sampling; and (4) multi-objective robust design optimization via the sequential optimization and reliability assessment (SORA) algorithm within an NSGA-II optimizer. When applied to a deep-diving submarine pressure hull with a baseline weight of 51 tons, the AUDIM framework achieved a 4.6% weight reduction while maintaining a system buckling reliability index of β = 4.82, exceeding classification society requirements. Sensitivity analysis revealed that external pressure variability contributes 42.3% to displacement variance, offering clear guidance for targeted quality control. The results demonstrate that probabilistic design enables scientifically balanced trade-offs between weight, cost, and safety, providing naval architects with a transparent, computationally efficient decision-support tool for next-generation submarine design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100784"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148633979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind-propelled ships for maritime decarbonization: Technologies, global deployment, and engineering challenges","authors":"Jingfeng Liu,&nbsp;Runze Mao,&nbsp;Ruihan Chen,&nbsp;Houxiang Zhang,&nbsp;Guoyuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As carbon pricing expands and decarbonization targets become stricter, wind propulsion is being reconsidered for commercial shipping. This review summarizes the global deployment of wind-propelled ships and development trends. A multi-source data integration approach, drawing on peer-reviewed papers, public vessel databases, and industry and association reports, was used to build a ship-level inventory of vessels equipped with wind propulsion systems (WPS) by the end of 2025. The dataset includes 96 ships, and 90 were still in service by the end of 2025. Based on this inventory, this review describes current applications by operating regions, ship types, retrofit compared with new build routes, and whether the wind device serves as primary or auxiliary propulsion. Five main wind propulsion systems, including Flettner rotors, suction wing sails, rigid wing sails, soft sails, and kite sails, are then compared in terms of adoption trends and key integration features. In addition, this review also brings together the main technical challenges, including the efficiency of wind energy use, safety and reliability, operational and environmental factors, and economic considerations and commercial viability. Finally, policy measures, classification, and industry guidance in major regions are outlined to explain the main drivers and obstacles to wider adoption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100785"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148633978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of AI surrogate model for decision-making on support arrangement under whole ship docking condition","authors":"Jong-oh Kim,&nbsp;Im-jun Ban,&nbsp;Sung-chul Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ship docking is a frequent and crucial operation during a vessel's life cycle, serving various purposes such as construction, maintenance, inspection, modification, and repair. The docking conditions, where the ship is borne by supports, require determining the number and placement of supports based on the ship and on-site environment to prevent damage to both the hull and the supports. Traditionally, docking operations relied heavily on the experience of on-site experts. However, as ships have grown larger, ship types have diversified, and hull structures have become more complex, the mass distribution has become considerably complicated, exposing limitations of experience-based docking arrangement work. Consequently, shipyards have implemented various evaluation methods to ensure safety during docking. Although CAE software and computing power have been improved, analysis work still requires significant time and effort. Finite element analysis (FEA), which is used in most shipyards to assess the safety of docking conditions, has high accuracy but requires significant computational cost. This study proposed a new embedding method capable of representing support arrangements for docking conditions and a novel neural network structure based on physical constraints to develop an AI surrogate model capable of performing conventional FEA. To verify the accuracy of the AI surrogate model, the total predicted reaction force and support reaction forces were compared with FEA results. The developed neural network structure demonstrated reliable prediction results by exactly guaranteeing zero reaction force at unsupported locations. The developed surrogate model exhibited a total reaction force error of 1.95% and an average relative reaction force error of 3.48% for the entire test set, along with a prediction time of 1.9 ms per single case, achieving real-time performance. The developed AI surrogate model is expected to assist in determining the optimal support arrangement for specific on-site conditions by evaluating various support layout candidates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100791"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148735612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wave transmission analysis of arbitrarily coupled Mindlin plates stiffened by a concentric Timoshenko beam","authors":"Young-Ho Park","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stringent carbon-emission regulations have driven the maritime and offshore industries toward lightweight structural designs and high-efficiency propulsion systems. Although these design choices substantially reduce emissions, they aggravate high-frequency structure-borne noise on board, particularly above the kilohertz range where crew habitability and the reliability of sensitive onboard electronics are most affected. Energy Flow Analysis (EFA) provides the appropriate framework for addressing such vibro-acoustic problems, but its predictive accuracy depends critically on the diffuse-field wave transmission coefficients prescribed at every structural junction. This paper develops a rigorous analytical framework for evaluating wave transmission across Mindlin plates coupled at arbitrary angles and reinforced by a concentric Timoshenko beam, a configuration not previously treated within the EFA literature. Higher-order effects of transverse shear distortion and rotatory inertia, which become important once the plate thickness approaches the structural wavelength, are retained throughout. The wave scattering at the stiffened junction is derived from strict kinematic compatibility and dynamic equilibrium, with each plate's wave field coupled directly to the beam's full six-degree-of-freedom dynamics. The diffuse-field coefficients are obtained in two stages: directional transmission ratios are computed at discrete incidence angles and then averaged over the full incidence hemisphere. The concentric geometry, in which the beam neutral axis coincides with the plate mid-surfaces, eliminates mass eccentricity and the associated torsional cross-coupling, so that the pure geometric effect of the junction angle becomes accessible in isolation. The framework establishes a verified reference baseline against which future eccentric and asymmetric stiffened-junction models