International Forestry Review最新文献

{"title":"Identifying and Prioritising Traditional Knowledge-Related strategies within Turkish Forest Policy: The Perspective of Forest Managers","authors":"S. Y. Erol, Y. Topcu, G. Şahin","doi":"10.1505/146554823837244464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823837244464","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS The new strategies to be developed related to traditional forest-related knowledge can be easily adapted to classical forest policy approaches because they are directly tied to the main objectives of forestry policy. Social strategies for traditional knowledge (TK) are the most prioritised; thus, it would be appropriate to give priority to strategies with social content. As strategies for organisational issues are also significant for strengthening TK-related issues, the strategy-making process should consider both organisational issues and legislation-policy-related strategies. Although the priority of legislation-policy-related strategies is lower, the scores they received indicate a complementary role for these strategies. In general, TK-related issues require a holistic perspective in forestry. SUMMARY Forests are an essential part of the lifestyle and income of forest villagers in Türkiye. This interaction between forests and rural society offers considerable potential for the generation of traditional knowledge (TK). However, most of this knowledge is in danger of extinction. This study pursued qualitative and quantitative research methods: a SWOT analysis was created by utilising the related components of current national forest policy documents and sought to create basic strategies which were then prioritised using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) rating approach. The findings showed that TK is tied directly to the main objectives of forestry policy. Social strategies were viewed as the highest priority, emphasising the improvement of local living standards and increasing local awareness and loyalty to their regions. These strategies were followed by organisational and legislation-policy-related issues. However, the close scores of the strategies proved that all are interdependent and have relations with each other, and a holistic approach is required. Les forêts sont une part essentielle des revenus des villageois forestiers en Turquie. Cette interaction entre les forêts et la société rurale offre un potentiel considérable pour la génération de la connaissance traditionnelle (TK). Cependant, le gros de cette connaissance est en danger d'extinction. Cette étude a poursuivi des méthodes de recherche qualitatives et quantitatives: une analyse SWOT a été créée en utilisant les passages appropriés des documents de politique nationale forestière et en cherchant à créer des stratégies de base, lesquelles furent ensuite priorisées en utilisant le Processus d'analyse hiérarchique (AHP) pour les évaluer. Les résultats montrent que la TK est directement liée aux objectifs principaux de la politique forestière. Les stratégies sociales étaient perçues comme la priorité absolue, en mettant l'accent sur l'amélioration du niveau de vie local et en essayant d'accroître la conscience locale et la loyauté des peuples à leur région. Ces stratégies étaient suivies de questions organisationnelles, légales et politiques. Au final, les scores trè","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"264 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45370038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a Typology of Forest-Managing Organisations Around the Globe","authors":"M. Jenke, K. S. Hintz, M. Starfinger, L. Giessen","doi":"10.1505/146554823837244419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823837244419","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS The study of organisations in the forest sector is hampered by the lack of a coherent naming convention. Forest-managing organisations were classified according to their position within or at the intersection of the public, market, household, and social economy sector. Partnerships between types of forest-managing organisations frequently centre around public forest agencies. According to this typology, it was hypothesized that organisational characteristics determine the appropriateness of certain forest management systems. The proposed typology can serve as a starting point for better understanding the diversity of forest-managing organisations. SUMMARY The global diversity of forest-managing organisations (FMOs) could, so far, not be captured in a comprehensive framework or terminology leaving the research field fragmented. A typology of FMOs was developed using dimensions drawn from social economy theory to provide a unifying framework and coherent terminology. FMO types were described according to, (1) the formality of their land ownership and labour relations, (2) their objectives in managing forests, (3) their institutional characteristics, and (4) their participation in the social economy sector. The characteristics and forest management of each FMO type were reviewed. Additionally, public-private and private-sector partnerships between FMOs were classified. This multidimensional