International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science最新文献

{"title":"Effect of silver salt type on the physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of solid-state Ag-exchanged zeolites","authors":"Sajad Faryad,&nbsp;Mohammad Ghorbanpour,&nbsp;Majid Safajou-Jahankhanemlou","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10241","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The silver-exchanged zeolites were created using a solid-state ion exchange method with silver sulfate and silver nitrate salts. Various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, were employed to examine the structure, morphology, and physical-chemical properties of the samples. The antimicrobial effectiveness of the zeolites was tested against gram-negative <i>Escherichia coli</i> and gram-positive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, common bacteria found in wastewater. Before the silver exchange, the original zeolite exhibited small clustered particles, but after the exchange, its shape underwent significant transformation. The original clinoptilolite did not contain any silver, whereas the silver-exchanged samples AgSSE6% and AgNSE6% had silver contents of 2.29% and 3.80%, respectively. The XRD analysis confirmed the presence of Ag and AgO within the structure of the exchanged clinoptilolite. BET analysis indicated that the incorporation of Ag ions into the zeolite structure through ion exchange led to a reduction in surface area and micropores volume. The research findings revealed that zeolites exchanged with silver were more effective in inhibiting the growth of <i>S. aureus</i>, compared to <i>E. coli</i>. Additionally, zeolites treated with AgSO₄ exhibited a wider inhibition zone against both bacteria compared to zeolites treated with AgNO₃.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the sintering temperature on the electrical properties of Y–Al-doped ZnO varistors","authors":"Lei Wang,&nbsp;Hang Zhang,&nbsp;Kexin Zhang,&nbsp;Yubo Shen,&nbsp;Limin Qu,&nbsp;Yue Yin,&nbsp;Pengfei Meng,&nbsp;Jingke Guo","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10243","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;To investigate the relationship between the electrical properties of Y–Al doped ZnO varistors and sintering temperature, in this study, we measured the voltage–current characteristics and electrical performance parameters of samples sintered at &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;1100&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;∘&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$1100^circ text{C}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;–&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;1300&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;∘&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$1300^circ text{C}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that as the sintering temperature increased, the grain size grew significantly, leading to a reduction in voltage gradient. Through &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mtext&gt;--&lt;/mtext&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$Ctext{--}V$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; characteristic testing, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis, it was found that the increase in sintering temperature promoted the formation of interface negative charge and defect reactions by &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Y&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;${rm Y}^{3+}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, increasing &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$N_{text{i}}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$N_{text{d}}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Al&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;${rm Al}^{3+}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; tends to aggregate in the grain area, further increasing &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of metakaolins from Eseka and Dibamba-Cameroon as an optimization additive of CEM I Portland cement mortar","authors":"Arlin Bruno Tchamba,&nbsp;Jongie Placide Esunsen,&nbsp;Nguo Sylvestre Kanouo,&nbsp;Linda Lekuna Duna,&nbsp;Jérôme Dikwa,&nbsp;Michel Mbessa,&nbsp;Guy Molay Tchapga Gnamsi,&nbsp;Blaise Mimpouo,&nbsp;Charles Bwemba,&nbsp;George Elambo Nkeng","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10239","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study deals with two kaolins from Eseka and Dibamba-Cameroon to determine their potential suitability as additive of CEM I 42.5R and to optimize the properties of cement in the sense to promote low-carbon cement. X-ray diffractometry was used to establish the mineralogical composition of two kaolins. X-ray fluorescence was carried out to determine the chemical composition of kaolins and cement. Fine metakaolin powders obtained at 700°C were used as additive in CEM I 42.5R. Furthermore, consistency, setting time, water absorption, compressive and flexural test, and shrinkage test were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was carried out to evaluate the microstructure variation. The substitution of CEM I with metakaolin resulted in a considerable increase in compressive and flexural strength from days 7 to 28 at optimum value. The compressive and flexural strengths at 28 days at optimum value of metakaolin increase to 52% and 44%, respectively, explaining the equilibrium oxides in the cement. The maximum values of strength with 20 wt.% MK1 and 30 wt.% MK2 at 7, 14, and 28 days appear in both cases when the ratio of SiO₂/Al₂O₃ is between 2.8 and 2.9. The silica modulus and alumina modulus of cement–metakaolin improved when metakaolin was added. The properties of cement were optimized with a 52% increase in compressive strength at 28 days.