International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine最新文献

{"title":"SIRT1 and miR-34a as Potential Plasma Biomarkers in the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Mitra Ansari Dezfouli, Moslem Esmati, Seyed Khalil Rashidi, Shahram Rafie, Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani, Ebrahim Behzad","doi":"10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.2.714","DOIUrl":"10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.2.714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke is the major cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Identification of molecular biomarkers in the early hours after stroke is important in terms of both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. miR-34a, a highly expressed miRNA, is involved in many pathological mechanisms in the central nervous system. This miRNA targets sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) gene. Here, the efficacy of miR-34a/SIRT1 axis as a potential biomarker in the acute phase of ischemic stroke has been evaluated. 100 patients (in the first 12 hours after ischemic stroke) and 100 healthy subjects were examined. miR-34a expression level was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction and SIRT1 level was measured using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Stroke etiology and infarct size were investigated in the patients. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was also evaluated. Compared to the healthy controls, ischemic stroke patients showed increased miR-34a expression (P < 0.0001) and decreased SIRT1 levels (P < 0.0001). The levels of miR-34a and SIRT1 showed significant differences among various subtypes of stroke etiology and infarct size. The baseline NIHSS values were correlated negatively with SIRT1 (r=-0.89) and positively with miR-34a (r=0.81). Our results suggested that dysregulation in miR-34a/SIRT1 may be a potential biomarker in occurrence and severity of ischemic stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":14152,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine","volume":"14 2","pages":"714-725"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12321313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144789073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Methylation Analysis of SDC2 and TFPI2 in Plasma: A Noninvasive Liquid Biopsy Approach for Early Detection of Colorectal Polyp.","authors":"Milad Khabbazpour, Mohammad Heiat, Ashraf Karbasi, Majid Zaki-Dizaji","doi":"10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.2.646","DOIUrl":"10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.2.646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early detection is crucial for improving survival rates in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study evaluates the non-invasive diagnosis of polyps by assessing the methylation status of the TFPI2 and SDC2 genes in plasma. This study enrolled 27 individuals with low-risk polyps (LRP), 27 with high-risk polyps (HRP), and 27 healthy controls. The quantitative methylation levels of TFPI2 and SDC2 genes were analyzed in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) using the methylation-quantification endonuclease-resistant DNA (MethyQESD) method. Increased methylation percentages of both TFPI2 (TFPI2_1 and TFPI2_2) and SDC2 (SDC2_2) were observed in individuals with LRP and HRP. The combination of SDC2 and TFPI2 yielded an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.732 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.96, p=0.001) with a sensitivity of 66% (95% CI 46% - 82%) and specificity of 77% (95 CI 56% - 91%) for LRP. For HRP, the AUC was 0.890 (95% CI 0.596 to 0.843, p<0.001) with a sensitivity of 70% (95% CI 51% - 84%) and specificity of 92% (95 CI 75% - 99%). The combined assessment of SDC2 and TFPI2 methylation presents a potential approach for the early non-invasive detection of CRC and its associated precancerous lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14152,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine","volume":"14 2","pages":"646-655"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12321302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144789035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the Molecular Signaling: Deciphering Cancer Stem Cell Self-Renewal Pathways.","authors":"Seyed Nasser Hoseinian, Mohammad Saeedi, Mohammad Erfan Saravani, Sepideh Zenoozi, Fatemeh Mehranfar, Amin Pouyan","doi":"10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.2.753","DOIUrl":"10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.2.753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of cells within tumors that exhibit stem cell-like characteristics, including the ability to self-renew and differentiate. CSCs are the cause of carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. The expression of cell surface markers, which varies linked to the kind of tumor, is utilized to recognize CSCs. An essential part of tumor invasion and metastasis is played by CSCs. Numerous investigations have been carried out to find distinguished markers and different phenotypes of CSCs, which are especially crucial for identifying and separating this subset of cells. It was discovered that the regulation of CSCs involves a multitude of signaling pathways. These cells are determined by their ability to self-renewal pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT3, PTEN/PI3-K/Akt, and