framework enables greater precision in the description and comparison of FMOs and their partnerships. Research hypotheses were elaborated to encourage future studies on how the characteristics of FMOs could affect the technical and silvicultural aspects of their forest management. La diversité globale des organisations de gestion forestières (FMOs) ne pourrait pas, au jour d'aujourd'hui, être capturée dans un cadre ou une terminologie complets, ce qui laisse le terrain de recherche fragmenté. Une typologie des FMOs a été développée en utilisant des dimensions tirées de la théorie d'économie sociale pour fournir un cadre unifiant et une terminologie cohérente. Les types de FMO étaient décrits suivant (1) la qualité formelle de leur propriété foncière et de leurs relations au travail, (2) leurs objectifs dans la gestion des forêts, (3) leurs caractéristiques institutionnelles, et (4) leur participation dans le secteur socio-économique. Les caractéristiques de la gestion forestière de chaque type de FMO ont fait l'objet d'études. De plus, les partenariats public-privé et du secteur privé entre les FMOs ont été classifiés. Ce cadre multidimensionnel permet une plus grande précision dans la description et la comparaison des FMOs et de leurs partenariats. Des hypothèses de recherche ont été élaborées pour encourager de futures études sur la manière dont les caractéristiques des FMOs pourrait affecter les aspects techniques et sylvicoles de leur gestion forestière. La diversidad global de las organizaciones de gestión forestal (OGF) no se ha podido recoger ha","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"190 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43822396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Obligations in the Logging Sector in Cameroon, Ghana, Liberia and Republic of Congo","authors":"D. Young, T. Nkuintchua","doi":"10.1505/146554823836902581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823836902581","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Obligations of logging companies to share revenue and make contributions in kind to affected communities are a legal requirement in all four countries studied. They are commonly referred to as benefit sharing or social agreements, diminishing their legal basis, hence the preferred term – social obligations. Legal frameworks on social obligations are complex, incomplete and precarious, leading to communities and the State not reaping the benefits they are owed by law. Their complexity renders social obligation systems open to abuse at many levels. Their intent might be to decentralise power but this often allows local elites to stand in the way of community members and capture most benefits. While comparison between countries is difficult, best practices identified on specific aspects in all countries are evidence that improvements are possible. SUMMARY This paper offers a critical review of the social obligations (revenue redistribution, direct payments, payments in kind, and access to justice or compensation) of logging concessionaires to affected communities in Cameroon, Ghana, Liberia and Republic of Congo. The research draws on a full desk-review of relevant legal texts, and consultation with leading non-governmental organisations working in the forest sector in the four countries. It appears that the legal foundation of social obligations is mainly shaped by national context, and therefore important differences can be observed across countries. However, they are complex, incomplete and precarious, providing opportunities for elite capture, and communities – and the State – not reaping the benefits they are owed by law. A key conclusion is that legality-licensing schemes such as under a Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) with the European Union (EU) tend to downplay social obligations compared to other aspects of legal compliance. Cet article propose un examen critique des obligations sociales (redistribution des revenus, paiements directs, paiements en nature, et accès à la justice ou à la compensation) des concessionnaires forestiers vis-à-vis des communautés affectées au Cameroun, en République du Congo, au Ghana et au Liberia. La recherche s'appuie sur une revue complète des textes juridiques pertinents et sur la consultation des principales organisations non gouvernementales travaillant dans le secteur forestier dans les quatre pays. Il apparaît que le fondement juridique des obligations sociales est principalement façonné par le contexte national, et que des différences importantes peuvent donc être observées entre les pays. Cependant, les obligations sociales sont complexes, incomplètes et précaires, offrant des possibilités de captation par les élites, ainsi, les communautés – et l'État – ne récoltent pas les bénéfices qui leur sont dus par la loi. L'une des principales conclusions est que les systèmes de licence de légalité, comme dans le cadre d'un accord de partenariat volontaire (APV) avec l'Union européenne (UE), on","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"28 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46504043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Logging and Indigenous Peoples' Well-Being: An