International Journal of Chemical Kinetics最新文献

{"title":"Biogenic Synthesis of Silver and Iron Nanoparticles Derived From Grewia Optiva Leaf Extract: A Novel Approach for Antidiabetic, Anticoagulant and Anti-Inflammatory Therapies","authors":"Muhammad Salman Khan,&nbsp;Khushbakht Asad,&nbsp;Sehrish Asad,&nbsp;Aulia Kanwal,&nbsp;Abdur Rahim,&nbsp;Mina Ziarati,&nbsp;Muhammad Bilal,&nbsp;Nolubabalo Matinise,&nbsp;Farhad Badshah","doi":"10.1002/kin.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1002/kin.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents the green synthesis of silver (Ag-NPs) and iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) using aqueous leaf extract of <i>Grewia optiva</i> as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The extract was prepared using a Kjeldahl apparatus under controlled heating. Nanoparticle synthesis was optimized by varying pH, temperature, and salt concentration, and the products were characterized by Ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The biosynthesized nanoparticles were crystalline, stable, and predominantly sized between 10 and 30 nm. Biological evaluations demonstrated that both Ag-NPs and Fe-NPs exhibited significant antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant effects, with Ag-NPs showing slightly higher activity. These results highlight <i>G. optiva</i> as a sustainable source for developing therapeutic nanoparticles with biomedical potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":13894,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Kinetics","volume":"58 4","pages":"159-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/kin.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption Congo Red Dye on SnZnFeO Nanocomposite: Statistical Modeling and Interpretation","authors":"Mahesh R. Sonawane,&nbsp;Tarulata N. Chhowala,&nbsp;Kiran E. Suryawanshi,&nbsp;Umesh Fegade,&nbsp;Ren-Jang Wu,&nbsp;Tariq Altalhi","doi":"10.1002/kin.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1002/kin.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the removal of Congo red (CR) dye from aqueous solutions using synthetically prepared SnO₂/ZnO/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite (SnZnFeONPs). The structural properties of the nanocomposites were characterized using SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD techniques. The effects of key parameters, including initial CR dye concentration, pH, ultrasound duration, and adsorbent dosage, on dye removal efficiency were systematically evaluated. Under optimized conditions, an adsorption efficiency exceeding 97% was achieved. Equilibrium data fitted the Langmuir model best (<i>R</i>² = 0.996) with a <i>Q</i>_max of 344.82 mg g⁻¹, indicating monolayer adsorption of CR molecules. However, the Freundlich model (<i>R</i>² = 0.968) also suggested some degree of surface heterogeneity and possible multilayer interactions. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order (PSO) model. Computational simulations revealed that CR molecules adsorbed in a parallel orientation on the nanocomposite surface. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process is exothermic and primarily governed by physical interactions. The adsorption intensity values (n) at 25°C, 35°C, and 45°C were 0.599, 0.593, and 0.563, respectively, all less than 1, confirming favorable adsorption. Furthermore, the saturation adsorption capacity (Q_s_a_t) decreased from 438.465 mg g⁻¹ at 298 K to 34.633 mg g⁻¹ at 318 K, indicating reduced interaction at higher temperatures. These findings suggest that SnZnFeONPs exhibit excellent potential for efficient CR dye removal from industrial effluents through adsorption.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13894,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Kinetics","volume":"58 4","pages":"146-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid-Based High Entropy Electrolyte for Li-ion and Li-metal Batteries","authors":"Yang Tan,&nbsp;Yin Hu,&nbsp;Handong Li,&nbsp;Ziwen Tang,&nbsp;Shiyu Chen","doi":"10.1002/kin.70025","DOIUrl":"10.1002/kin.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lithium-ion batteries have permeated every aspect of modern production and daily life due to their outstanding performance. However, in the face of continuously rising performance demands and emerging application scenarios, existing commercial lithium-ion batteries can no longer meet current demands. As a novel battery system, lithium metal batteries demonstrate higher energy density compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries, yet still face challenges such as lithium dendrite growth, unstable SEI formation, electrolyte consumption, and high safety risks. Although strategies like electrolyte modification, artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, and current collector modification have improved the performance of Li-ion and Li metal batteries, they still struggle to balance characteristics like energy density, rate capability, cycle life, wide temperature range, and safety. In recent years, the high-entropy concept has been introduced into liquid electrolyte-based lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries, achieving preliminary progress. This mini-review focuses on the application of high-entropy effects in liquid electrolytes for lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries. In this review, we summarize methods for modulating electrolyte mixing entropy and configuration entropy. Furthermore, the structure-property relationships between entropy-driven lithium-ion solvation environments and battery performances such as high rate capability, wide voltage window, and temperature range adaptability are discussed. Through a series of characterization studies and theoretical simulations, the regulatory mechanisms are elucidated. Finally, based on existing researches, this review proposes perspectives for future studies and practical development of liquid high-entropy electrolytes, aiming to accelerate technological iteration in novel lithium-ion batteries and high-energy-density lithium metal batteries.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13894,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Kinetics","volume":"58 4","pages":"123-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13894,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Kinetics","volume":"58 6","pages":"251-261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148090517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis Characterization and In Vitro Release Kinetics of L-Serine From PVP Microparticles","authors":"Ranu Chaturvedi","doi":"10.1002/kin.