International Forestry Review最新文献

{"title":"Full Issue","authors":"","doi":"10.1505/146554823837468475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823837468475","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135771333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Call for a Wider Perspective on Sustainable Forestry: Introduction to the Special issue on the Social Impacts of Logging","authors":"T. Minter, D. Naito, T. Sunderland","doi":"10.1505/146554823836902644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823836902644","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS The social impacts of logging in tropical forests are overwhelmingly negative and affect local and Indigenous people's livelihoods, their relationships with the forest and with each other. These impacts need to feature much more prominently in sustainable forest management policy, practice and assessment. This requires awareness of the broad and long-term nature of social impacts, which reach far beyond labour relations and the workplace, and far into the future. The gender inequities embedded in and reinforced by the logging sector require specific attention. Future empirical research must focus on the equitability of the design, workings and outcomes of social impact assessments, FPIC procedures, social auditing, benefit sharing and grievance mechanisms, particularly in certified logging operations. SUMMARY Global demand for timber is projected to grow and much of this timber will continue to be sourced from natural forests. As these forests, particularly in the tropics, tend to be inhabited by the world's most marginalized communities, the social impacts of logging require more attention within policy, practice and research. This Introduction to the Special Issue of International Forestry Review on The Social Impacts of Logging compiles evidence that the overwhelmingly negative social impacts of logging are systemic. As logging companies fail to fulfill their social obligations, and elite capture is common, the extent to which local communities benefit from logging operations is minimal, while long-term, harmful effects on livelihoods, social fabric and safety are severe. Logging operations reinforce and often exacerbate pre-existing inequities, particularly for women and Indigenous people. Weak governance, a lack of transparency and poor participation procedures partially explain this unfavourable situation. However, logging will only achieve better social outcomes if underlying power-imbalances are tackled. Il est projeté que la demande globale pour le bois d'ouvrage continue de croître, et le gros du bois va continuer à être obtenu dans les forêts naturelles. Comme ces forêts ont tendance à être habitées par certaines des communautés les plus marginalisés au monde, dans les tropiques en particulier, les impacts sociaux de l'exploitation du bois requièrent une attention plus grande, du point de vue des politiques, des pratiques et de la recherche. Cette Introduction au numéro spécial de l'International Forestry Review sur les impacts sociaux de l'exploitation du bois, rassemble les preuves que les impacts largement négatifs des opérations d'exploitation du bois sont systémiques. Alors que les compagnies d'exploitation du bois ne remplissent pas leurs obligations sociales, et que l'obtention par les élites est répandue, l'envergure des bénéfices récoltés par les communautés lors de l'exploitation du bois sont minimaux, alors que les effets négatifs à long-terme sur les revenus, la fabrique sociale et la sécurité sont sévères. Les e","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41596708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six Years of Industrial Logging in Ngoyla (East-Cameroon): What Have Been the Outcomes for Local Populations?","authors":"L. Defo","doi":"10.1505/146554823836902653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823836902653","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS The industrial exploitation of Cameroon's forests was until the late 2000s, credited with little positive impacts on the communities living near logging concessions. From this period, factors likely to create an enabling environment more conducive to local development emerged. Immigration linked to logging has led to increased pressure on infrastructure, equipment, and human resource in basic social areas (health and education). However, the positive impacts of this activity on these areas are insignificant. Through the installation of a new ferry on the Dja river, the improvement of physical accessibility to Ngoyla, immigration linked to job opportunities and salaries paid to employees, industrial logging has boosted significantly the economy of this subdivision. The situation of Baka Indigenous people in general deserves special attention in relation to negative impacts. The Baka received very few positive spinoffs while more than other social components, they suffered from the degradation of forest resources caused by logging. After six years of logging in Ngoyla, the results in terms of positive socio-economic impacts at the local level are globally below expectations. While it could be argued that financial capital has increased in the