Overview of the Relevant International Human Rights Jurisprudence","authors":"L. Mei","doi":"10.1505/146554823836902608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823836902608","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Logging activities that occur in Indigenous peoples' traditional territories can have significant and wide-ranging effects on Indigenous peoples' rights, including well-being, cultural, land and participation rights. Preventing impacts on Indigenous peoples' well-being requires respect for Indigenous peoples' right to their lands and resources in the first instance. International human rights jurisprudence recognizes that respect for participation rights is an important safeguard to ensure protection of other rights of Indigenous peoples. Respect for Indigenous peoples' participation rights entails undertaking the following before commencing activities such as logging in Indigenous peoples' lands: conducting environmental and social impact assessments; engaging in consultations with the affected Indigenous peoples with the aim of obtaining Free, Prior, and Informed Consent; and agreeing on benefit sharing, compensation, prevention and mitigation measures. Although these requirements are well-established under international human rights law, many States have yet to comply with their treaty obligations, and in practice there is both limited incorporation of protections for Indigenous peoples' rights into national legislation and improper implementation of these requirements by States and non-State actors. SUMMARY Logging activities worldwide occur on lands that are already inhabited and used by Indigenous peoples and other local communities and often cause negative impacts on those communities. International human rights law provides one framework within which to understand these impacts. In particular, a discrete body of rights within international human rights law pertain to Indigenous peoples. Encroachments on Indigenous lands, such as through logging or other forestry operations, often run up against the full spectrum of Indigenous peoples' rights, all of which are interdependent and interconnected. Numerous human rights bodies, including the United Nations treaty bodies and regional human rights courts, have addressed Indigenous rights in the context of logging and other extractive activities. This article reviews existing jurisprudence elaborating the scope of these rights and explains how respect for land and participation rights can help prevent impacts on other rights. International human rights jurisprudence outlines three steps as core components of Indigenous peoples' participation rights and as safeguards to protect other rights: conduct environmental and social impact assessments; engage in consultations with the affected Indigenous peoples with the aim of obtaining free, prior, and informed consent; and agree on benefit sharing, compensation, prevention, and mitigation measures with the affected Indigenous peoples. However, these requirements, and respect for Indigenous peoples' rights more broadly, remain to be effectively implemented and observed in practice. L'exploitation du bois s'effectue à travers le monde sur des t","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"17 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48034911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Our Happy Hour Became a Hungry Hour’: Logging, Subsistence and Social Relations in Solomon Islands","authors":"T. Minter, J. van der Ploeg","doi":"10.1505/146554823836902590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823836902590","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Rural people's voices are rarely heard in forest policy and science. In Solomon Islands, logging rents remain with foreign companies and political elites, and hardly trickle down to rural communities. Local benefits of logging are minimal and ephemeral, whereas the environmental and social costs are significant and long-lasting. Addressing the negative impacts of logging on subsistence livelihoods and social relations needs to be prioritized in forestry policy. Particular attention is needed for the harmful impacts on women. SUMMARY Solomon Islands has relied on highly unsustainable industrial logging since the 1980s. While the development narrative around logging emphasizes its macro-economic importance, it structurally overlooks the impacts on local people's lives. Based on 200 qualitative interviews conducted in 25 villages and 14 logging operations in Malaita Province between 2016 and 2019, this paper demonstrates that the impacts of logging on subsistence and social relations are systemic rather than incidental. By making use of interview quotes, the paper gives voice to rural Solomon Islanders. The results show that the logging industry fails to generate lasting local benefits, while unsustainable logging practices undermine subsistence livelihoods, especially fisheries. Logging triggers conflict that long outlasts the operations themselves, causes sexual exploitation, facilitates excessive alcohol use and reinforces gender disparities by structurally excluding women from decision-making and benefit-sharing. This paper