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1002/kin.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Owing to the significant physical and chemical properties and the usage in numerous fields, nanoparticles/microparticles synthesis is becoming important in the present scenario. L-Serine, a non-essential amino acid, plays an effective role in regulating insulin sensitivity, is used for the treatment of skin inflammation, and is an important ingredient of beauty products specifically for skin and hair. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is widely used in food, medicine, and cosmetics, showing pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. PVP served as the polymeric matrix for the synthesis of microparticles containing L-serine and provides structural integrity and modulate release kinetics through diffusion and polymer relaxation mechanisms. With this view, in the present studies, PVP microparticles containing <span>l</span>-serine have been synthesized and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and EDS SEM data. Release data of L-serine from PVP microparticles were fitted using a zero-order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer–Peppas model and kinetic constants for each model were calculated. The theoretical zero-order rate constant is found to be 0.305 mg/min, which matches with its graphical value of 0.311 mg/min. Release kinetics of L-serine from PVP microparticles does not follow normal Higuchi's criteria for drug release up to 60% but with a polynomial of order 2 trend-line is obtained. For Korsmeyer–Peppas model, the value of <i>K</i> and <i>n</i> is found to be 1 and 0.9, respectively, with regression coefficient of 0.99. Result indicates that the system follows zero-order kinetics as well as Korsmeyer–Peppas model with <i>n</i> values of about 0.9 indicating the super-case II transport mechanism suggesting that the release is not controlled by diffusion alone; instead, polymer relaxation dominates the release process which often results in constant release rate over time. Such release profile is considered ideal for sustained release formulations, reducing side effects, and improving patient compliance. It was observed that release of <span>l</span>-serine from PVP microparticles exhibit 65% release within 120 min, which is substantial in release kinetics. On the basis of FTIR analysis, an attempt was made to propose the structure highlighting the interaction of L-serine encapsulated in PVP microparticles using free online Avogadro's software.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13894,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Kinetics","volume":"58 3","pages":"99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146136186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bionic Mineralization Method on Designing and Preparation of CS/HA and CMCS/HA Composite Coating and Its Antibacterial Properties Study","authors":"Chenyang Xu,&nbsp;Wenzhu Li,&nbsp;Linyi Zhang,&nbsp;Jiakai Xu,&nbsp;Peng Han,&nbsp;Bin Chen","doi":"10.1002/kin.70029","DOIUrl":"10.1002/kin.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poly(chitosan)/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) and carboxymethyl poly(chitosan)/hydroxyapatite (CMCS/HA) composite coatings were successfully fabricated via biomimetic mineralization, with their structural characteristics and properties systematically analyzed. As the CS concentration increased during fabrication, the growth morphology of CS/HA coating transitioned from clustered to sheet-like structures, forming dense and uniform composite coating with strong substrate adhesion and excellent biocompatibility. The CMCS/HA coatings exhibited a coral-like structure comprising spherical particles, which ensured higher substrate coverage and demonstrated superior corrosion resistance. At 20 g/L, coatings prepared by mixing pre-calcified solution A with CMCS and then adding biomimetic mineralization solution A (defined as YOCS), or by mixing pre-calcified solution A with a mixture of biomimetic mineralization solution A and CMCS (defined as FOCS), both show optimum structure. Coatings incorporating 30 g/L CS or 20 g/L CMCS in the biomimetic mineralization solution exhibited optimum corrosion resistance, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13894,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Kinetics","volume":"58 3","pages":"106-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146136188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis Characterization and In Vitro Release Kinetics of L-Serine From PVP Microparticles","authors":"Ranu Chaturvedi","doi":"10.1002/kin.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/kin.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Owing to the significant physical and chemical properties and the usage in numerous fields, nanoparticles/microparticles synthesis is becoming important in the present scenario. L-Serine, a non-essential amino acid, plays an effective role in regulating insulin sensitivity, is used for the treatment of skin inflammation, and is an important ingredient of beauty products specifically for skin and hair. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is widely used in food, medicine, and cosmetics, showing pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. PVP served as the polymeric matrix for the synthesis of microparticles containing L-serine and provides structural integrity and modulate release kinetics through diffusion and polymer relaxation mechanisms. With this view, in the present studies, PVP microparticles containing <span>l</span>-serine have been synthesized and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and EDS SEM data. Release data of L-serine from PVP microparticles were fitted using a zero-order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer–Peppas model and kinetic constants for each model were calculated. The theoretical zero-order rate constant is found to be 0.305 mg/min, which matches with its graphical value of 0.311 mg/min. Release kinetics of L-serine from PVP microparticles does not follow normal Higuchi's criteria for drug release up to 60% but with a polynomial of order 2 trend-line is obtained. For Korsmeyer–Peppas model, the value of <i>K</i> and <i>n</i> is found to be 1 and 0.9, respectively, with regression coefficient of 0.99. Result indicates that the system follows zero-order kinetics as well as Korsmeyer–Peppas model with <i>n</i> values of about 0.9 indicating the super-case II transport mechanism suggesting that the release is not controlled by diffusion alone; instead, polymer relaxation dominates the release process which often results in constant release rate over time. Such release profile is considered ideal for sustained release formulations, reducing side effects, and improving patient compliance. It was observed that release of <span>l</span>-serine from PVP microparticles exhibit 65% release within 120 min, which is substantial in release kinetics. On the basis of FTIR analysis, an attempt was made to propose the structure highlighting the interaction of L-serine encapsulated in PVP microparticles using free online Avogadro's software.