International Journal of Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"New-onset renal diseases after total knee arthroplasty in patients with osteoarthritis: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Shiu-Jau Chen, Hsin-Yo Lu, Chih-Lung Wu, Chun-Wei Lin, Hui-Chin Chang, Shuo-Yan Gau","doi":"10.7150/ijms.121331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.121331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating condition often treated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA), a procedure effective in alleviating pain but associated with potential renal complications, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). While perioperative risks are known, long-term kidney-related outcomes of TKA remain underexplored. This study investigates the association between TKA and the risks of new-onset AKI and CKD compared to non-surgical OA management.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX Research Network included adults with OA who underwent TKA (n=41,027) and matched non-surgical controls (n=41,027). Propensity score matching balanced demographics, comorbidities, and medical utilization. Renal outcomes were assessed using Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated. Sensitivity and stratified analyses evaluated robustness and subgroup-specific risks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TKA significantly increased the risk of AKI (HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.40-1.57) and CKD (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.24-1.37). Females showed higher risks of AKI (HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.44-1.67) and CKD (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.24-1.40). Younger patients (18-64 years) exhibited elevated risks of AKI (HR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.56-2.31) and CKD (HR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.38-2.18). Sensitivity analyses confirmed consistent results across various models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TKA is associated with increased risks of AKI and CKD, particularly in females and younger patients. These findings underscore the need for enhanced perioperative care, renal risk stratification, and long-term monitoring to mitigate adverse renal outcomes in TKA recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"23 4","pages":"1509-1518"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13048896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147622865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Radiological Remodeling after Irreversible Electroporation Versus Radiofrequency Ablation: A Prospective Comparative Study (The LIRA Study).","authors":"Yiting Liu, Qin Liu, Haiyang Yu, Wei Huang, Ziyin Wang, Qingbing Wang, Jingjing Liu, Xiaoyan Fei, Junwei Gu, Zhongmin Wang, Xiaoyi Ding, Zhiyuan Wu","doi":"10.7150/ijms.133300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.133300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate the short- to intermediate-term radiological evolution of ablation zones using contrast-enhanced MRI and to assess clinically relevant outcomes following irreversible electroporation (IRE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with liver tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-five ablation zones from 24 patients were prospectively evaluated in the LIRA Study. Serial contrast-enhanced MRI was performed at predefined time points (post-ablation day 7 as baseline, 1 month, and 3 months), and ablation-zone geometry was quantitatively analyzed and compared between groups. In addition to longitudinal radiological evolution of the ablation zone, local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) was evaluated as the primary clinical endpoint; disease control and treatment-related safety were also assessed. Peripheral immune profiling was assessed in an exploratory manner.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Longitudinal imaging demonstrated distinct ablation-zone remodeling patterns between the two modalities. Ablation-zone volume and surface area decreased significantly at both 1 and 3 months in both groups, with smaller normalized values in the IRE group. In contrast, a significantly greater change in the surface area-to-volume ratio was observed only at 3 months with IRE versus RFA (IRE: 0.27 [0.16-0.36] vs. RFA: 0.04 [0.02-0.08]; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Treatment efficacy was comparable between groups, whereas procedure-related complications occurred more frequently in the IRE group (45% vs. 0%; <i>p</i> = 0.011). Exploratory peripheral immune profiling revealed time-dependent immune fluctuations following IRE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IRE is associated with more pronounced longitudinal radiological evolution of the ablation zone compared with RFA, with comparable clinical outcomes and time-dependent immune fluctuations observed after ablation in liver tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":14031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"23 4","pages":"1470-1481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13048883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147622877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Multi-dimensional Mechanisms and Transformation Prospects of the Intratumoral Microbiota-Arginine Metabolism Axis in Tumor Progression and Immune Regulation.","authors":"Shuyang Yu, Jinhua Chen, Wan Shu, Guanxiao Chen, Xiaoyu Shen, Shuangshuang Cheng, Kejun Dong, Hongbo Wang","doi":"10.7150/ijms.128450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.128450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intratumoral microbiota, as an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), impact tumor progression by regulating the arginine-ornithine metabolic axis. It has become a new frontier in tumor research. Arginine is a crucial amino acid in TME, and its metabolites, ornithine and polyamines, directly promote tumor proliferation and induce immunosuppression. Intratumoral microbiota mainly exert their effects through two direct pathways: 1) arginine depletion, such as <i>Streptococcus</i> in gastric cancer. Specific intratumoral microbiota highly express arginine deiminase (ADI) or arginase (Arg) to consume arginine in the TME, leading to T cell dysfunction and enhancing immunosuppressive cells. 