calls for a stronger focus on the social impacts of logging in forestry science, policy and practice. Les Îles Salomon sont devenues dépendantes d'une coupe de bois absolument non-durable depuis les années 80. Alors que la narration du développement portant sur la coupe de bois souligne son importance macro-économique; elle ignore structurellement les impacts de celle-ci sur la vie des populations locales. Ce papier se base sur 200 interviews qualitatives menées dans 25 villages et 14 opérations de coupe de bois dans la province du Malaita, entre 2016 et 2019, et démontre que les impacts de la coupe du bois sur la subsistance et les relations sociales sont systémiques, plutôt qu'accidentels. En faisant usage de citations provenant des interviews, le papier donne voix aux habitants ruraux des Îles Salomon. Les résultats montrent que l'industrie de coupe du bois échoue dans le domaine d'une création de bénéfices locaux durables, alors que les pratiques de coupe non-durables sapent les revenus de subsistance, particulièrement ceux de la pêche. La coupe enflamme un conflit qui perdure bien au-delà des opérations mêmes, causant une exploitation sexuelle, facilitant la consommation excessive d'alcool et renforçant la disparité entre les sexes, en excluant les femmes des prises de décision et du partage des bénéfices. Ce papier réclame qu'une concentration plus forte soit portée dans la science de foresterie, la politique","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"113 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46780450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Informal Sawn Wood Value Chains in Uganda: Structure and Actors","authors":"R. Kambugu, Abwoli Y. Banana, P. Byakagaba, C. Bosse, M. Ihalainen, C. Mukasa, G. Schoneveld, A. Zziwa, P. Cerutti","doi":"10.1505/146554823836902635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823836902635","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS There is increased forestry sector informality in Uganda as small-scale operations expand. The shift from natural to planted forests as the primary wood source has led to sector fragmentation. Small volumes from predominantly individual players aggregate to an estimated production of up to 476,000 m3 of sawn wood annually. Current regulations facilitate informality, being administratively burdensome for formal small-scale operations. Policies have succeeded in increasing planted forests but not yet in fostering effective and efficient utilization of the tree resources. SUMMARY With increasing scarcity and spatial dispersion of tree resources, Uganda's forest sector – similarly to several other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa – has experienced a shift from the large-scale concessionary model historically used to access and harvest forests, to more versatile models involving smaller-scale operators. The timber they produce is sold not only locally in producer countries but also across borders and beyond. Yet small-scale operators largely work outside established regulatory frameworks and as such remain invisible to national and international production and trade statistics, rendering these players voiceless during policy-reform processes. Uganda is no exception, and little is known about the nature of people involved in various small-scale forestry activities, the constraints they face in day-to-day operations, and the dynamics that influence these aspects. Through 452 interviews, of a random sample of actors engaged directly in the sawn wood value chain, conducted between 2016 and 2019, this paper describes sawn wood flows from production areas to markets in Uganda. It assesses the socioeconomic characteristics of operators and the organisation of activities. Findings indicate that the majority of actors in the informal sawn wood value chain are adult males, belonging to a limited number of ethnic groups, exogenous to logging areas and generally deriving their income from the timber business. The sawn wood value chain shows a high degree of fragmentation, with low levels of organisation and lack of vertical and horizontal integration. We conservatively estimate the total volumes sold annually between 386,000 and 467,000 cubic meters of sawn wood. With the expected progressive shift from natural forests to plantations as the primary source of wood, it is key for the Government of Uganda to embrace a paradigm shift on the current policy framework, to ensure that it facilitates rather than constrains the sawn wood value chain, since most of the timber will be sourced from privately owned forests instead of State-owned forests. If most legal provisions remain based on the latter, it is likely that legality will remain the exception rather than the norm. Avec la raréfaction et la dispersion spatiale des ressources forestières, le secteur forestier ougandais – à l'instar de plusieurs autres pays d'Afrique subsaharienne – est passé du modèle c","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"61 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45202361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full