Intelligence最新文献_第6页

Generational intelligence tests score changes in Spain: Are we asking the right question? 西班牙的代际智力测验成绩变化:我们问对问题了吗?

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101772

Roberto Colom, Luis F. García, Pei Chun Shih, Francisco J. Abad

{"title":"Generational intelligence tests score changes in Spain: Are we asking the right question?","authors":"Roberto Colom, Luis F. García, Pei Chun Shih, Francisco J. Abad","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Generational intelligence test score gains have been documented worldwide in the twentieth century. However, recent evidence suggests these increased scores are coming to an end in some world regions. Here we compare two cohorts of university freshmen. The first cohort (<em>n</em> = 311) was assessed in 1991, whereas the second cohort (<em>n</em><span> = 349) was assessed thirty years later (2022). These cohorts completed the same intelligence battery including eight standardized speeded and power tests tapping reasoning (abstract and quantitative), language (vocabulary, verbal comprehension, and verbal meanings), rote calculation, and visuospatial relations. The results revealed a global gain of 3.5 IQ points but also upward and downward changes at the test level. The 2022 cohort outperformed the 1991 cohort on reasoning (abstract and quantitative), verbal comprehension, and vocabulary, whereas the 1991 cohort outscored the 2022 cohort on rote calculation, visuospatial relations (mental rotation and identical figures), and verbal meanings. These findings are thought to support one key claim made by James Flynn: generational changes on the specific cognitive abilities and skills tapped by standardized tests should be expected without appreciable or substantive changes in the structure of the intelligence construct identified within generations. This main conclusion is discussed with respect to theoretical causal implications putatively derived from current intelligence psychometric models.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45513024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The latent structure of emerging cognitive abilities: An infant twin study 新兴认知能力的潜在结构：一项婴儿双胞胎研究

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101771

Giorgia Bussu , Mark Taylor , Kristiina Tammimies , Angelica Ronald , Terje Falck-Ytter

{"title":"The latent structure of emerging cognitive abilities: An infant twin study","authors":"Giorgia Bussu , Mark Taylor , Kristiina Tammimies , Angelica Ronald , Terje Falck-Ytter","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is well known that genetic factors account for up to 70% of variability in cognition from childhood to adulthood. However, less is known about the first year of life. This study investigated the etiological factors influencing individual variability in different domains of emerging cognitive and motor abilities in early infancy, and to what extent genetic and environmental influences are unique or shared across different domains. We compared multivariate twin models built on scores from the five scales of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) in a community sample of monozygotic and dizygotic twins at 5 months of age (n=567). The results indicated a hierarchical etiological structure whereby a general genetic latent factor accounted for 54% of variance underlying the different domains of emerging cognitive and motor abilities (A=0.54, confidence interval CI=[0; 0.82]). We also found additional genetic influences that were specific to early motor and language development. Unlike previous findings on older children, we did not find significant influences of shared environment on the shared factor (C=0, CI=[0, 0.57]), or any specific scale. Furthermore, influences of unique environment, which include measurement error, were moderate and statistically significant (E=0.46, CI=0.18; 0.81]). This study provides strong evidence for a unitary hierarchical structure across different domains of emerging cognition. Evidence that a single common etiological factor, which we term <em>infant g</em>, contributes to a range of different abilities supports the view that in young infants, intrinsic and general neurodevelopmental processes are key drivers of observable behavioural differences in specific domains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47287484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

All (tilt) models are wrong, but some are useful: A reply to Sorjonen et al.’s (2023) critique of tilt 所有(倾斜)模型都是错误的，但有些是有用的:回复Sorjonen等人(2023)对倾斜的批评

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101749

Thomas R. Coyle

{"title":"All (tilt) models are wrong, but some are useful: A reply to Sorjonen et al.’s (2023) critique of tilt","authors":"Thomas R. Coyle","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2023.101749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Tilt</em> refers to a pattern of specific abilities and is based on within subject differences in two abilities (e.g., math and verbal), yielding an ability profile with strengths and weaknesses. A common type of tilt is ability tilt based on math and verbal scores, yielding math tilt (math>verbal) and verbal tilt (verbal>math). This article responds to Sorjonen, Ingre, Nilsonne, and Melin's (2023, this issue) critique of tilt and investment theories. In their critique, Sorjonen et al. claim that tilt results are spurious and that investment theories cannot explain tilt. Contra Sorjonen et al.'s claims, the current article argues that the nomological network of tilt relations is not spurious but is parsimonious, falsifiable, and supports the predictions of investment theories. The nomological network indicates that (a) tilt levels increase with age in adolescence and are mediated by processing speed; (b) males show math tilt, whereas females show verbal tilt; and (c) math tilt correlates positively with analogous criteria (e.g., science and math) and negatively with competing criteria (e.g., verbal), whereas verbal tilt shows the opposite pattern. It is argued that these (and other) findings are not spurious but can be parsimoniously explained by investment theories, which assume that investment in a particular domain (e.g., STEM; science, technology, engineering, math) boosts the development of analogous abilities (e.g., math) and inhibits the development of competing abilities (e.g., verbal). The article concludes with a discussion of future research on tilt, focusing on factors that may affect the development of tilt and its predictive power (e.g., trait complexes and developmental dedifferentiation).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49718402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relations between intelligence index score discrepancies and psychopathology symptoms in the EDEN mother-child birth cohort EDEN母婴出生队列智力指数得分差异与精神病理症状的关系