2) Ornithine/polyamines supplement, such as <i>fusobacteria</i> in esophageal cancer produce putrescine. The microbiota converts arginine into ornithine, which is then synthesized into polyamines, directly stimulating tumor cell proliferation and reshaping the immunosuppressive TME. Additionally, the metabolic products from the microbiota like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and indole substances, can amplify these effects through signaling pathways including G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) and aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AHR). The regulation of intratumoral microbiota-arginine metabolism axis has a \"double-edged sword\" characteristic, relying on the metabolic dependence of the different tumors, which provides a basis for precise treatment. Furthermore, strategies targeting the axis present great potential, including Arg1 inhibitors (CB-1158) in combination with immunotherapy, engineered probiotics to supply arginine and inhibit polyamine synthesis <i>in situ</i> within the TME. These advancements also indicate there is enormous progress from exploring the intratumoral microbiota-metabolism interaction to developing novel tumor microecological therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"23 4","pages":"1535-1553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13048895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Association Between Body Mass Index and Kidney Stone Disease in Taiwanese: A Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Ming-Ru Lee, Po-Yu Hsu, Szu-Chia Chen, Shu-Pin Huang, Jiun-Hung Geng","doi":"10.7150/ijms.128104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.128104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a common urological disorder with an increasing incidence worldwide. Previous observational studies have reported an association between body mass index (BMI) and KSD; however, the causal relationship remains uncertain, particularly in Asian populations. This study aimed to investigate the causal effect of BMI on KSD risk in Taiwanese individuals using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>BMI-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified through a literature review and validated in Taiwanese cohorts (n = 107,191). Significant SNPs (<i>P</i>-value < 0.05) were selected as instrumental variables for MR analysis, with KSD as the outcome. Several MR methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), median-based, robust, and MR-Egger approaches, were applied to estimate the causal effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 17 BMI-associated SNPs validated in the Taiwanese cohort were used as instrumental variables in the MR analysis. The penalized IVW model demonstrated a significant positive association between genetically predicted BMI and KSD risk (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.22-3.81, <i>P</i>-value = 0.008). Similar results were observed using robust IVW (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.25-3.62, <i>P</i>-value = 0.005) and weighted median approaches (<i>P</i>-value = 0.050 and 0.042). No evidence of directional pleiotropy was detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings provide genetic evidence supporting a causal association between higher BMI and increased KSD risk in Taiwanese individuals, suggesting that weight management may play an important role in KSD prevention. Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying biological mechanisms, population-specific genetic susceptibilities, and effective preventive strategies for obesity-related KSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"23 5","pages":"1605-1612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Conventional Analgesics: Updated Evidence Supporting Botulinum Toxin Type A for-Neuralgia Management.","authors":"Jui-Ting Yu, Chen-Pi Li, Tsai-Mei Huang, Ru-Yin Tsai","doi":"10.7150/ijms.130934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.130934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuralgia is a chronic neuropathic pain condition characterized by recurrent paroxysms of severe pain that are often refractory to conventional pharmacological therapies. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has emerged as a promising adjunctive treatment due to its analgesic and neuromodulatory properties.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remains heterogeneous, with variability in dosage, injection protocols, and follow-up duration. In addition, prior meta-analyses lacked detailed subgroup analyses, and several RCTs combined BTX-A with concomitant long-term analgesics, obscuring its independent therapeutic effect. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the efficacy and safety of BTX-A monotherapy for neuralgia, while permitting the use of acute analgesics (PROSPERO registration: CRD420251042926).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for RCTs published up to September 2025 that evaluated BTX-A monotherapy in adults with neuralgia. Study selection and data extraction adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models, and heterogeneity was quantified with the <i>I²</i> statistic. Prespecified subgroup analyses were conducted based on dosage and follow-up duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven RCTs encompassing 368 participants were included. Compared with placebo or standard therapy, BTX-A significantly reduced pain intensity (VAS), attack frequency, and rescue analgesic use, while improving sleep quality, quality of life (QoL), and patient global impression of change (PGIC). Subgroup analysis revealed that low-dose regimens (<50 U) achieved comparable analgesic efficacy and durability to higher doses, with effects sustained for approximately three months. No serious adverse events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BTX-A monotherapy provides clinically meaningful pain relief and functional improvement in