subdivision, notable negative impacts were experienced in the natural, human, and social capitals. One of the significant reasons for poor outcomes of industrial logging is the gap between the regulations and the commitments on the one hand and what is practiced on the ground on the other. Forest populations generally have an ambivalent attitude towards industrial logging. They are divided between, on the one hand, the advantages that logging provides, such as improving accessibility and jobs, and, on the other hand, the disadvantages linked to this activity as well as the disappointments in relation to their expectations in terms of support for education, health and rural water supply. SUMMARY The industrial exploitation of Cameroon's forests was, until the late 2000s, credited with little positive impacts on the communities living near logging concessions. In order to evaluate the outcomes of logging for local populations and to inform the sustainable management of Ngoyla-Mintom forest block, socio-economic data was collected from 2011 to 2018. Data from guided interviews, observations and questionnaires reveal that local populations have seen improvements in their living conditions, particularly in terms of formal employment, better housing and increased mobility. The main adverse effects observed were a reduction of some forest resources, an increase in certain diseases, and increased violations of the rights of Indigenous People. Despite identified favorable factors, the positive impacts from industrial logging in Ngoyla are below expectations. Jusque vers la fin des années 2000, l'exploitation industrielle des forêts camerounaises n'a eu que peu d'impacts positifs sur les communautés vivant à ","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"91 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42070176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges to Smallholder Forestry Policy Reform on a Postindustrial Logging Frontier: Lessons from the Amazon Estuary","authors":"M. Cromberg, P. Cronkleton, M. Menton, R. Sears","doi":"10.1505/146554823836902617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823836902617","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Effective forest policy reform in Amapá, Brazil has been impeded by bureaucratic inertia and failure to adapt norms to local realities and livelihood dynamics. Small-scale timber production and processing in the Amapá estuary remains informal despite State attempts to provide an accessible pathway to formalization. Smallholder timber production in the Amapá estuary has declined due to shifting emphasis on açaí production, reduced resource availability, difficulties formalizing forestry operations, and increased rules enforcement by environmental agencies. Timber is still an important livelihood for many families and mill owners that supply timber to local communities. Relaxed management guidelines for fast-growing timber species on the floodplain ultimately did not address the needs of smallholders. SUMMARY In 2013, policy makers from the Brazilian State of Amapá launched regulatory reforms intended to streamline options to formalize smallholder forest management. This paper reviews that policy reform process and analyses observations from local stakeholders to identify lessons for the promotion of smallholder forestry. In 2014, 2017 and 2021, interviews were conducted with family timber producers and sawmill operators in floodplain communities and regional timber buyers to evaluate the impact of the policy reform on their operations. Interviews with policy makers sought to understand the rationale behind the reform and how the process played out. Although the reform efforts were well intentioned, results illustrate how bureaucratic inertia and complexity obstructed efforts to simplify policy and how policy did not address smallholder needs. While the reforms did not have the intended effect, the case offers lessons for future policy reform efforts. En 2013, les créateurs de politique de l'état brésilien de l'Amapá ont lancé des réformes de régulation, visant à encadrer les options pour formaliser la gestion forestière des petites exploitations. Ce papier examine le processus de réformation de cette politique et analyse les observations des partie prenantes locales pour identifier les leçons pouvant être glanées dans la promotion de la foresterie des petites exploitations. En 2014, 2017 et 2021, des interviews ont été conduites auprès des familles des producteurs de bois et des opérateurs de scieries dans les communautés des plaines inondables, ainsi qu'auprès des acheteurs de bois régionaux, pour évaluer l'impact de la réforme politique sur leurs opérations. Des interviews de créateurs de politique ont cherché à comprendre le raisonnement sous-tendant la réforme et la manière dont le processus s'est opéré. Bien que les efforts de réforme aient été bien intentionnés, les résultats illustrent que les efforts vers une simplification de la politique ont été contrés par une inertie et une complexité bureaucratique, et que la politique ne répondait pas aux besoins de petits exploitants. Alors que les réformes n'ont pas connu l'effet attendu","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"75 