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101753

Victoria Shevchenko , Ghislaine Labouret , Ava Guez , Sylvana Côté , Barbara Heude , Hugo Peyre , Franck Ramus

{"title":"Relations between intelligence index score discrepancies and psychopathology symptoms in the EDEN mother-child birth cohort","authors":"Victoria Shevchenko , Ghislaine Labouret , Ava Guez , Sylvana Côté , Barbara Heude , Hugo Peyre , Franck Ramus","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential linkages between intelligence and psychopathology across the full IQ range, while considering both absolute IQ scores and discrepancies between them. We drew data from the EDEN mother-child birth cohort, gathered at two time points: 5.5 and 11.5 years of age. We examined three instruments assessing psychopathology: the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Child Behavior Checklist, and the </span>Mental Health and Social Inadaptation Assessment for Adolescents. We focused on four distinct scales: internalizing disorder, conduct disorder, social problems, and ADHD symptoms.</p><p>Our analyses first examined correlations between Full-scale IQ, Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, and psychopathology scores. Subsequently, we explored correlations between absolute and relative verbal-performance IQ discrepancies and psychopathology scores. In general, we found that relations between intelligence index scores and psychopathology scales were generally null or negative (high IQ associated with fewer psychopathology symptoms). Our results do not lend support to the hypothesis that high intelligence or index score discrepancies are risk factors for psychopathology in children and adolescents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44675383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Gene-environment interplay in early life cognitive development 早期认知发展中的基因-环境相互作用

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101748

Sophie von Stumm , Radhika Kandaswamy , Jessye Maxwell

引用次数: 0

The cross-cultural generalizability of cognitive ability measures: A systematic literature review. 认知能力测量的跨文化概括性:系统的文献综述。

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101751

Christopher J. Wilson , Stephen C. Bowden , Linda K. Byrne , Nicole R. Joshua , Wolfgang Marx , Lawrence G. Weiss

{"title":"The cross-cultural generalizability of cognitive ability measures: A systematic literature review.","authors":"Christopher J. Wilson , Stephen C. Bowden , Linda K. Byrne , Nicole R. Joshua , Wolfgang Marx , Lawrence G. Weiss","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Examining factorial invariance provides the strongest test of the generalizability of psychological constructs across populations and should be investigated prior to cross-cultural interpretation of cognitive assessments. The aim of this systematic review was to critically evaluate the current evidence regarding the factorial invariance and the generalizability of cognition models across cultures. The review was structured using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature search identified 57 original studies examining the factorial invariance of cognitive ability assessments across cultures. The results were strongly supportive of the cross-cultural generalizability of the underlying cognitive model. Ten studies found configural invariance, 20 studies found weak or partial weak factorial invariance, 12 found strong or partial strong factorial invariance, and 13 found strict factorial invariance. However, the quality of the factorial invariance analyses varied between studies, with some analyses not adopting the hierarchical approach to factorial invariance analysis, leading to ambiguous results. No study that provided interpretable results in terms of the hierarchical approach to factorial invariance found a lack of factorial invariance. Overall, the results of this review suggest that i) the factor analytic models of cognitive abilities generalize across cultures, ii) the use of the hierarchical approach to factorial invariance is likely to find strong or strict factorial invariance, iii) the results are compatible with well-established Cattell-Horn-Carroll constructs being invariant across cultures. Future research into factorial invariance should follow the hierarchical analytic approach so as not to misestimate factorial invariance. Studies should also use the Cattell-Horn-Carroll taxonomy to systematize intelligence research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43241142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Bilingualism and intelligence in children exposed to poverty environments: A Raven's error pattern analysis using a generalized propensity score method 贫困环境下儿童的双语能力与智力:基于广义倾向评分法的雷文错误模式分析