Issue","authors":"","doi":"10.1505/146554823837468475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823837468475","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135771333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Call for a Wider Perspective on Sustainable Forestry: Introduction to the Special issue on the Social Impacts of Logging","authors":"T. Minter, D. Naito, T. Sunderland","doi":"10.1505/146554823836902644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823836902644","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS The social impacts of logging in tropical forests are overwhelmingly negative and affect local and Indigenous people's livelihoods, their relationships with the forest and with each other. These impacts need to feature much more prominently in sustainable forest management policy, practice and assessment. This requires awareness of the broad and long-term nature of social impacts, which reach far beyond labour relations and the workplace, and far into the future. The gender inequities embedded in and reinforced by the logging sector require specific attention. Future empirical research must focus on the equitability of the design, workings and outcomes of social impact assessments, FPIC procedures, social auditing, benefit sharing and grievance mechanisms, particularly in certified logging operations. SUMMARY Global demand for timber is projected to grow and much of this timber will continue to be sourced from natural forests. As these forests, particularly in the tropics, tend to be inhabited by the world's most marginalized communities, the social impacts of logging require more attention within policy, practice and research. This Introduction to the Special Issue of International Forestry Review on The Social Impacts of Logging compiles evidence that the overwhelmingly negative social impacts of logging are systemic. As logging companies fail to fulfill their social obligations, and elite capture is common, the extent to which local communities benefit from logging operations is minimal, while long-term, harmful effects on livelihoods, social fabric and safety are severe. Logging operations reinforce and often exacerbate pre-existing inequities, particularly for women and Indigenous people. Weak governance, a lack of transparency and poor participation procedures partially explain this unfavourable situation. However, logging will only achieve better social outcomes if underlying power-imbalances are tackled. Il est projeté que la demande globale pour le bois d'ouvrage continue de croître, et le gros du bois va continuer à être obtenu dans les forêts naturelles. Comme ces forêts ont tendance à être habitées par certaines des communautés les plus marginalisés au monde, dans les tropiques en particulier, les impacts sociaux de l'exploitation du bois requièrent une attention plus grande, du point de vue des politiques, des pratiques et de la recherche. Cette Introduction au numéro spécial de l'International Forestry Review sur les impacts sociaux de l'exploitation du bois, rassemble les preuves que les impacts largement négatifs des opérations d'exploitation du bois sont systémiques. Alors que les compagnies d'exploitation du bois ne remplissent pas leurs obligations sociales, et que l'obtention par les élites est répandue, l'envergure des bénéfices récoltés par les communautés lors de l'exploitation du bois sont minimaux, alors que les effets négatifs à long-terme sur les revenus, la fabrique sociale et la sécurité sont sévères. Les e","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41596708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six Years of Industrial Logging in Ngoyla (East-Cameroon): What Have Been the Outcomes for Local Populations?","authors":"L. Defo","doi":"10.1505/146554823836902653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823836902653","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS The industrial exploitation of Cameroon's forests was until the late 2000s, credited with little positive impacts on the communities living near logging concessions. From this period, factors likely to create an enabling environment more conducive to local development emerged. Immigration linked to logging has led to increased pressure on infrastructure, equipment, and human resource in basic social areas (health and education). However, the positive impacts of this activity on these areas are insignificant. Through the installation of a new ferry on the Dja river, the improvement of physical accessibility to Ngoyla, immigration linked to job opportunities and salaries paid to employees, industrial logging has boosted significantly the economy of this subdivision. The situation of Baka Indigenous people in general deserves special attention in relation to negative impacts. The Baka received very few positive spinoffs while more than other social components, they suffered from the degradation of forest resources caused by logging. After six years of logging in Ngoyla, the results in terms of positive socio-economic impacts at the local level are globally below expectations. While it could be argued that financial capital has increased in the subdivision, notable negative impacts were experienced in the natural, human, and social capitals. One of the significant reasons for poor