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45290543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing Lifestyles in Converted Forests: The Impact of Logging Operations on the Orang Rimba, Jambi, Indonesia","authors":"G. Persoon, E. Wardani","doi":"10.1505/146554823836902572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823836902572","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS The social impact of logging operations can only be understood as the cumulative effect of a long range of interconnected land use changes. The Orang Rimba, the original forest dwellers of Central Sumatra, have been heavily influenced by extensive logging operations over the past few decades. Contrary to early predictions, they have survived mainly by adapting to the changing conditions but also by avoiding complete assimilation. Governmental efforts to bring the Orang Rimba into the national socio-economic mainstream have had limited success. The international discourse on Indigenous peoples has to a limited extent trickled down in Indonesia with some positive effects on the forest dwelling communities. SUMMARY The landscape of Central Sumatra has changed rapidly over the past few decades. Industrial logging and the subsequent conversion of the lowland rainforests into oil palm and rubber plantations, the establishment of transmigration sites and the ever-expanding road network have forced the forest dwelling communities of the Orang Rimba to adapt their traditional modes of subsistence. Traditional hunting, fishing and gathering simply did not yield enough food and forest products for exchange purposes anymore. In this contribution an overview will be given of the impact of large-scale logging and the processes of forest conversion that have taken place in the wake of the logging operations. The article covers a period of about four decades in which fieldwork by both authors has taken place at various periods. It will show the various ways the Orang Rimba have reacted to the challenges and the opportunities that emerged as a result of these operations. Au cours des dernières décennies, le paysage du Sumatra central a connu un changement rapide. L'exploitation forestière industrielle et la conversion subséquente des forêts pluviales de plaine en plantations de palmiers à huile et de caoutchouc, l'installation de sites de transmigration et l'expansion continue du réseau routier ont contraint les communautés des Orang Rimba, vivant au sein des forêts, à adapter leurs modes de subsistance traditionnels. La chasse, la pêche et la cueillette traditionnelles ne produisaient plus assez de nourriture et de produits forestiers pour les échanges. Le présent article donne un aperçu de l'impact de l'exploitation forestière à grande échelle et des processus de conversion de la forêt qui ont eu lieu dans le sillage des opérations d'exploitation. L'article couvre une période d'environ quatre décennies au cours de laquelle le travail de terrain a eu lieu à différentes périodes. Sont abordées les multiples façons dont les Orang Rimba ont réagi aux défis et aux opportunités qui ont émergé à la suite de ces opérations. El paisaje de Sumatra Central ha cambiado rápidamente en las últimas décadas. La tala industrial y la posterior conversión de los bosques tropicales de tierras bajas en plantaciones de palma de aceite y caucho, el establecimiento de focos","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"136 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46205160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiscal Incentives for Improved Forest Management and Deforestation-Free Agricultural Commodities in Central and West Africa","authors":"A. Karsenty, S. Salau","doi":"10.1505/146554823836838691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823836838691","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Taxation has not commonly been used as a direct incentive instrument for reducing deforestation and forest degradation. Inclusion of zero-deforestation criteria in several forestry and agricultural certification schemes creates new opportunities. Feebates (bonus-malus) mechanisms can be designed to promote production of certified timber or agricultural commodities not involved in deforestation. Such a mechanism is budget neutral and therefore more acceptable to ministries of finance. Since the objective of the feebates mechanism is to encourage certified products, levels of malus and bonuses must be revised over the years to maintain the budget neutrality condition. SUMMARY Until recently, little or no use was made of fiscal instruments for forest protection in developing countries. The rise of independent third-party certification systems since the 1990s opens new perspectives for using taxation as an incentive. In the forestry sector, certification has developed significantly in Central Africa but reached a plateau in the last ten years, apparently due to the reorientation of timber export flows towards Asian markets that do not demand certified products. Fiscal incentives, through tax cuts for responsible producers, could compensate for the absence of price premiums but would diminish public revenues. The principle of the “bonus-malus” (feebates) seems promising