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic interaction between refractory and low-carbon low-silicon Al-killed steel","authors":"Xiang Zhang,&nbsp;Tianyu Du,&nbsp;Guojun Ma,&nbsp;Yanghui Xu,&nbsp;Dingli Zheng,&nbsp;Mengke Liu","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10240","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To investigate the dynamic interaction between refining refractory and low-carbon low-silicon Al-killed steel, the “refractory-molten steel-inclusion” system was analyzed using dynamic erosion experiments and the FactSage database. This study discussed the formation of interfacial layers between various refining refractories and molten steel, as well as the transformation of nonmetallic inclusions in steel. The findings indicate that the interaction between refractories and molten steel produces a distinct interface layer. The influence of various refining refractories on inclusions varies significantly. MgO-C refractory promotes the formation of MgO·Al₂O₃ inclusions in steel, while Al₂O₃-MgO refractory leads to the formation of SiO₂-MnO-Al₂O₃ inclusions. Both Al₂O₃-SiC refractory and Al₂O₃-MgO-C refractory result in Al₂O₃ inclusions with trace levels of MgO. Steel refined with Al₂O₃-MgO-C refractory has increased MgO content within Al₂O₃ inclusions but still does not reach the stoichiometric ratio of MgO·Al₂O₃. As the initial Al content increases, the influence of MgO-C refractory inclusions becomes increasingly noticeable. The average MgO content within the inclusions rises with the reaction duration, achieving as high as 62.9%. The transition path of Al₂O₃ inclusions in molten steel follows “Al₂O₃→MgO·Al₂O₃→MgO.”</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the impact of notch shapes on oxide–oxide ceramic matrix composites strength: A computational approach","authors":"Karthikeyan Ramachandran,&nbsp;Aayushi Soni,&nbsp;Doni Daniel Jayaseelan","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10238","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study utilizes finite element analysis (FEA) to explore the effect of standardized notch shapes—triangular, circular, and rectangular on the tensile behavior of oxide–oxide (O–O) ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) across various temperature ranges. Findings reveal that unnotched samples exhibited a superior equivalent stress of ∼425 MPa, closely aligning with experimental values. However, under elevated temperatures of 1000°C and 1200°C, degradation occurs, reaching up to 54% decrease at 1200°C. Notched samples demonstrate similar behavior, with all notches acting as stress concentrators. Analysis of single and double notches highlights that circular notches have the most significant stress concentrators due to their smooth surfaces and lack of sharp edges, in contrast to rectangular and triangular notches. Although all notch types influence stress concentration, the absence of non-sharp corners in circular notches limit stress dissipation, resulting in higher stress concentrations. This trend persists under high temperature as well. The study emphasizes the critical need for a thorough assessment of notch effects, considering their position, orientation, shape, and size, as they significantly affect the mechanical properties of O–O CMCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional electroless nickel boron composite coatings incorporated by magnesium diboride ceramic particles","authors":"Ferhat Bülbül,&nbsp;Adem Kara","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10237","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the role of MgB₂ in composite coatings is pivotal. Electroless Ni–B plating, a current-free chemical reduction process, deposits nickel–boron coatings. Other than MgB₂, reinforcements like SiC, B₄C, and so forth are used with Ni–B coatings for improved properties. The research focuses on Ni–B/MgB₂ coatings on AISI 4140 steel using electroless deposition and annealing at different temperatures. Initially, the coating appears dense and amorphous, transforming into worm-like structures through crystallization with MgB₂. Higher annealing temperatures lead to brush-like, feathery, and oyster mushroom structures, forming crystalline nickel boron compounds and oxide phases due to synergy. Interestingly, the newly introduced phases disrupt friction patterns nonlinearly, which is linked to MgB₂’s ceramic nature and reinforcement quantity. Conversely, incorporating MgB₂ and annealing-induced intermetallic phases notably enhances hardness (up to 6) and improves hydrophilicity and antibacterial traits in the coating.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the sintering behaviors of ceramic oxide powders processed via binder jet additive manufacturing","authors":"Edgar Mendoza Jimenez,&nbsp;Bashu Aman,&nbsp;Olivia Ehrman,&nbsp;Jack Beuth,&nbsp;B Reeja-Jayan","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10236","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Binder jet additive manufacturing is well suited for fabricating large (order of cm) and geometrically complex ceramic preforms. However, the main challenge in producing ceramic oxide parts via binder jetting is the high-temperature postprocess tasked with eliminating internal porosity to achieve full densities. In this work, we demonstrate the ability to produce oxide ceramic parts with desirable densities by sintering binder jetted preforms. We investigate the sintering behavior of binder jetted preforms composed of three oxide powders with distinct morphologies: ball-milled alumina, gas-atomized silica, and sintered-agglomerated zirconia. We fabricate the preform samples using a commercial binder jetting system and a conventional die-pressing technique to understand the effect of starting densities. Furthermore, we parametrize the heating profiles to understand the effect of sintering temperature, sintering duration, and heating rate on each powder's densification behavior, microstructure, and phase composition. Results show the relatively low starting densities within the binder jetted preforms caused the onset sintering temperature to be higher than what is documented in conventional sintering studies. As expected, we observed sintered densities increase with respect to sintering temperature and duration. These findings were utilized to downselect sintering parameters capable of achieving high densities (&gt;96%). Herein, this study validates the sintering of binder jetted preforms as a suitable way to manufacture ceramic parts, regardless of powder morphologies, thereby increasing the robustness of the supply chain involved in additive manufacturing of ceramic oxides.