Intelligence最新文献_第7页

Seventy years, 1000 samples, and 300,000 SPM scores: A new meta-analysis of Flynn effect patterns 70年，1000个样本，30万个SPM分数:弗林效应模式的新荟萃分析

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101750

Peera Wongupparaj , Rangsirat Wongupparaj , Robin G. Morris , Veena Kumari

引用次数: 1

(Not just) Intelligence stratifies the occupational hierarchy: Ranking 360 professions by IQ and non-cognitive traits （不仅如此）智力对职业等级进行分层：根据智商和非认知特征对360个职业进行排名

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101755

Tobias Wolfram

{"title":"(Not just) Intelligence stratifies the occupational hierarchy: Ranking 360 professions by IQ and non-cognitive traits","authors":"Tobias Wolfram","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Occupational sorting, the process of individuals actively selecting into and being selected for different occupations, has significant implications for social stratification and inequality. The psychometric view of occupational differentials in ability emphasizes the importance of intelligence for occupational sorting, as it acts as a necessary condition to enter and remain in certain professions due to their high cognitive demand. The resulting cognitive stratification of the occupational hierarchy leads to strong associations between occupational mean IQ and sociological measures of occupational status and pay. Past research has been criticized for lack of representativeness and small sample sizes. In this study, we both confirm the psychometric view in a large representative sample and extend it to a set of nine non-cognitive traits. We show that the psychometric view holds (on a weaker level) for multiple non-cognitive traits, and using small-area estimation, we provide precise mean estimates and rankings of intelligence and non-cognitive traits for 360 occupations, including rare professions. Keywords: Social Stratification, Occupation, Non-Cognitive Traits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46766406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Looking for Flynn effects in a recent online U.S. adult sample: Examining shifts within the SAPA Project 在最近的美国成年人在线样本中寻找弗林效应：研究SAPA项目中的变化

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101734

Elizabeth M. Dworak , William Revelle , David M. Condon

{"title":"Looking for Flynn effects in a recent online U.S. adult sample: Examining shifts within the SAPA Project","authors":"Elizabeth M. Dworak , William Revelle , David M. Condon","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Compared to European countries, research is limited regarding if the Flynn effect, or its reversal, is a current phenomenon in the United States. Though recent research on the United States suggests that a Flynn effect could still be present, or partially present, among child and adolescent samples, few studies have explored differences of cognitive ability scores among US adults. Thirteen years of cross-sectional data from a subsample of adults (<em>n</em> = 394,378) were obtained from the Synthetic Aperture Personality Assessment Project (SAPA Project) to examine if cognitive ability scores changed within the United States from 2006 to 2018. Responses to an overlapping set of 35 (collected 2006–2018) and 60 (collected 2011–2018) items from the open-source multiple choice intelligence assessment International Cognitive Ability Resource (ICAR) were used to examine the trends in standardized average composite cognitive ability scores and domain scores of matrix reasoning, letter and number series, verbal reasoning, and three-dimensional rotation. Composite ability scores from 35 items and domain scores (matrix reasoning; letter and number series) showed a pattern consistent with a reversed Flynn effect from 2006 to 2018 when stratified across age, education, or gender. Slopes for verbal reasoning scores, however, failed to meet or exceed an annual threshold of |0.02| SD. A reversed Flynn effect was also present from 2011 to 2018 for composite ability scores from 60 items across age, education, and gender. Despite declining scores across age and demographics in other domains of cognitive ability, three-dimensional rotation scores showed evidence of a Flynn effect with the largest slopes occurring across age stratified regressions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44036341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

A synthetic theory to integrate and explain the causes of the Flynn effect: The Parental Executive Model 一个综合理论来整合和解释弗林效应的原因：父母-高管模型

