Intelligence最新文献_第6页

How accurately does self-reported intelligence reflect psychometrically measured IQ? 自我报告的智力反映心理测量学测量的智商有多准确？

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101933

Jüri Allik, Helle Pullmann

{"title":"How accurately does self-reported intelligence reflect psychometrically measured IQ?","authors":"Jüri Allik, Helle Pullmann","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies have demonstrated that people's self-reported intelligence (SRI) is only weakly correlated with their psychometrically measured IQ, which challenges the idea that asking someone how intelligent they are can serve as a reliable proxy for formal ability testing. Data collected from a large sample of Estonian schoolchildren aged 7 to 18 years (<em>N</em> = 4544) showed that only by around age of 10 do children's cognitive abilities develop to a level that allows them to make reasonably accurate self-assessments, as measured by the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM). We conclude that meaningful comparisons of one's intellectual abilities with those of peers are only possible once general cognitive development has reached a stage of reflective intelligence, capable of using formal operations and aligning mental concepts with reality. One way to improve the agreement between the SRI and IQ test scores is to increase the reliability of subjective ratings, either by using more items or by enhancing inter-item correlations. However, this agreement has an upper limit, as discrepancies remain between psychologists' definitions of intelligence and lay conceptions, which often conflate intelligence with self-esteem and other unrelated constructs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101933"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reciprocal effects between information and communication technology literacy and conventional literacies 信息和通信技术素养与传统素养之间的相互影响

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101936

Timo Gnambs

引用次数: 0

Validating Rules: A non-verbal free fluid intelligence test 验证规则：非语言自由流体智力测试

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101923

Sofie Van Cauwenberghe , Stijn Schelfhout , Elisabeth Roels , Jordi Heeren , Lieve De Wachter , Wouter Duyck , Nicolas Dirix

{"title":"Validating Rules: A non-verbal free fluid intelligence test","authors":"Sofie Van Cauwenberghe , Stijn Schelfhout , Elisabeth Roels , Jordi Heeren , Lieve De Wachter , Wouter Duyck , Nicolas Dirix","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intelligence is one of the strongest predictors of academic achievement. Fluid intelligence is one part of the construct, that can be measured by deductive and inductive reasoning. We set up a validation study of a free, non-verbal fluid intelligence test (Rules) in the context of study orientation. In this study, we investigate the reliability, distribution and structural validity of Rules, consisting of 28 items. Evidence from confirmatory multidimensional item response theory models suggests structural validity of the non-verbal reasoning test. For construct validity, a cross-validation between Rules and Raven's 2 Progressive Matrices in a sample of 235 last-year secondary school students resulted in a correlation of 0.62. Furthermore, we analyzed the predictive validity of the non-verbal reasoning test, which was administered to 32,585 last-year secondary school students. A standardized mathematics and language test were administered as a proxy for academic achievement scores. The results confirmed the predictive validity of the non-verbal reasoning test for cognitive achievement, with correlations of <em>r</em> = 0.61 for mathematics and <em>r</em> = 0.41 for language. Findings support the use of Rules in psychological practice, in particular for large-scale study exploration tools and low-stakes testing as a proxy for cognition or fluid reasoning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Age and ability-based emotional intelligence: Evidence from the Geneva Emotional Competence Test 基于年龄和能力的情绪智力：来自日内瓦情绪能力测试的证据

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101934

Gilles E. Gignac , Katja Schlegel

引用次数: 0

Cognitive performance from infancy to adulthood in Japan from 1998–2001 to 2014–2019: A study using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 1998-2001年至2014-2019年日本婴儿期至成年期的认知表现：使用京都心理发展量表的研究

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101937

Hideyo Goma , Shun Tanaka , Toshiki Matsuoka , Hiroyuki Shimizu , Satomi Shimizu , Yui Zen , Emi Adachi , Motoko Ishikawa , Karri Silventoinen

{"title":"Cognitive performance from infancy to adulthood in Japan from 1998–2001 to 2014–2019: A study using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development","authors":"Hideyo Goma , Shun Tanaka , Toshiki Matsuoka , Hiroyuki Shimizu , Satomi Shimizu , Yui Zen , Emi Adachi , Motoko Ishikawa , Karri Silventoinen","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Declines in cognitive performance have been observed in many Western countries in the 21st century, but it is still unclear whether similar declines are occurring in East Asian countries. We examined trends in cognitive performance over a 20-year period in Japan and analyzed how these trends varied from infancy to adulthood and between males and females. Data were collected between 1998 and 2001 (<em>n</em> = 2677; 49 % females) and 2014 and 2019 (<em>n</em> = 3243; 51 % females) using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development and analyzed using linear regression models. We found that cognitive performance had improved over the years for boys and girls aged 3 to 10 years old, with only minor changes observed at younger and older ages. Girls showed an advantage in cognitive development over boys from 1 to 3 years of age, while boys outperformed girls from 10 years of age into adulthood. We found suggestive evidence of slightly faster improvement in cognitive development over the years in boys compared to girls. These results were roughly similar for general cognitive development, cognitive-adaptive development, and language-social development. These findings suggest that the cognitive performance of Japanese children has continued to improve over the past two decades. Japan provides an example that the decline in cognitive performance observed in many industrialized countries in the 21st century is not inevitable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101937"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychometrically derived 60-question benchmarks: Substantial efficiencies and the possibility of human-AI comparisons 心理测量学衍生的60个问题基准：实质性的效率和人类与人工智能比较的可能性