to the extent that it does not reduce government budgetary revenues (budget neutrality). Bonus-malus schemes can also promote certified “zero deforestation” or “grown in agroforestry” agricultural production, especially cocoa, a significant driver of deforestation in Africa. Governments can select one or several certification schemes, private or public ones, and target fiscal incentives related to these certified products. The peculiarity of a bonus-malus system is that the revenues generated by the malus are expected to decrease progressively (with the adoption of certification), requiring a reduction of the bonus rates in order to respect budget neutrality. Adopting such a scheme would create winners and losers, therefore, complementary policy measures targeting small-scale producers are desirable. Jusqu'à récemment, les instruments fiscaux étaient peu ou pas utilisés pour la protection des forêts dans les pays en développement. L'essor, depuis les années 1990, de systèmes de certification par tierce partie ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour l'utilisation de la fiscalité dans un sens incitatif. Dans le secteur forestier, la certification s'est développée de manière significative en Afrique centrale, mais a atteint un plateau au cours des dix dernières années, notamment en raison de la réorientation des flux d'exportation de bois vers les marchés asiatiques qui ne demandent pas de produits certifiés. Les incitations fiscales, par le biais de baisses de taxes pour les producteurs responsables, pourraient compenser l'absence de prix majorés, mais diminueraient les recettes ","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"27 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44490168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forests and Woodlands in Morocco: Review of Historical Evolution, Services, Priorities for Conservation Measures and Future Research","authors":"S. Serbouti, A. Ettaqy, H. Boukcim, El Mderssa M, N. El Ghachtouli, Y. Abbas","doi":"10.1505/146554823836838745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823836838745","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Forests and woodland are considered as a source of high biodiversity in Morocco. Moroccan forests provide essential ecosystem and environmental services. Moroccan forest and woodland have a crucial economic role for rural populations. Human activities, fires and climate change have affected the integrity of forest ecosystems. There is a need for innovation in order to balance the socioeconomic and natural roles of Moroccan forest ecosystems. SUMMARY Forests and woodland ecosystems in Morocco play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and providing ecological and economic services. Despite advances in administration, technology, and research tools in Morocco, these ecosystems have received limited attention. This paper highlights the importance of forests and woodland ecosystems in Morocco, focusing on their economic significance and the factors that pose a threat to them. Furthermore, guidelines are provided for appropriate conservation measures and future research to better understand the current situation of forests in Morocco. The results show that Moroccan forests and woodlands are rich in flora and fauna, including species with significant economic value, such as medicinal plants. These ecosystems also provide important ecological services, such as serving as habitats for endemic and threatened species. Despite the efforts of the government, human activities have negatively affected these ecosystems. To ensure that these resources are preserved for future generation, we recommend considering the human element as a central factor in all conservation approaches and actions. Au Maroc, les écosystèmes forestiers jouent un rôle crucial dans le maintien de la biodiversité et l'approvisionnement des services écologiques et économiques. Cependant, malgré les progrès administratifs, les technologies et les outils de recherche adoptés, ces écosystèmes ont reçu une attention limitée. Cette revue souligne l'importance des écosystèmes forestiers au Maroc, en mettant l'accent sur leur importance économique et les facteurs qui les menacent. En outre, des lignes directrices sont fournies pour des mesures de conservation appropriées et des recherches futures afin de mieux comprendre la situation actuelle des forêts au Maroc. Les résultats montrent que les forêts marocaines sont riches en flore et faune, y compris les espèces ayant une valeur économique importante, telles que les plantes médicinales. Ces écosystèmes fournissent également d'importants services écologiques, comme servir d'habitat à des espèces endémiques et menacées. Malgré les efforts du gouvernement, les activités humaines ont eu des répercussions négatives sur ces écosystèmes. Pour veiller à ce que ces ressources soient préservées pour les générations futures, nous recommandons de considérer l'élément humain comme un facteur central dans toutes les approches et actions de conservation. Los bosques y ecosistemas forestales de Marruecos desempeñan un papel crucial en el manteni","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"121 