Hedgehog, their surface biomarkers, and their resistance to many drugs. Aberrant activation of these signaling pathways is associated with cell growth. Thus, focusing on CSCs is seen to be a viable anti-cancer treatment approach. It is encouraging that CSCs' self-renewal pathways present a viable target for changing their survival tactics and limiting their capacity to proliferate tumors. This study highlights the characterization and investigation of CSC self-renewal pathways, also discusses potential targeted therapy for CSC, and gives a summary of the significant factors and pathways that adjust CSC formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14152,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine","volume":"14 2","pages":"735-776"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12321308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144789039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-Dependent Modulation of NMDA Receptors: Neuroprotective Mechanisms against Oxidative Stress in Hippocampal Neurons.","authors":"Marjan Nikbakhtzadeh, Asal Behboudian, Maryam Mohammadnia, Zahra Yaghoobi, Saereh Hosseindoost, Afshin Kheradmand, Ghorbangol Ashabi","doi":"10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.2.682","DOIUrl":"10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.2.682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors are involved in synaptic plasticity and neuronal communication. They have various responses to oxidative stress based on the dosage of agonists or antagonists that may be applied. This study focuses on modulation of NMDA receptors in primary hippocampal neurons in oxidative stress condition to understand the effects of NMDA receptor activation and inhibition. In our experiments, primary hippocampal neurons were treated with NMDA and MK-801 to assess their effect on cell viability and apoptosis. Oxidative stress was induced at different concentrations, to evaluate NMDA receptor activity and the neuroprotective effects of MK-801. Apoptosis rates were specified by applying flow cytometry, and assaying caspase-3 activity. Intracellular calcium levels were monitored using fluorescent dye Fura-2 AM. NMDA at 200 μM significantly prevented the cytotoxic effect induced by H₂O₂ (P<0.001). MK-801 with concentrations of 5 to 20 μM, could reverse the cytotoxic effect of H₂O₂. As a result, it significantly inhibited the toxicity of H₂O₂ on neuronal cells (P<0.001), while 40 μM could not reverse its effects. NMDA (200 μM) increased neuronal survival to 88.3% in the presence of H₂O₂ and prevented apoptosis. MK-801 (5 μM) also elevated cell survival to 87.2%. Treatment with NMDA (200 µM) + H₂O₂ also did not show any changes in the Fura-2AM fluorescence compared to the H₂O₂ group (P>0.05). However, MK-801+ H₂O₂ reduced the effects of H₂O₂ on the fluorescence ratio and calcium influx considerably in comparison with the H₂O₂ group (P<0.01). Treatment with MK-801 (5 μM) effectively mitigated the effects of H₂O₂ on caspase-3 activity compared to the H₂O₂ group (P<0.001). Importantly, the dose-dependent effects of NMDA receptors offer a new path into finding therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases <b><i>.</i></b></p>","PeriodicalId":14152,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine","volume":"14 2","pages":"682-693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12321311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144789036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-tumor Effects of Curcumin and ABT-737 in Combination Therapy for Glioblastoma in Vivo.","authors":"Zahra Sadat Miri, Hossein Bagheri, Alireza Amani, Hadi Karami","doi":"10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.1.552","DOIUrl":"10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.1.552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The resistance of tumor cells to ABT-737 can be attributed to alterations in the equilibrium of Bcl-2 family proteins. In this study, the effect of curcumin on the Mcl-1expression and the sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to ABT-737 were examined. Trypan blue assay and colony formation assay were performed to explore the effects of treatments on cell proliferation. MTT assay was performed to measure cytotoxicity. Cell migration was determined using a wound healing assay. Cell apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33342 staining, ELISA cell death, and caspase-3 activity assay. The expression levels of Mcl-1 mRNA were also tested by qRT-PCR. Our results revealed that combination therapy significantly lowered the IC₅₀ value and synergistically decreased the colony formation and migration, cell survival and growth of glioblastoma cells compared with curcumin or ABT-737 alone. Treatment with curcumin clearly inhibited the expression of Mcl-1 mRNA. Moreover, suppression of Mcl-1 mRNA by curcumin was associated with enhancement of apoptosis induced by ABT-737. In conclusion, curcumin has the ability to inhibit the cell proliferation and migration, and activate the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Moreover, it can enhance the sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to ABT-737 by suppressing the expression of Mcl-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":14152,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"552-566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Down Expression of Zyxin is