International Journal of General Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Acupuncture for the Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy: An Overview of Systematic Reviews.","authors":"Ruisi Chen, Jixin Chen, Dongdong Cao, Chao Du, Jiwei Zhong, Aifeng Liu","doi":"10.2147/IJGM.S553977","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJGM.S553977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acupuncture has been extensively applied in the clinical management of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR). This overview aims to systematically summarize the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of CSR, as well as to assess the methodological rigor and quality of evidence of the included studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search for systematic reviews and meta-analyses was conducted across four Chinese and five international databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Chongqing VIP).The literature search was conducted from the inception of each database to May 2025 (1996-2025). The PRISMA 2020 statement, AMSTAR 2, ROBIS, and GRADE tools were used to assess reporting quality, methodological quality, risk of bias, and evidence strength. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations were also performed on the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six SR/MA studies were included. One study had relatively complete reporting with a PRISMA score of 24.5, while five showed reporting deficiencies (scores 18-20). All six studies scored very low on methodological quality according to AMSTAR 2. Only one study was rated as low risk of bias by ROBIS, while five were high risk. GRADE assessment of 41 outcomes showed 2.4% moderate quality, 24.3% low quality, and 73.2% very low quality, mainly downgraded due to study design limitations and publication bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acupuncture combined with conventional treatment may provide therapeutic benefits for CSR patients compared to conventional treatment alone. However, the safety of acupuncture for CSR has not been systematically evaluated, and the overall evidence quality is low, so conclusions should be interpreted cautiously.</p>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"5959-5975"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12493101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Sepsis-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.","authors":"Chen Yan, Yangming Cai, Weiyi Cai, Qin Wang, Wen Li, Qing Geng","doi":"10.2147/IJGM.S542796","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJGM.S542796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical condition with high morbidity and mortality. Early identification of patients at high risk is crucial for timely intervention. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting the risk of ARDS in patients with sepsis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 308 patients with sepsis were retrospectively enrolled as the development cohort, and 132 patients were enrolled as an external validation cohort. Patients were categorized into ARDS and non-ARDS groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified independent risk factors for ARDS in the development cohort, which were used to construct a nomogram. The nomogram's performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), and the Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the development cohort, 104 patients (33.77%) developed ARDS. Pulmonary infection (Odds Ratio [OR]=16.82), procalcitonin (PCT) (OR=2.71), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (OR=1.102), oxygenation index (OR=0.861), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (OR=1.785) were identified as independent predictors. The nomogram demonstrated excellent discrimination, with an AUC of 0.862 in the development cohort and 0.881 in the validation cohort. Calibration curves showed good agreement between predicted and observed probabilities, supported by non-significant H-L tests (P>0.05). DCA confirmed the nomogram's clinical utility across a wide range of risk thresholds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed nomogram, incorporating five accessible variables, is a reliable and practical tool for predicting the risk of ARDS in patients with sepsis. This model can assist clinicians in identifying high-risk individuals for early preventive measures and personalized management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"5917-5925"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12493111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role and Research Progress of Glycolytic Metabolic Reprogramming in Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis.","authors":"Yurong Sun, Bin Zhang, Fengyi Liu, Bo Luan, Yanchun Ding","doi":"10.2147/IJGM.S550081","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJGM.S550081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerosis(AS) is a chronic vascular disease resulting from the combined effects of lipid deposition and inflammatory responses, in which the phenotypic plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a central role in disease progression. Under aerobic conditions, VSMCs undergo a metabolic shift reminiscent of the \"Warburg effect\", supporting their proliferation, migration, and phenotypic modulation through enhanced glycolytic flux. Despite its pathophysiological significance, the mechanistic interplay between glycolytic reprogramming in VSMCs and atherosclerotic progression remains inadequately systematized. This review aims to bridge this knowledge gap by synthesizing emerging evidence on how glycolysis orchestrates VSMCs remodeling and contributes to the clinical manifestations of AS. Furthermore, we explore the synergistic coupling between glycolytic metabolism and electrophysiological dynamics in VSMCs-an emerging area with transformative potential. Our methodology integrates multidimensional strategies: first, we delineate the metabolic