can be benchmarked. A parametric study over the beam cross-section, organized around a non-dimensional beam-to-plate impedance ratio, identifies the threshold at which inertial locking renders the junction an effective vibro-acoustic barrier, confirms convergence to the bare-junction limit, and yields a practical stiffener-sizing guideline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100797"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148940678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A robust maritime target tracking framework for shore-based surveillance via cascaded fusion and occlusion compensation of AIS, visual, and radar data","authors":"Wei He,&nbsp;Ziyue Zeng,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Wang,&nbsp;Jinyu Lei,&nbsp;Chengqiang Yu,&nbsp;Gufeng Jiang,&nbsp;Yichuan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address multi-modal tracking discontinuities in shore-based maritime surveillance caused by low-frequency AIS updates, visual occlusions, and radar identity voids, this study proposes a cascaded multi-source fusion tracking framework. Unlike conventional parallel or weighted fusion schemes that struggle with heterogeneous data synchronization, the proposed cascaded architecture decouples sensor limitations layer-by-layer. It specifically resolves identity loss during concurrent AIS update gaps and visual failures.</div><div>Utilizing YOLOv11 — selected for its superior inference efficiency in maritime edge computing — and DeepSORT as a baseline, two innovations are introduced: 1) A Fusion Prior Occlusion Compensation (FPOC) mechanism that leverages AIS-derived motion priors to maintain visual trajectory continuity. 2) A cascaded feedback loop that re-injects fused ”AIS-Radar” results into the ”AIS-Video” layer to correct identity offsets using radar motion features.</div><div>Experimental results on field datasets and the FVessel_v1.0 dataset show that the framework significantly outperforms the DeepSORVF method. Specifically, the proposed model achieves a 3.56% average improvement in MOFA and IDF1 on public benchmarks while maintaining high processing efficiency. This confirms the framework’s effectiveness in enhancing real-time maritime safety management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149199133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of volumes and longitudinal locations of trim and compensation tanks for underwater vehicles using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ","authors":"Seungtae Kim ,&nbsp;Youngjun You ,&nbsp;Sunkyu Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underwater vehicles have been recognized as a key strategic asset due to the increasing uncertainty of international situations and national security. For their design and construction, it is necessary to develop preliminary design approaches to determine the volumes and longitudinal locations of the tanks while considering the minimum design requirements. A multi-objective optimization technique was applied for optimization of the volumes and longitudinal locations. A concept desgn procedure was constructed to determine volumes and longitudinal locations of trim and compensation tanks. The feasibility of designed tanks was assessed after verifying in-house code for evaluating the trim-compensation polygon. The design variables, constraints, and objective functions were formulated to define an optimization problem using NSGA-Ⅱ. The feasibility of the constructed approach was reviewed through a comparative study considering different constraints. The applicability of the constructed approach was confirmed by investigating the effect of requested number of trim and compensation tanks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100740"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study on the hydrodynamic flow characteristics around the BB2 submarine using RANS and PANS turbulence models under straight and drift conditions","authors":"Changhun Lee ,&nbsp;Hyeri Lee ,&nbsp;I Ketut Aria Pria Utama ,&nbsp;Woochan Seok","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comparative computational analysis of the hydrodynamic flow characteristics around the Joubert BB2 submarine using Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and Partially-Averaged Navier–Stokes (PANS) turbulence models. Simulations were performed under two representative operating conditions: straight-ahead motion and 10° drift. The numerical framework was validated against MARIN benchmark data, focusing on the total resistance and axial velocity distributions at the propeller plane. Comparative analyses demonstrated that the PANS model better captures the spatial development of turbulent kinetic energy, along with asymmetric wake features and intricate vortex interactions. The analysis included detailed comparisons of wall shear stress, axial velocity, vorticity, vortex structure and turbulent kinetic energy distributions. In particular, the PANS model demonstrated superior capability in capturing flow separation, vortex development, and wake evolution under asymmetric inflow conditions. Under both conditions, the PANS model captured more coherent vortex structures and more pronounced variations in velocity, while the RANS model exhibited overpredicted turbulence energy and more diffused wake characteristics. These findings suggest that the PANS model offers a physically consistent and computationally efficient alternative to RANS for simulating unsteady and asymmetric flows around submerged bodies, particularly in scenarios where wake dynamics critically influence propulsion and maneuvering performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A numerical study on self-propulsion performance of the 66k DWT bulk carrier in low-speed calm water and regular wave conditions","authors":"Myeong-Min Kim ,&nbsp;Kwang-Jun Paik ,&nbsp;Soon-Hyun Lee ,&nbsp;Jae-Hyeon An ,&nbsp;Soo-Yeon Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the self-propulsion performance of the K-Supramax (66,000 DWT) bulk carrier in calm water and regular wave conditions at the design speed (14.5 knots) and 4.0 knots. Using the virtual disk method in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, the self-propulsion characteristics were validated based on KRISO's experimental data, and these characteristics were applied to analyze the self-propulsion performance under wave conditions. Major self-propulsion factors, such as the thrust deduction factor and effective wake fraction, were analyzed to examine the impact of wave conditions on propulsion efficiency. Additionally, the differences in the delivered power (DHP) estimated by the CFD simulation and the load variation method were analyzed according to wave conditions. This research identified the impact of added resistance due to waves on self-propulsion performance, demonstrating that the effect of added resistance was more significant at 4.0 knots than at 14.5 knots. This study provides fundamental data for analyzing self-propulsion performance under wave conditions and establishes an important foundation for future research on estimating the minimum propulsion power under both design and low-speed conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100729"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}