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101740

Joseph Lee Rodgers, Patrick O'Keefe

{"title":"A synthetic theory to integrate and explain the causes of the Flynn effect: The Parental Executive Model","authors":"Joseph Lee Rodgers, Patrick O'Keefe","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The Flynn effect is one of the most interesting puzzles in psychology. Measured intelligence increased worldwide for a century, primarily in the fluid domain. Some increases may be flattening and/or reversing. Around 20 theories have been developed to explain the Flynn effect; most have empirical or conceptual weaknesses, though they also have strengths and </span>face validity<span>. The role of parents has been given only slight attention in past theorizing. We propose a new synthetic theory, the Parental Executive Model (the PEM) that integrates, organizes, and takes advantage of most previous theories. To structure our paper, we begin with a description of synthetic theories, and how to evaluate them (which has unique and difficult challenges). Following, we review the Flynn effect, and briefly summarize the new theory. Next, recent research is reviewed suggesting the value of re-conceptualizing the location of the Flynn effect to focus on families, and parents. Following, we describe the PEM, which states that parents – and teachers, authors, friends, etc. – use their agency to manage children's intellectual growth. The PEM posits that many (not all) parents subjectively optimize their children's intellectual outcomes, taking advantage of some subset of available resources – nutrition, education, technology, health care, etc. Cross-generational momentum occurs as parenting improves across generations. Prior research motivating the PEM is reviewed, and methods to evaluate the PEM are discussed. Finally, one recent empirical evaluation of the PEM is reviewed, that the cognitive home environment has been improving over time.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49529395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The relationship of divergent thinking with broad retrieval ability and processing speed: A meta-analysis 发散思维与广义检索能力和加工速度的关系:一项元分析

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101739

Kirill G. Miroshnik , Boris Forthmann , Maciej Karwowski , Mathias Benedek

{"title":"The relationship of divergent thinking with broad retrieval ability and processing speed: A meta-analysis","authors":"Kirill G. Miroshnik , Boris Forthmann , Maciej Karwowski , Mathias Benedek","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The present study aimed to integrate evidence on the relationship among broad retrieval ability (Gr), processing speed (Gs), and divergent thinking (DT) with a three-level meta-analytic approach. The analysis was conducted on 560 effect sizes obtained from 47 studies with an overall sample of 10,391 participants. Results indicated moderate mean correlations for both the Gr–DT (</span><em>r</em> = 0.47, 95% CI: [0.38, 0.54]) and the Gs–DT relationship (<em>r</em> = 0.31, 95% CI: [0.20, 0.41]). Notably, the correlation between DT and Gr was significantly higher than between DT and Gs, and the former remained significant even after controlling for the Gr–Gs correlation (<em>r</em><span> = 0.35, 95% CI: [0.26, 0.44]). Moderation analyses revealed that the Gr–DT link was moderated by the modality of DT tests and type of DT indicator, whereas the Gs–DT link was moderated by the modality of DT tests and type of DT instruction. Overall, these findings support the claim on the essential role of broad retrieval ability and processing speed in creative idea production.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46787631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Maternal supportiveness is predictive of childhood general intelligence 母亲的支持可以预测儿童的一般智力

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101754

Curtis S. Dunkel , Dimitri van der Linden , Tetsuya Kawamoto

引用次数: 0

On group differences in the heritability of intelligence: A reply to Giangrande and Turkheimer (2022) 智力遗传力的群体差异：对Giangrande和Turkheimer（2022）的回答

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101737

Bryan J. Pesta , Jan te Nijenhuis , Jordan Lasker , Emil O.W. Kirkegaard , John G.R. Fuerst

{"title":"On group differences in the heritability of intelligence: A reply to Giangrande and Turkheimer (2022)","authors":"Bryan J. Pesta , Jan te Nijenhuis , Jordan Lasker , Emil O.W. Kirkegaard , John G.R. Fuerst","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Here we reply to Giangrande and Turkheimer's (2022; G&T) recent critique of a meta-analysis we published in <em>Intelligence</em><span> regarding the Scarr-Rowe Hypothesis and the apparent lack of putative race/ethnic group differences in the heritability of intelligence (Pesta et al., 2020). Our rebuttal is divided into three sections that address ubiquitous misstatements in their critique: Section 1 focuses on conceptual and theoretical points. Section 2 addresses methodological, statistical, and interpretative points. Section 3 provides new analyses suggested by G&T that support our original interpretations. We note that G&T published their critique in </span><em>Perspectives on Psychological Science</em> (PoPS), which did not invite us to respond before their paper was published and our subsequent submission of a rebuttal was not accepted. Our unsuccessful appeal of these events based on possible ethics violations is detailed here (Appendix E). We recognize that this is a controversial area of research with legitimate disagreements and hope our responses maintain a degree of rigor and professionalism that others can emulate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46335231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intelligence and life expectancy in late adulthood: A meta-analysis 成年晚期的智力和预期寿命：一项荟萃分析

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101738

Macarena Sánchez-Izquierdo , Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros , Elizabeth Lucía Valeriano-Lorenzo , Juan Botella