drivers of VSMCs phenotypic switching in AS; second, we combine in vitro and in vivo models to elucidate the role of VSMCs glycolysis in diabetes-accelerated AS and in-stent restenosis; lastly, we investigate metaboloelectrophysiological crosstalk and ion channel regulation as central mechanisms. This synthesis provides a conceptual and mechanistic foundation for targeting glycolytic pathways in AS and its complications, offering novel avenues for therapeutic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"5803-5810"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12484110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Metabolic and Gut Microbiome Differences in Age-Associated Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) Pediatric Patients May Benefit Clinical Therapy Development.","authors":"Xiaqing Han, Jianen Zhu, Wenying Zhao, Ying Han","doi":"10.2147/IJGM.S548349","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJGM.S548349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a rare, genetically based neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability. While previous research has largely focused on its genetic mechanisms, the role of metabolism and the gut microbiome in FXS remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate age-related metabolic differences in the gut flora and serum metabolites of children with FXS and their associations with clinical behavioral outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 32 children with FXS under 18 years were enrolled and divided into two age groups: younger (3-8 years) and older (8-18 years). Intestinal microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S rDNA gene sequencing, and serum metabolite profiles were assessed via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess associations among gut flora, serum metabolites, and scores from the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences in gut bacterial genera and 1,352 serum metabolites were observed between the age groups. The older group exhibited higher levels of phospholipids, steroids, and peptides, and enrichment in the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway. Several metabolites were significantly correlated with SRS and CBCL scores, indicating potential links between metabolic changes and behavioral symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age-associated metabolic and gut microbiota alterations in FXS may contribute to variations in clinical presentation. These findings suggest a metabolic basis for FXS and provide a foundation for future research into microbiome-targeted interventions in FXS management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"5869-5882"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12484101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practice and Effect Evaluation of Hypertension Homogenization Management Model Under the \"Walking Hospital\" Mode in Primary Medical Institutions.","authors":"Falin Weng, Gang Feng, Wei Lu, Libin Xu, Wenxiang Zhu, Man Tan, Pengjuan Weng, Yating Wang","doi":"10.2147/IJGM.S544119","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJGM.S544119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To practice and evaluate the effectiveness of a hypertension homogenization management model under the \"walking hospital\" mode in primary medical institutions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examines the impact of hypertension management under the \"Walking Hospital\" model in Wushan County, encompassing all eligible hypertension patients with established records from various townships and streets. The management approach involves standardized procedures, including unified blood pressure measurement, diagnostic evaluation, treatment follow-up, referral of acute and severe cases, and quality control standards. Data is collected through face-to-face interviews before and after the management initiative. Key indicators of observation include the status of hypertension control (awareness, treatment, and control rates) across different areas. Patient follow-up and data collection span from August 2023 to August 2024. Analysis is conducted using SPSS 22.0, with categorical variable data presented as percentages, and repeated measures ANOVA used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prior to the implementation of the aforementioned management strategies, the prevalence of hypertension awareness in Wushan County was 50.35% (±7.09% SD), with a treatment rate of 42.73% (±7.20% SD) and a control rate of 16.25% (±2.49% SD). Following the implementation of these strategies, there was a significant increase in hypertension awareness to 72.85% (±4.99% SD), treatment rate to 60.92% (±3.78% SD), and control rate to 43.32% (±3.41% SD) in Wushan County (p<0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Wushan County's \"walking hospital\" for hypertension management employs standardized procedures, encompassing uniform blood pressure measurement, diagnostic evaluation, treatment monitoring, emergency protocols for acute and severe cases, and stringent quality control standards. This approach effectively enhances the awareness, treatment adherence, and control of hypertension in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"5845-5853"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12484106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep and Cardiometabolic Health: A Narrative Review of Epidemiological Evidence, Mechanisms, and Interventions.","authors":"Thanyaporn Direksunthorn","doi":"10.2147/IJGM.S563616","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJGM.S563616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Short or poor-quality sleep can disrupt glucose metabolism, blood pressure regulation, appetite hormones, and inflammatory pathways, potentially accelerating weight gain, atherosclerosis, and insulin resistance. However, this multidimensional role of sleep in cardiometabolic disease prevention and management remains underappreciated. Existing literature has not fully synthesized how various aspects of sleep influence the spectrum of cardiometabolic conditions, nor how improving sleep might confer health benefits.