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45651976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning from the Past to Guide the Future: A SWOT-AHP Analysis of Tree-Based Land Restoration Endeavours in the Northern Sahel Region of Cameroon","authors":"E. Chia, F. Nsubuga, P. Chirwa","doi":"10.1505/146554823836838754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823836838754","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Experiences from past tree-based land restoration endeavours are relevant for the success of future land restoration policies and programs in Cameroon. Tree-based land restoration endeavours have been assessed by stakeholders to have good and bad sides because of the multiple Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) identified in this study. Stakeholders have different views regarding the importance and influence of each of the tree-based land restoration SWOT factors. Thus, considering these different views in the design, implementation and monitoring of restoration initiatives will help to address realities on the ground. The participatory process enabled the identification of socioeconomic and environmental specificities that are crucial for ensuring that restoration projects and programs are designed and implemented successfully. A participatory approach that involves stakeholder consultations in all five agroecological zones of the country should be used when revising the national restoration strategic framework in Cameroon. SUMMARY This paper analyses restoration efforts in the Northern Sahel region of Cameroon using a combination of SWOT analysis and the Analytical Hierarchical Process approach. Based on the perception of key informants from three stakeholder groups – representatives of the administration, representatives of communities, representatives of local NGOs, the results show that the positive attributes of restoration efforts overshadow the negative aspects. Moreover, source of additional income for families from restoration received the overall highest factor score ranking for strength. Tenure insecurity is the weakness with the highest score and the overall priority score for weaknesses was highest for key informants from local NGOs. On the other hand, improving livelihoods and natural resource base of communities received the highest overall factor for opportunities, while inadequate supply of quality inputs for restoration was perceived as the most critical threat to land restoration efforts in the northern Sahel region of Cameroon. Ce papier analyse les efforts de restauration dans la région du Sahel du nord au Cameroun, en utilisant une combinaison d'analyses SWOT et une approche de Processus analytique hiérarchique. Basés sur la perception qu'ont des informateurs-clé de trois groupes de parties prenantes- des représentants de l'administration, des communautés et des ONG locales, les résultats indiquent que les attributs positifs des efforts de restauration cachent ses aspects négatifs. De plus, la source de revenus additionnels pour les familles résultant de la restauration reçut le plus fort facteur de classement pour sa force. L'insécurité de la tenure est le facteur le plus faible, parmi les scores les plus haut, ainsi que le score de priorité majeur par sa faiblesse pour les informateurs-clé des ONGs. En revanche, l'amélioration des revenus et la base de ressources naturelles des communautés r","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"15 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49037426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indian Forest Governance during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"P. Rana, F. Fleischman","doi":"10.1505/146554823836838727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823836838727","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Mixed outcomes were observed in terms of the effectiveness of forest bureaucrats' handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many forest officers were able to adapt and improvise new solutions to saving forests, wildlife and local livelihoods. Several officers failed to control forest offenses and did not support forest-based livelihoods. Old and outdated forest laws, exigencies-driven forest management and professional decay reduced administrative performance. Strengthening forests as a safety net, reforming forest laws, empowering communities and adopting proactive governance can help forest authorities and managers better respond to unpredictable events. SUMMARY The unexpected nature of COVID-19 tested the institutional strength and resilience of state agencies across the world. Preliminary evidence is presented on how reduced mobility due to COVID-19 affected the functioning of the Forest Department in the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh and triggered changes in forest use by local communities as perceived by forest officials. Our evidence shows mixed outcomes in terms of the effectiveness of the forest bureaucrats in handling the COVID-19 pandemic as assessed through their own perceptions and other forestry records. The positive and negative elements relating to the bureaucratic forest administration during the COVID-19 lockdown are presented, and some possible reasons behind