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13894,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Kinetics","volume":"58 3","pages":"99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146136187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bionic Mineralization Method on Designing and Preparation of CS/HA and CMCS/HA Composite Coating and Its Antibacterial Properties Study","authors":"Chenyang Xu,&nbsp;Wenzhu Li,&nbsp;Linyi Zhang,&nbsp;Jiakai Xu,&nbsp;Peng Han,&nbsp;Bin Chen","doi":"10.1002/kin.70029","DOIUrl":"10.1002/kin.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poly(chitosan)/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) and carboxymethyl poly(chitosan)/hydroxyapatite (CMCS/HA) composite coatings were successfully fabricated via biomimetic mineralization, with their structural characteristics and properties systematically analyzed. As the CS concentration increased during fabrication, the growth morphology of CS/HA coating transitioned from clustered to sheet-like structures, forming dense and uniform composite coating with strong substrate adhesion and excellent biocompatibility. The CMCS/HA coatings exhibited a coral-like structure comprising spherical particles, which ensured higher substrate coverage and demonstrated superior corrosion resistance. At 20 g/L, coatings prepared by mixing pre-calcified solution A with CMCS and then adding biomimetic mineralization solution A (defined as YOCS), or by mixing pre-calcified solution A with a mixture of biomimetic mineralization solution A and CMCS (defined as FOCS), both show optimum structure. Coatings incorporating 30 g/L CS or 20 g/L CMCS in the biomimetic mineralization solution exhibited optimum corrosion resistance, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13894,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Kinetics","volume":"58 3","pages":"106-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146136401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Effect of g-C3N4–Based Binary Composites for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Model Organic Pollutants","authors":"Mohammad Yusuf,&nbsp;Umar Ibrahim Gaya,&nbsp;Rohana Adnan","doi":"10.1002/kin.70024","DOIUrl":"10.1002/kin.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this work, binary composites of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) with iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) and zinc oxide (ZnO), namely GF4 and GZ4, were synthesized via cost-effective and environmentally friendly methods. The composites showed enhanced specific surface area and improved charge carrier separation compared to the bare g-C₃N₄, Fe₂O₃, and ZnO. The photocatalytic activity of the binary composites was evaluated based on the degradation of model organic pollutants, methyl orange (MO) and caffeine, under UV and visible light irradiation. Under 120 min UV light irradiation, the most efficient GZ4 and GF4 composites achieved 97% degradation of MO. Meanwhile, under similar condition, the GF4 and GZ4 composites showed a much lower degradation efficiency toward caffeine, 47% and 64%, respectively. Interestingly, the binary composites exhibited a 26-fold increase in MO degradation under visible light compared to bare g-C₃N₄ due to a synergistic effect. Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis revealed 58% mineralization of caffeine under UV light, indicating the potential of these materials for effective wastewater treatment. The obtained photocatalysts displayed excellent stability and reusability, suggesting their practical use for the remediation of our environment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13894,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Kinetics","volume":"58 3","pages":"86-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixing Laws and Chemical Reaction Mechanisms for Predicting the LBV of CH4/CSC Gases Premixed Flame","authors":"Yu Liu,&nbsp;Mengmeng Luo,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Chen,&nbsp;Wen Zeng,&nbsp;Fuchao Tian,&nbsp;Yuntao Liang","doi":"10.1002/kin.70023","DOIUrl":"10.1002/kin.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) process releases a large number of combustible gases, which bring threat to the combustion and explosion of mine methane (CH₄). Under the action of CSC, the combustion characteristics of CH₄ will undergo significant changes. In the current work, the laminar burning velocity (LBV) of CH₄/CSC gases mixed flame was obtained in a constant volume chamber (CVC) under an initial pressure of 0.1 MPa and an initial temperature of 300 K over a wide equivalence ratio range of 0.7–1.3 with three kinds of CSC gases mixing ratios. The effects of CSC gases addition on the LBV of CH₄ were analyzed first. And then, four kinds of mixing laws were used to predict the LBV of CH₄/CSC gases mixed flame. In addition, six kinds of detailed reaction mechanisms were used to calculate the LBV of CH₄/CSC gases mixed flame. Results show that the mixing of all kinds of CSC gases increases the LBV of CH₄, and <i>T</i> mixing law is more suitable for predicting the LBV of CH₄ mixed with CSC gases in the second stage, while the modified and simplified USC 2.0 mechanism can predict the LBV of CH₄ mixed with CSC gases well in all three stages.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13894,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Kinetics","volume":"58 3","pages":"71-85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146136639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}