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Properties of ceramic membranes obtained from kaolinitic clay mixed with palm and mango wastes from Cameroon: Application to wastewater treatment from breweries","authors":"Yacouba Mfomboum Kouotou,&nbsp;André Njoya,&nbsp;Ibrahim Cherif Mountapbeme,&nbsp;Saliou Njuhou,&nbsp;Pelagie Syapnjeu Kamgang,&nbsp;Mohamed Mouafon,&nbsp;Dayirou Njoya,&nbsp;Daniel Njopwouo","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10229","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work focuses on the development of new ceramic membranes based on mixtures of low-cost and locally available raw materials such as kaolinitic clay and additives such as palm kernel shells and mango seed shells, which are used as pore-forming agents to increase pore size, and on their efficiencies in rejecting organic and inorganic pollutants from brewery wastewater. The physical and chemical properties of raw materials were characterized via X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry, energy dispersive X-ray, and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry. Sintering was performed at 1100°C, and the permeability and mechanical properties of circular membranes were determined. The membrane filtration operation was used to assess the physicochemical parameters of the wastewater. The membrane composed of 85% kaolinite and 15% mango seed shells showed the best performance. The effective treatment of the breweries wastewater reduced the level of contamination by organic pollutants in the discharge water, with a reduction in concentration from 700 to 14 mg O₂ L^‒1 of chemical oxygen demand and 250 to 06 mg O₂ L^‒1 of biological oxygen demand for 5 days, representing elimination rates of 98% and 97.6%, respectively. The treated water is alkaline, with a reduction in pH from 10.79 to 7.77. Suspended matter, turbidity, and electrical conductivity had removal rates of 88%, 90.6%, and 99.8%, respectively. A significant reduction in the salinity of this wastewater contributed to sodium and chloride ion rejection rates of 93% and 79%, respectively, which is an important result for good reuse of the treated water in agriculture and domestic work.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Material selection and manufacturing for high-temperature heat exchangers: Review of state-of-the-art development, opportunities, and challenges","authors":"Corson L. Cramer,&nbsp;Edgar Lara-Curzio,&nbsp;Amy M. Elliott,&nbsp;Trevor G. Aguirre,&nbsp;Bola Yoon,&nbsp;Brian A. Fricke,&nbsp;Vivek Rao,&nbsp;Prashant Jain,&nbsp;Kashif Nawaz","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10230","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many energy systems demand heat transfer at high temperatures to keep up with high demand for power, so high-temperature material that can perform and last under these harsh conditions is needed for heat exchangers. The engineering requirements for these high-temperature heat exchanger material call for high thermal conductivity, high resistance to fracture, high resistance to creep deformation, environmental stability in environments associated with the application, and high modulus of elasticity while maintaining low cost to make and maintain. Naturally, ceramics are a good solution for this endeavor. In the past, high-temperature heat exchangers made from ceramics have been used. We provide examples of ceramics in relevant heat exchange applications and provide motivation where additive manufacturing (AM) can improve efficiency. AM for the relevant material is under development, and we provide insight on the AM of ceramic materials and examples of AM heat exchangers keeping cost in mind. The motivation of the review paper is to provide a framework for material and manufacturing selection for high-temperature heat exchangers for AM to keep up with the demand for better efficiency, better material, better manufacturing, and cost moving forward with AM technology in high-temperature ceramic heat exchangers.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of phosphates on phase formation in alkali-activated MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5 cements","authors":"Titus Reed,&nbsp;John C. Mauro,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Gevaudan","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10232","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ces2.10232","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The impact of phosphates on phase formation in low Ca alkali-activated materials (AAMs) is investigated using a polymer-assisted sol-gel process to fabricate MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-P₂O₅ cement precursors covering a broad range of compositions activated with sodium hydroxide. X-ray diffraction and magic angle spinning-nuclear magnetic resonance are used to examine the crystalline and amorphous phases that form over 470 days of curing (35°C, 90% relative humidity). The results confirm that Al is preferentially incorporated into hydrotalcite-like layered double hydroxides (LDH) over zeolites. Zeolites form when more Al is present than can be incorporated into the LDH. Little evidence of phosphate incorporation into aluminosilicate networks (such as zeolites or disordered aluminosilicate hydrate) was observed. The phosphates present in the precursor favor reaction with sodium to form water-soluble sodium phosphate phases. In most cases, the remainder of the phosphates become adsorbed to the surface of other phases and are not intercalated into the LDH, though at high phosphate concentrations (26.6 wt. % P₂O₅) and extended curing times (470 days), phosphates are observed to intercalate into LDH phases. These results provide preliminary evidence that phosphates are compatible with low Ca AAMs, which is consequential as there is a growing interest in both the use of AAM and phosphate-based corrosion inhibiter in steel-reinforced concrete.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141797754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}