outcomes of industrial logging is the gap between the regulations and the commitments on the one hand and what is practiced on the ground on the other. Forest populations generally have an ambivalent attitude towards industrial logging. They are divided between, on the one hand, the advantages that logging provides, such as improving accessibility and jobs, and, on the other hand, the disadvantages linked to this activity as well as the disappointments in relation to their expectations in terms of support for education, health and rural water supply. SUMMARY The industrial exploitation of Cameroon's forests was, until the late 2000s, credited with little positive impacts on the communities living near logging concessions. In order to evaluate the outcomes of logging for local populations and to inform the sustainable management of Ngoyla-Mintom forest block, socio-economic data was collected from 2011 to 2018. Data from guided interviews, observations and questionnaires reveal that local populations have seen improvements in their living conditions, particularly in terms of formal employment, better housing and increased mobility. The main adverse effects observed were a reduction of some forest resources, an increase in certain diseases, and increased violations of the rights of Indigenous People. Despite identified favorable factors, the positive impacts from industrial logging in Ngoyla are below expectations. Jusque vers la fin des années 2000, l'exploitation industrielle des forêts camerounaises n'a eu que peu d'impacts positifs sur les communautés vivant à ","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"91 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42070176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges to Smallholder Forestry Policy Reform on a Postindustrial Logging Frontier: Lessons from the Amazon Estuary","authors":"M. Cromberg, P. Cronkleton, M. Menton, R. Sears","doi":"10.1505/146554823836902617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823836902617","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Effective forest policy reform in Amapá, Brazil has been impeded by bureaucratic inertia and failure to adapt norms to local realities and livelihood dynamics. Small-scale timber production and processing in the Amapá estuary remains informal despite State attempts to provide an accessible pathway to formalization. Smallholder timber production in the Amapá estuary has declined due to shifting emphasis on açaí production, reduced resource availability, difficulties formalizing forestry operations, and increased rules enforcement by environmental agencies. Timber is still an important livelihood for many families and mill owners that supply timber to local communities. Relaxed management guidelines for fast-growing timber species on the floodplain ultimately did not address the needs of smallholders. SUMMARY In 2013, policy makers from the Brazilian State of Amapá launched regulatory reforms intended to streamline options to formalize smallholder forest management. This paper reviews that policy reform process and analyses observations from local stakeholders to identify lessons for the promotion of smallholder forestry. In 2014, 2017 and 2021, interviews were conducted with family timber producers and sawmill operators in floodplain communities and regional timber buyers to evaluate the impact of the policy reform on their operations. Interviews with policy makers sought to understand the rationale behind the reform and how the process played out. Although the reform efforts were well intentioned, results illustrate how bureaucratic inertia and complexity obstructed efforts to simplify policy and how policy did not address smallholder needs. While the reforms did not have the intended effect, the case offers lessons for future policy reform efforts. En 2013, les créateurs de politique de l'état brésilien de l'Amapá ont lancé des réformes de régulation, visant à encadrer les options pour formaliser la gestion forestière des petites exploitations. Ce papier examine le processus de réformation de cette politique et analyse les observations des partie prenantes locales pour identifier les leçons pouvant être glanées dans la promotion de la foresterie des petites exploitations. En 2014, 2017 et 2021, des interviews ont été conduites auprès des familles des producteurs de bois et des opérateurs de scieries dans les communautés des plaines inondables, ainsi qu'auprès des acheteurs de bois régionaux, pour évaluer l'impact de la réforme politique sur leurs opérations. Des interviews de créateurs de politique ont cherché à comprendre le raisonnement sous-tendant la réforme et la manière dont le processus s'est opéré. Bien que les efforts de réforme aient été bien intentionnés, les résultats illustrent que les efforts vers une simplification de la politique ont été contrés par une inertie et une complexité bureaucratique, et que la politique ne répondait pas aux besoins de petits exploitants. Alors que les réformes n'ont pas connu l'effet attendu","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"75 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45290543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}