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This narrative review examines epidemiological evidence linking sleep health to cardiometabolic outcomes, elucidates biological mechanisms underlying these associations, and discusses interventions aimed at optimizing sleep for cardiometabolic benefit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched and reviewed recent studies and meta-analyses on sleep duration, sleep quality, insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and circadian disruption in relation to obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and mortality.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Abnormal sleep patterns are consistently associated with elevated risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality. Habitual short sleep predicts higher incidence of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, while chronic insomnia is linked to 45% greater odds of developing or dying from cardiovascular disease. Conversely, healthy sleep-typically 7-9 hours of regular, high-quality sleep per night-is associated with favorable cardiometabolic profiles and has been added to public health cardiovascular metrics. Mechanistically, inadequate sleep provokes insulin resistance, sympathetic overactivity, hormonal appetite changes, and systemic inflammation, which synergistically promote cardiometabolic disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prioritizing healthy sleep habits and treating sleep disorders should become integral to lifestyle medicine for cardiometabolic health. Emerging intervention trials suggest that extending sleep or treating OSA can modestly improve weight control, glycemic regulation, and blood pressure.</p>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"5831-5843"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Correlation Between Rhabdomyolysis and the 24 Solar Terms: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Huijin Xue, Luyao Lin, Tongyan Zhang, Weihua Zhao","doi":"10.2147/IJGM.S535234","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJGM.S535234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rhabdomyolysis(RMI) is a life-threatening clinical disease, and its onset is correlated with climate temperature changes. However, there is a lack of research on the onset time of this disease, making it impossible to predict its occurrence from a temporal perspective.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the correlation between the 24 Solar Terms and the RMI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients with creatine kinase (CK) levels ≥1000 U/L detected at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February 4, 2022, to February 3, 2024. The data indicators observed included admission and discharge dates, length of hospital stay, underlying diseases, complications, relevant laboratory test indicators, and recovery status. The relationships between the fluctuations in the number of cases and the 24 solar terms were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1124 cases of RMI were identified, with 606 cases from February 4, 2022, to January 3, 2023, and 518 cases from January 4, 2023, to February 3, 2024. Among them, 816 were male, and 308 were female. The incidence of RMI showed periodic fluctuations with the solar terms, with the highest number of cases occurring during the Great Cold period and the lowest during the Vernal Equinox and Lesser Fullness periods. Among the 781 hospitalized patients, 266 (n=34.06%) had electrolyte disorders as complications. A total of 108 patients (n=13.83%) experienced varying degrees of renal impairment, and 45 patients (n=5.76%) developed acute kidney injury (AKI), accounting for 41.67% of those with renal impairment. Among the patients with AKI, 21 (n=46.67%) died eventually.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a correlation between the 24 Solar Terms and the RMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"5855-5868"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of Morbidity Based on Ulcerative Colitis: A Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis.","authors":"Yan Huang, Zhuolin Ma, Xiaonan Xu, Zhaoxia Liu","doi":"10.2147/IJGM.S532534","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJGM.S532534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon and rectum that has become an increasing global health concern. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, epithelial barrier dysfunction, gut microbiota imbalance, and immune dysregulation. Clinically, UC is characterized by bloody diarrhea, mucosal inflammation, and a relapsing-remitting course, with diagnosis typically confirmed by clinical, endoscopic, histological, and laboratory findings. Despite the increasing number of therapeutic options, including corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics, many patients still experience suboptimal responses or adverse events, and some ultimately require colectomy. In this context, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has attracted attention as a complementary approach due to its multi-target mechanisms and historical use in gastrointestinal diseases. This review summarizes recent evidence on the application of TCM in UC, including its theoretical foundations, active compounds, and modulation of key signaling pathways such as TLR4/NF-κB, NLRP3, JAK/STAT3, PI3K/Akt, Notch, and AMPK/mTOR. Additionally, we highlight clinical data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating TCM formulas either as monotherapy or in combination with conventional treatments. Some studies report improvements in symptom scores, inflammatory markers, and endoscopic healing when TCM is combined with agents like mesalazine. However, these findings must be interpreted with caution. Most RCTs are single-center with small sample sizes, lack placebo control, and show considerable heterogeneity in intervention protocols and outcome assessments, making quantitative comparisons to standard therapies, such as remission rates or adverse event frequencies relative to mesalazine or biologics, being limited. Therefore, while TCM demonstrates therapeutic potential in UC management, more rigorous evidence is needed to establish its comparative efficacy and safety. Future studies should include large-scale, multicenter, placebo-controlled RCTs with standardized endpoints, and consider integrating TCM syndrome differentiation with modern pathophysiological frameworks to enhance clinical relevance and translational value.