these varying patterns across the state of Himachal Pradesh are suggested. Lessons drawn from the COVID-19 crisis that can help guide forest bureaucracies to deal effectively with unpredictable events in the future are presented. La nature imprévisible de la Covid 19 a été un test pour la force et la résilience institutionnelles des agences d'état dans le monde. Des preuves préliminaires sont présentées quant à la manière dont la mobilité réduite due à la Covid 19 a affecté le fonctionnement du département forestier de l'état du Himachal Pradesh, au nord de l'Inde, et a généré des changements dans l'usage que les communautés locales font de la forêt, en se basant sur les rapports des officiers forestiers. Nos données indiquent que l'efficacité des bureaucrates forestiers dans la gestion de la pandémie de la Covid 19 a été mitigée, en s'appuyant sur les propres perceptions de ces derniers, ainsi que sur d'autres rapports forestiers. Les éléments positifs et négatifs de l'administration bureaucratique forestière pendant le confinement dû à la Covid 19 sont présentés, et des raisons possibles sous-tendant ces réponses variables dans l'état du Himachal Pradesh sont suggérées. Des leçons tirées de la crise de la Covid 19 pouvant aider à guider les bureaucraties forestières à réagir efficacement à des crises imprévues dans le futur sont présentées. El carácter inesperado de COVID-19 puso a prueba la fortaleza institucional y la resiliencia de los organismos estatales de todo el mundo. Este estudio presenta pruebas preliminares de cómo la reducción de la movilidad","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"105 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41385323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of Forest Governance: Policy Concepts and Actor Changes in Social Forestry Program Implementation in Indonesia","authors":"Reza Bakhtiar Ramadhan, M. Dhavio, R. Hanafi, M. H. Daulay, G. Prakosa","doi":"10.1505/146554823836838673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823836838673","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS After the State Forestry Company/SFC failed to adopt a community-based forestry (CBF) governance model on its area, a governance transformation occurred in the implementation of social forestry in Indonesia. The establishment of two popular programs, namely the Social Forestry Utilization Permit (IPHPS) and the Strengthening and Protection of Forestry Partnerships (Kulin-KK) (partnership program), is the outcome of policy arrangements made by the relevant actors. Both programs are grounded in political dynamics and a related historical context. A coalition of government and non-government actors, such as civil society organizations, plays an important role in promoting the transition of forest management in the SFC region. The IPHPS program was developed as a result of dissatisfaction with the previous management by SFC, while Kulin-KK was mentioned as part of SFC's efforts to maintain its existence. In locations where IPHPS is adopted, group facilitators become influential actors who are affiliated with established organizational networks. SUMMARY In Indonesia, particularly in Java, forest governance has been taking place since the State Forest Corporation (SFC) came to power. The emergence of the Social Forestry Forest Utilization Permit (IPHPS) and Strengthening and Protection-Forestry Partnership (Kulin-KK) programs in the SFC area marked the start of an essential phase of social forestry (SF), in which forest access and management were transferred to community groups. The 2017 regulatory policy regarding SF programs in the SFC region significantly impacts governance and actor relations in Java. This study examines the transformation that is taking place using the concept of policy arrangement and analysis of changes in actors at the program implementation level. We find that policy coalitions are formed by government actors and civil society groups using forest and socioeconomic condition-based discourse. The rules of the game that are formed cannot be divorced from the interests of the actors who desire change. The findings at IPHPS indicate that SFC actors have less impact than they do in the Kulin-KK program, where they remain powerful because this program is regarded as a continuation of the PHBM concept that SFC introduced. Community group facilitators are influential actors in a network of community groups in Java that are mainly involved in promoting social forestry programs. This study proposes expanding community participation in the program so that previously powerful actors' interests do not exploit it. En Indonésie, et à Java en particulier, la gestion forestière a été opérée depuis que la Corporation de la Forêt d'Etat (SFC) est arrivée au pouvoir. L'arrivée du Permis d'utilisation de forêt de la foresterie sociale (IPHPS) et de programmes de Partenariat forestier de protection (Kulin-KK) dans le domaine de la SFC ont marqué le début d'une phase essentielle de la Foresterie sociale (SF), dans laquelle l'accès à la for","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"92 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44445108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}