Associated with Down Expression of p53 in Colorectal Cancer.","authors":"Hossein Mohammadi, Ebrahim Shakiba, Rezvan Rostampour, Kiana Bahremand, Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi, Homayoon Bashiri, Khadijeh Najafi Ghobadi, Soheila Asadi","doi":"10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.1.462","DOIUrl":"10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.1.462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC), which is among the most prevalent cancers worldwide, is caused by environmental and genetic factors. It has been shown that the <i>p53</i> gene is associated with CRC pathogenesis; moreover, Zyxin (ZYX) may play a role in <i>p53</i> level and activity. Therefore, the present research aimed to investigate the levels of P53 and <i>ZYX</i> genes and proteins in CRC tumor samples. Cancerous tissues (n=31) and matched non-cancerous tissues (n=31) were randomly obtained from 31 patients with CRC. Total RNA was extracted using RNXplus, and gene expressions were assessed by Real-time PCR. Furthermore, the Western blot technique was used to investigate the expression of ZYX and P53 proteins. The obtained results revealed that the expression of <i>ZYX</i> and <i>p53</i> genes in cancerous tissues showed no significant difference compared to matched non-cancerous tissues. On the other hand, measuring protein expression using the Western blotting technique indicated that the ZYX (P=0.0081) and <i>p53</i> (P=0.0065) expression in tumor tissues significantly decreased compared to those in matched non-cancerous tissues. Correlation analysis indicated a significant correlation between ZYX and P53 proteins (r=0.746, P=0.013). Based on our findings, ZYX might have a suppressive function in CRC and is associated with P53.</p>","PeriodicalId":14152,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"461-471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Curcumin on Biofilm Production and Associated Gene in Multidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Isolated from Hospitalized Patients.","authors":"Kasra Javadi, Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi, Mehdi Rajabnia, Mehrdad Halaji","doi":"10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.1.567","DOIUrl":"10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.1.567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) <i>Acinetobacter</i> <i>baumannii</i> has become a major global healthcare concern due to its opportunistic infections and high antibiotic resistance. This investigation is intended to investigate curcumin's potential anti-bacterial and antibiofilm impacts on MDR <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i> and to present a promising strategy for fighting against infections caused by this pathogen. This cross-sectional investigation comprised 34 MDR <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i> clinical isolates. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method evaluated the sensitivity of isolates to multifaceted anti-bacterial agents. The microdilution broth method quantified curcumin's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The efficacy of curcumin in inhibiting MDR <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i> biofilm was assessed via 96-well microtiter plates. The expression of the biofilm-associated protein (<i>bap</i>) gene was evaluated by employing quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Within the 34 MDR <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i> isolates, the highest resistance was noted for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin, with all 34 isolates (100%) indicating resistance. The lowest resistance was noted for ampicillin/sulbactam, with 22 isolates (64.7%) exhibiting resistance. The MICs of curcumin ranged from 0.625 to 2.5 mg/ml, while the MBCs varied between 1.25 to 5 mg/ml. Curcumin reduced biofilm formation by 25% to 91%, depending on the concentration. In contrast to the untreated control, the average relative activity of the <i>bap</i> gene in MDR <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates declined by 62.07%. The findings indicate that curcumin demonstrates antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities against MDR <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i>. The downregulation noted in the <i>bap</i> gene further supports the curcumin's anti-biofilm impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":14152,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"567-575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the Role of LINC01980 in Laryngeal Cancer: From Expression Profiling to Regulatory Network Prediction.","authors":"Masoumeh Razipour, Zeinab Jamali, Elham Ghadami, Saeed Sohrabpour, Leyla Sahebi, Abbas Shakoori","doi":"10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.1.517","DOIUrl":"10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.1.517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains a significant global health challenge despite advances in treatment. This study investigated the involvement of LINC01980, a long non-coding RNA, in LSCC pathogenesis. We conducted an integrative analysis of transcriptomic data sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases to identify genes that are differentially expressed in LSCC. LINC01980 expression was evaluated in 32 matched pairs of advanced-stage LSCC and adjacent normal tissues using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The potential competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network involving LINC01980 was explored through bioinformatics analyses. Findings revealed significant upregulation of LINC01980 in LSCC tissues compared to normal adjacent tissues (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), with elevated expression in 78.125% of tumor samples. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated LINC01980's potential as a diagnostic biomarker (AUC = 0.7666, <i>p</i> = 0.0002). While no significant correlations were found between LINC01980 expression and clinicopathological features, bioinformatics analyses identified potential LINC01980/ miRNA/ mRNA regulatory network involving hsa-let-7e-5p and hub gene MMP9. This study provides insights into LINC01980's role in LSCC and suggests its potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms of LINC01980 in LSCC progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":14152,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"517-532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gambogic Acid Mitigates Nephropathy by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Diabetic Rats.","authors":"Ruttiya Thongrung, Sarawut Lapmanee, Penjai Thongnuanjan Bray, Patlada Suthamwong, Suwaporn Deandee, Kanjana Pangjit, Chaowalit Yuajit","doi":"10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.1.448","DOIUrl":"10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.1.448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease globally, with limited treatment options to prevent its progression. Gambogic acid (GA), a xanthone isolated from Garcinia hanburyi, has shown notable anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties. This study aimed to assess GA's renoprotective effects in a model of diabetic nephropathy mediated by low dose streptozotocin (STZ) combined with a high-fat diet, focusing on its potential to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. Control-treated vehicle and STZ/high-fat diet-mediated diabetic rats were administered either the vehicle or 3 or 6 mg/kg of GA to assess its effects on renal inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. Renal histological changes were assessed, and markers for inflammation and oxidative stress, including I-κBα, p-p38/MAPK, and p-p65NF-κB pathways, were measured to explore the mechanisms of GA. Diabetic rats showed significant renal dysfunction, structural damage, and increased inflammation and fibrosis. Treatment with GA markedly improved renal structure and function. GA also reduced oxidative stress, increased I-κBα expression, and inhibited key signaling pathways, specifically p-p38/MAPK and p-p65NF-κB, involved in cellular inflammation. GA exhibits promising renoprotective effects in diabetic nephropathy by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for diabetic renal disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":14152,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"448-461"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colorectal Cancer: Risk Factors, Novel Approaches in Molecular Screening and Treatment.","authors":"Khatereh Anbari, Koroush Ghanadi","doi":"10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.1.576","DOIUrl":"10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.1.576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By 2040 the burden of colorectal cancer will increase to 3.2 million new cases per year and 1.6 million deaths per year. This highlights the importance of improving preventive measures and treatment strategies. This piece concisely overviews the latest therapeutic and diagnostic approaches for colorectal cancer. In 2019, factors such as low milk intake, smoking, insufficient calcium consumption, and alcohol use had a significant impact on colorectal cancer DALYs worldwide. A comprehensive search was conducted in December 2023 using keywords related to drugs, therapeutic agents, colorectal cancer, diagnostic methods, epidemiology, and novel therapeutic approaches in the PubMed and Scopus databases. Initially, 325 articles were identified based on titles, abstracts, and publication dates. After removing duplicates, 170 unique articles were included. Medications like Nimotuzumab, Cetuximab, and Panitumumab target the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), which EGF activates. HER2, activated by ligands, is the focus of drugs like Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab. The PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways, as the immune checkpoints, which involve T cells, are targeted by medications like Ipilimumab. Adoptive cell therapy, including CAR-T cell therapy, TCR modification, and enhancing T cell activity through tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, is used to combat cancer cell growth. In medical advancements, adoptive cell transfer therapy (ACT) and exosomes in the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) are notable treatment methods that boost the immune system. HIF1A-AS1, CRNDE-h, NEAT1, ZFAS1, and GAS5, along with IGFBP-2, have demonstrated significant CRC diagnostic capacity. Compared to CRC patients with low HIF1A-AS1 expression, individuals with high expression levels were linked to a worse 5-year survival rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":14152,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"576-605"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}