patients with neuralgia, including trigeminal and postherpetic neuralgia. Its favorable safety profile and sustained efficacy support its role as an effective adjunct or alternative for refractory neuropathic pain. Future large-scale RCTs with standardized dosing and extended follow-up are warranted to optimize treatment protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":14031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"23 4","pages":"1456-1469"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13048893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147622774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Betulin inhibits inflammatory factors synthesis in osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts by suppressing the PI3K, Akt, and mTOR pathways and activating miR-5006-5p.","authors":"Kun-Tsan Lee, Chun-Hao Tsai, Yu-Han Wang, Xiu-Yuan He, Yi-Chin Fong, Chih-Yuan Ko, Chih-Hsin Tang","doi":"10.7150/ijms.130493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.130493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread joint condition often linked to aging and obesity, resulting in pain, joint dysfunction, and disability. Betulin, a lupane-type pentacyclic triterpene alcohol extracted from birch trees, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties; however, its anti-inflammatory effects in OA remain largely unknown. Our high-throughput cytokine array data exhibit that betulin inhibits two key inflammatory factors, CHI3L1 and ICAM-1, in OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs). Results from the GEO database and our clinical tissues confirm that CHI3L1 and ICAM-1 levels are markedly higher in OA patients compared to healthy individuals. Furthermore, anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced OA rats exhibited upregulated CHI3L1 and ICAM-1 expression. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that betulin inhibits CHI3L1 and ICAM-1 synthesis in OASFs by inhibiting the PI3K, Akt, and mTOR pathways and activating miR-5006-5p. Importantly, molecular docking analysis predicted an interaction between betulin with CHI3L1 and ICAM-1, suggesting its direct effects. Our investigation suggests that betulin is a leading candidate for OA management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"23 4","pages":"1567-1576"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13048882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147622843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atropine Eye Drops in Childhood Myopia Control: A Review.","authors":"Qin Zhu, Yanhua Chen, Xuejiao Li, Liping Xue, Xiaofan Zhang, Guanglong Zhou, Yuan Zhou, Jieying Zhang, Allison Wilde, Yingting Zhu, Yuezu Li","doi":"10.7150/ijms.126651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.126651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myopia is a pandemic problem in this world. Per 2019 report of the World Health Organization in their first-ever report on vision, ~27% world's population are suffering from myopia. This trend is expected to increase to ~50% by 2050. Unfortunately, no cure method is available so far due to its complications of the mechanistic actions. Therefore, control of myopia is the focus clinically. Currently, it is suggested that 0.05% atropine is optimal, balanced in efficacy and rebound in controlling myopia initiation and progression. In such a control process, measurement of reduction in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) progression and axial length (AL) elongation are critical for efficacy and rebound of atropine eye drops. For example, in Low-concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) study over one year, 0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.01% atropine can reduce SER progression by 67%, 43%, and 27%, decrease AL elongation by 51%, 29%, and 12%, respectively, while 0.5%, 0.1%, and 0.01% atropine may increase rebound by 68.4%, 58.9%, and 24.3%, respectively. Mechanistically, atropine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, is used as the primary medication for controlling myopia due to its effectiveness and affordability. In this review, we provide a concurrent view of myopia epidemiology, atropine use to control myopia, its tentative mechanism, balance of its effects as well as side effects, and its clinical application methods in hope for clinical ophthalmologists to effectively control this problematic disease worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":14031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"23 4","pages":"1431-1443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13048887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147622845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative Multi-Omics and Single-Cell Analysis Reveal THOC3 and THOC7 as Oncogenic RNA Processing Regulators in Lung Adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Sachin Kumar, Chung-Che Wu, Dahlak Daniel Solomon, Meng-Chi Yen, I-Jeng Yeh, Ching-Chung Ko, Do Thi Minh Xuan, Kai-Fu Chang, Hui-Ru Lin, Hung-Yun Lin, Chia-Lung Shih, Jian-Bin Chen, Wei-Yi Lee, Chih-Yang Wang, Yung-Kuo Lee, Ngoc Uyen Nhi Nguyen","doi":"10.7150/ijms.128975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.128975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although the transcription-export (TREX) complex plays a central role in RNA maturation and nuclear export, the clinical and biological relevance of individual THO Complex Subunit (including THOC1, THOC2, THOC3, THOC5, THOC6, and THOC7) in LUAD is not well defined. We performed integrative analyses combining bulk transcriptomics from TCGA/GTEx and independent GEO cohorts, survival modeling, DNA methylation profiling, protein-level annotation from public resources, protein-protein interaction network analysis, immune infiltration estimation (TIMER), and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to evaluate the relevance of THOC3 and THOC7 in LUAD. Across TCGA and external GEO validation datasets, THOC3 and THOC7 were consistently upregulated in LUAD and associated with poorer overall and disease-free survival, whereas other THO complex members showed weaker or inconsistent associations. Given these comparatively consistent and reproducible signals, we therefore prioritized THOC3 and THOC7 for downstream multi-layer analyses. Epigenetic profiling and interaction network analyses placed both genes within conserved RNA processing and export programs linked to genome maintenance pathways. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis provided additional resolution, demonstrating predominant enrichment of THOC3 and THOC7 in malignant epithelial clusters, with THOC3 aligning with transcriptional programs associated with DNA replication and repair, and THOC7 with proliferative and checkpoint-related states. Notably, expression of both genes was also detectable in myeloid and neutrophil subsets, and THOC7 expression remained elevated in recurrent LUAD samples, indicating association with aggressive and treatment-resistant disease states. Collectively, by integrating bulk, single-cell, epigenetic, and immune profiling across multiple independent cohorts, this study identifies THOC3 and THOC7 as reproducible molecular correlates of aggressive LUAD phenotypes. These highlight dysregulated RNA export programs as potential biomarkers of poor prognosis and motivate future functional studies to assess RNA export dependencies in LUAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"23 4","pages":"1408-1430"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13048885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147622815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key statistical recommendations for medical journals: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study Collaborators.","authors":"Michal Ordak","doi":"10.7150/ijms.119771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.119771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biostatistics is essential in personalized medicine, enabling the analysis of complex data, optimizing treatment strategies, and ensuring robust clinical trial designs for patient-specific therapies. The aim of the article was to find out the opinion of Global Burden of Disease Collaborators on the statistical recommendations that should be implemented in medical journals.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study involved 150 GBD Collaborators who authored articles between 2018 and 2023 under the research coordination of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. The analysis included 11 statistical recommendations and parameters such as the Hirsch index, number of published articles, and scientific seniority. Additionally, opinions were assessed regarding the percentage of accepted scientific manuscripts that meet statistical validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The key recommendation highlighted by the GBD collaborators is to ensure regular statistical reviews when there is uncertainty about the quality of the authors' analyses (p < 0.001). The remaining recommended guidelines primarily involve the publication of statistical recommendations (50%) and their inclusion on journal websites (53%). The GBD Collaborators, who assert that a lower percentage of accepted articles in medical journals are statistically correct, recommend that authors consult the statistical recommendations posted on journal websites before submitting an article (p = 0.03) and advocate for uniform publication guidelines across journals (p = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>More emphasis should be placed on implementing statistical recommendations in medical journals, not just publishing them.</p>","PeriodicalId":14031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"23 4","pages":"1395-1407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13048886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147622801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Anticancer Effects of Lenvatinib Combined with N-butylidenephthalide in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells.","authors":"Cheng-Chan Yu, Sung-Ying Huang, Shu-Fang Chang, Yu-Hung Kuo, Kuan-Fu Liao, Sheng-Chun Chiu","doi":"10.7150/ijms.122381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.122381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly gastrointestinal malignancies worldwide. Lenvatinib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has shown limited clinical benefit as a monotherapy for CRC. Therefore, combining lenvatinib with N-butylidenephthalide (BP), a known anticancer and adjuvant agent, has been explored to enhance therapeutic outcomes. This study investigates the effects of lenvatinib and BP, individually and in combination, on HCT15 and HCT116 CRC cell lines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were measured with PI staining and annexin V-FITC staining, respectively, analyzed by flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined using the DCFDA assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was evaluated with the JC-10 assay. Oxidative DNA damage was quantified by measuring 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels using an ELISA kit. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate γ-H2AX foci expression. Protein expression levels related to apoptosis and cell cycle regulation were analyzed by western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combination of lenvatinib and BP exhibited synergistic cytotoxicity effect, promoting apoptosis by disrupting MMP in CRC cells. Additionally, this combination increased ROS accumulation, leading to oxidative DNA damage via 8-OHdG induction. Furthermore, the combination treatment induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest by modulating the ATM-Chk2 signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that the combination of lenvatinib and BP represents a promising therapeutic strategy for CRC by enhancing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through ROS-mediated DNA damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":14031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"23 4","pages":"1356-1368"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13048889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147622992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}