</p>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"5811-5829"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12478214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Status of Diagnosis and Treatment of Cap Polyposis: Insights From Chinese Studies and Comparative Analysis with Japanese Cases.","authors":"Xiaobo Liu, Wen Xu, Ziye Gao, Bo Gao, Lu Zhang, Yanyan Zheng, Danqin Zhang, Yuanjun Gao, Shu Jin","doi":"10.2147/IJGM.S545573","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJGM.S545573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cap polyposis (CP) is a rare, non-neoplastic colorectal disorder characterized by inflammatory polyps with distinctive endoscopic and histopathological features. Although increasingly reported, particularly in East Asian populations, its etiology remains unclear, and diagnostic and treatment strategies are not well standardized. Previous studies have been limited by small sample sizes and regional focus. This review aims to systematically analyze the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of CP in Chinese patients, with comparative insights from Japanese cases, to improve understanding and guide clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang databases for studies published before October 2023. Keywords included \"cap polyposis\" and \"cap-shaped polyp\". Articles were screened against predefined inclusion criteria: studies from Mainland China, pathologically confirmed CP cases, and availability of clinical and therapeutic data. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen studies involving 57 patients were included. The most common symptoms were hematochezia (59.6%) and diarrhea (28.1%). Polyps were predominantly located in the rectum (68.4%), and 66.7% of patients had three or more polyps. Helicobacter pylori testing was positive in 57.1% of tested patients (12/21). Comparative analysis with Japanese cases revealed similar rectal predominance but suggested potential variations in gender distribution and treatment preferences. Treatments included endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection, H. pylori eradication, and surgery. During a median follow-up of 14 months, 10 patients experienced recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CP is a benign but easily misdiagnosed condition with a high recurrence rate. Diagnosis relies on combined endoscopic and histopathological findings. Treatment remains empirical, with H. pylori eradication beneficial in infected patients, and endoscopic resection effective for localized disease. Further multicenter studies are needed to establish standardized management protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"5777-5801"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12478197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Combined with Anemia and Hyperuricemia: A Retrospective Case Study.","authors":"Zhengjiang Liu, Bixia Yan, Ronghua Huang, Yi Zhou, Xingshou Pan","doi":"10.2147/IJGM.S536026","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJGM.S536026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is associated with high mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to investigate sex differences in clinical characteristics, ventricular remodeling, cardiovascular risk factors, and prognosis among patients with HFrEF complicated by anemia and hyperuricemia.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>We analyzed data from patients with HFrEF admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities between January 1, 2018, and September 1, 2022. A total of 185 patients with HFrEF, anemia, and hyperuricemia (HU) were included. Laboratory and echocardiographic parameters were examined, and Cox regression analysis was used to identify prognostic risk factors. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors were compared between sexes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Female patients had lower body weight, smaller body size, more severe anemia, and fewer ischemic causes of ventricular remodeling compared with male patients. Male patients had a higher prevalence of smoking and renal insufficiency. Serum uric acid predicted lower extremity venous thrombosis (area under the curve = 0.736). During a median follow-up of 21.78 months, no significant sex difference in cardiovascular events was observed. However, multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis demonstrated sex-specific prognostic factors. The independent risk factors in males were body weight (HR = 1.035, 95% CI: 1.016-1.054, <i>P</i> = 0.001), total protein (HR = 0.965, 95% CI: 0.934-0.997, <i>P</i> = 0.031), albumin/globulin ratio (HR = 2.024, 95% CI: 1.093-3.749, <i>P</i> = 0.025), and atrial fibrillation (HR = 0.399, 95% CI: 0.254-0.627, <i>P</i> = 0.001). Independent risk factor in females was MCHC (HR = 1.037, 95% CI: 1.011-1.064, <i>P</i> = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with HFrEF, anemia, and HU, males and females exhibited distinct clinical characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors, despite having similar survival outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of addressing sex-specific risk profiles in the clinical management of HFrEF.</p>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"5755-5763"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}