{"title":"Intelligence and life expectancy in late adulthood: A meta-analysis","authors":"Macarena Sánchez-Izquierdo , Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros , Elizabeth Lucía Valeriano-Lorenzo , Juan Botella","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In an aging society, it is crucial to understand why some people live long and others do not. There has been a proliferation of studies in recent years that highlight the importance of psycho-behavioural factors in the ways of aging, one of those psychological components is intelligence. In this meta-analysis, the association between intelligence and life expectancy in late adulthood is analysed through the Hazard Ratio (HR). Our objectives are: (i) to update Calvin's meta-analysis, especially the estimate of the association between survival and intelligence; and (ii) to evaluate the role of some moderators, especially the age of the participants, to explore intelligence–mortality throughout adulthood and old age. The results show a positive relationship between intelligence and survival (HR<sub>•</sub>: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.81–0.76). This association is significantly moderated by the years of follow-up, the effect size being smaller the more years elapse between the intelligence assessment and the recording of the outcome. Intelligence is a protective factor to reach middle-high age, but from then on survival depends less and less on intelligence and more on other factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49373951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Further arguments that ability tilt correlations are spurious: A reply to Coyle (2022) 关于能力倾斜相关性的进一步论证是错误的:对科伊尔的回复(2022)

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2022.101706

Kimmo Sorjonen , Michael Ingre , Gustav Nilsonne , Bo Melin

{"title":"Further arguments that ability tilt correlations are spurious: A reply to Coyle (2022)","authors":"Kimmo Sorjonen , Michael Ingre , Gustav Nilsonne , Bo Melin","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2022.101706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2022.101706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ability tilt refers to a within-individual difference between two abilities, e.g. a difference between math and verbal ability. Coyle and colleagues have demonstrated correlations between ability tilts and measures of the constituent abilities. We have previously pointed out that such measures may be spurious as the tilt variable is dependent on the constituent abilities. We have further shown that reported tilt associations are inconsistent with simulations including non-spurious tilt-effects, and concluded that tilt-correlations demonstrated by Coyle and colleagues are spurious. In a recent paper, Coyle responded with a series of arguments, including that the validity of tilt correlations is supported by their agreement with theoretical predictions, and that the analyses we used in our previous critique (regression effects) differ from tilt-correlations. Here, we advance the discussion by responding to the arguments put forward by Coyle. We show that the difference between regression effects and correlations is not material to the validity of our argument. Furthermore, we discuss the relation of tilt correlations to theory, and show that many empirical tilt-correlations, e.g. between the birth rate – death rate difference and fertility in US states, can be observed although such correlations can hardly be explained by differential investment theories. Therefore, we maintain that tilt correlations are spurious and that they offer little support for theories concerning the development of intelligence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42936370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

General intelligence in middle school students from different Russian regions: Results of PISA-like tests 俄罗斯不同地区中学生的一般智力:类似pisa测试的结果

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101756

Nikita Kolachev , Galina Kovaleva

{"title":"General intelligence in middle school students from different Russian regions: Results of PISA-like tests","authors":"Nikita Kolachev , Galina Kovaleva","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study is aimed at investigating the contribution of the general intelligence factor if six PISA domains (reading, mathematical, scientific, financial literacies, global competence, and creative thinking) are combined in one measurement instrument. For achieving our goal, items based on the PISA frameworks are developed, students in grades 5–8 from three different Russian regions are assessed, and three IRT models (unidimensional, multidimensional, and bifactor) are applied to process the data. In addition, the correlations from the multidimensional model are estimated to examine the degree of cognitive specificity and mixture modeling is implemented to investigate ability differentiation across grades. Statistical analysis reveals that the bifactor model comprising one general and six specific factors, has a better fit in each grade. Based on this model, we compute the variance explained by the general factor, with the estimates varying between 60% and 70%. In general, the pure variance explained by specific factors does not exceed 10%. The correlations are above 0.40 in each grade and the averaged associations tend to increase from 6th to 8th grade, although they are smaller in years 6 and 7 compared to year 5. The general ability differentiation effect is observed in grades 6 to 8 and is not present in grade 5. Specific ability differentiation is more pronounced in reading literacy, especially in grade 5 to 7. The results obtained are discussed from the perspective of the ability and developmental differentiation/dedifferentiation problem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47614191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0