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101922

Gilles E. Gignac , David Ilić

{"title":"Psychometrically derived 60-question benchmarks: Substantial efficiencies and the possibility of human-AI comparisons","authors":"Gilles E. Gignac , David Ilić","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large Language Model (LLM) benchmark evaluation tests often comprise thousands of questions. Based on psychometric principles, reliable and valid benchmark tests can likely be developed with as few as 60 items, comparable to human intelligence tests, which typically include only 15 to 60 items. The establishment of shorter benchmark tests offers numerous potential benefits, including more efficient evaluation of LLMs, the practical feasibility of creating parallel forms, and the ability to directly compare LLM performance with human capabilities. Consequently, we analysed the performance of 591 LLMs across three widely recognized benchmarks—HellaSwag, Winogrande, and GSM8K—and developed short-forms (≈ 60 questions each) using psychometric principles. The short-forms exhibited high internal consistency reliability, with coefficient omega values ranging from 0.96 for Winogrande to 0.99 for HellaSwag and GSM8K. Additionally, strong correlations between short- and long-form scores (<em>r</em> ≈ 0.90) provided evidence of concurrent validity. Finally, model size (number of parameters) was a slightly stronger predictor of overall LLM performance for the short-forms compared to the long-forms, indicating that the short forms exhibited comparable, if not slightly superior, convergent validity. It is concluded that shorter benchmarks may accelerate AI development by enabling more efficient evaluations. Additionally, research into the nature of intelligence may be facilitated by benchmark short-forms by enabling direct comparisons between AI and human performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 101922"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reevaluating the Flynn effect, and the reversal: Temporal trends and measurement invariance in Norwegian armed forces intelligence scores 重新评估弗林效应和逆转：挪威武装部队智力得分的时间趋势和测量不变性

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101909

Morten Nordmo , Tore Nøttestad Norrøne , Ole Christian Lang-Ree

{"title":"Reevaluating the Flynn effect, and the reversal: Temporal trends and measurement invariance in Norwegian armed forces intelligence scores","authors":"Morten Nordmo , Tore Nøttestad Norrøne , Ole Christian Lang-Ree","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since 1954, the Norwegian Armed Forces have annually administered an unchanged general mental ability test to male cohorts, comprising figure matrices, word similarities, and mathematical reasoning tests. These stable and representative data have supported various claims about shifts in general mental ability (GMA) levels, notably the Flynn effect and its reversal, influencing extensive research linking these scores with health and other outcomes. This study examines whether observed temporal trends in scores reflect changes in latent intelligence or are confounded by evolving test characteristics and specific test-taking abilities in numerical reasoning, word comprehension, and figure matrices reasoning. Our findings, using multiple-group factor analysis and multiple indicator multiple cause (MIMIC) models, indicate that while there was a general upward trend in observed scores until 1993, this was predominantly driven by enhancements in the fluid intelligence task, specifically figure matrices reasoning. Notably, these gains do not uniformly translate to a rise in underlying GMA, suggesting the presence of domain-specific improvements and test characteristic changes over time. Conversely, the observed decline is primarily due to decreases in word comprehension and numerical reasoning tests, also reflecting specific abilities not attributable to changes in the latent GMA factor. Our findings further challenge the validity of claims that changes in the general factor drive the Flynn effect and its reversal. Furthermore, they caution against using these scores for longitudinal studies without accounting for changes in test characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 101909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The other half of intelligence: An obstacle-racecourse performance-based model of intelligence in action 智力的另一半以障碍赛跑成绩为基础的行动智力模型

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101919

Robert J. Sternberg

引用次数: 0

Assessing the external validity of the ACT as a predictor for intelligence quotient scores 评估ACT作为智商分数预测因子的外部有效性

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101921

Jon Butler

引用次数: 0

Joint modeling of cognitive aging and survival: Evaluation of birth cohort differences 认知衰老和生存的联合建模：出生队列差异的评估

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101920

Valgeir Thorvaldsson , Ingmar Skoog , Boo Johansson

{"title":"Joint modeling of cognitive aging and survival: Evaluation of birth cohort differences","authors":"Valgeir Thorvaldsson , Ingmar Skoog , Boo Johansson","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examined generational differences in the associations between cognitive functioning (i.e., level and rate of change) and survival after age 70. Data were drawn from two population-based cohorts born in 1901–1907 (<em>n</em> = 1106) and 1930 (<em>n</em> = 896), each systematically sampled from the same city population and assessed on the same cognitive battery at ages 70, 75, 79, 85, 88, 90, 92, 95, 97, 99, and 100. Cognitive performance was indexed using a composite score derived from tests of spatial ability, perceptual-motor speed, and reasoning. Mortality data, obtained from the Swedish national population register, were complete for >99 % of the 1901–07 cohort and 39 % of the 1930 cohort (last update: April 2023). We fitted joint models for longitudinal cognitive change and survival, controlling for sex and education. Across both cohorts, a one SD lower cognitive level was associated with a 1.43-fold higher mortality hazard, 95 % HDI [1.34, 1.53]. Models including cohort interactions revealed stronger effects of cognitive level in the 1901–07 cohort (HR = 1.50 [1.39, 1.61]) compared to the 1930 cohort (HR = 1.26 [1.14, 1.40]). Moreover, steeper rates of cognitive decline were associated with increased mortality risk in the 1930 cohort (HR = 1.74 [1.40, 2.17]), but not in the 1901–07 cohort (HR = 1.07 [0.97, 1.77]). These findings suggest that cognitive level is a stronger mortality predictor among earlier-born cohorts, whereas rate of cognitive decline plays a larger role in later-born cohorts, highlighting cohort-specific differences in how cognitive aging informs survival probability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 101920"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0