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101758

Leopoldo Laborda , Juan Mejalenko , Isabel Gómez-Veiga

{"title":"Bilingualism and intelligence in children exposed to poverty environments: A Raven's error pattern analysis using a generalized propensity score method","authors":"Leopoldo Laborda , Juan Mejalenko , Isabel Gómez-Veiga","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The main objective of this study is to compare the quantitative (correct answers) and qualitative (error types) performance of children belonging to different linguistic groups on a non-verbal reasoning test, Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices Test, after being matched based on level of exposure to poverty, certain individual characteristics and test performance. The sample is representative for Mexico at a population level and consists of children aged 5 to 12 (<em>n</em> = 4644), of which 671 are bilingual in Spanish and an indigenous language, 3970 are monolingual in Spanish and 78 are monolingual in an indigenous language. The results show significant quantitative differences with a lower overall performance in the Raven's test by bilingual children as compared to their monolingual (Spanish only) peers, but no qualitative differences when analyzing their error types. When considering each linguistic group individually, the relative frequency of three error types (Repetition, Wrong Principle, and Incomplete Correlate) is similar in children aged 5 to 8 and in those aged 9 to 12. However, considering the two age cohorts, the results reveal how the intragroup differences in each linguistic group, are only statistically significant in the case of Difference errors, in the group of monolingual children in Spanish.</p><p>In addition to practical use that may be potentially derived from this empirical evidence, these results may also be encouraging from a methodological point of view. They demonstrate how the method used, in addition to permitting greater comparison between the experimental groups of a representative sample at a population level, does not present high sensitivity, either for the model used to estimate the Generalized Propensity Score method, or for the specific estimator used.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43539961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intercohort upsurge of cognitive ability among the general population in China: Evaluating a Flynn effect 中国普通人群认知能力的队列间高涨:弗林效应的评价

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101752

Yaqiang Qi , Yajie Xiong

{"title":"Intercohort upsurge of cognitive ability among the general population in China: Evaluating a Flynn effect","authors":"Yaqiang Qi , Yajie Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drawing on data from three waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), we find a substantial intercohort upsurge of both vocabulary and mathematical abilities<span> among the Chinese general population born between 1935 and 1984. Consistent with the well-established Flynn effect, Chinese adults boost their average vocabulary score by 3.21 points and mathematical score by 3.83 points per decade. Further examinations suggest that the observed intercohort gains in cognition are largely associated with educational expansion, nutritional improvement and reduced family size. These factors together account for about 76% of vocabulary gains and 79% of mathematical gains. Moreover, subgroup analyses reveal that females gain at a much faster pace than do males in terms of both vocabulary and mathematical scores among the studied cohorts, with young females catching up and even surpassing males in the recent cohorts; while rural residents still fall behind their urban counterparts for both vocabulary and mathematical abilities. Taken together, these findings are consistent with the life history theory and strongly support the fundamental role of socioenvironmental changes in producing the Flynn effect.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46926430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Cognitive ability and creativity: Typology contributions and a meta-analytic review 认知能力与创造力：类型学贡献与元分析综述

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101757

Andra Serban , Sven Kepes , Wenhao Wang , Robert Baldwin

{"title":"Cognitive ability and creativity: Typology contributions and a meta-analytic review","authors":"Andra Serban , Sven Kepes , Wenhao Wang , Robert Baldwin","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Our meta-analysis provides a comprehensive examination of the correlation between cognitive ability and creativity. Introducing an integrative typology of creativity, we assess how, at the individual level, cognitive ability at Stratum III, as well as different cognitive ability dimensions at Stratum II from Carroll's (1993) Three-Stratum Theory, correlate with three creativity perspectives (person, process, and product), and different dimensions within them. Using 135 independent samples containing 65,829 subjects, we found an observed meta-analytic correlation between cognitive ability at Stratum III and overall creativity of 0.27 (the corrected mean correlation was 0.33). The mean correlation was strongest for variables in the process perspective of creativity. We also observed that the Stratum II dimensions of cognitive ability most strongly related to creativity are broad retrieval ability and broad visual perception. In addition, we found that several conceptual and methodological moderators (e.g., cognitive ability measure, creativity measure, creativity domain, type of ratings) had a noticeable impact on the strength of the meta-analytic correlation. Dominance and sensitivity analyses tended to support our meta-analytic results. We discuss our study's contributions and practical implications and suggest future research avenues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45750587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

All (tilt) models are wrong, but some are useful: A reply to critique of tilt 所有（倾斜）模型都是错误的，但有些是有用的：对倾斜批评的回应

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101749

T. Coyle

引用次数: 1