Intelligence最新文献_第8页

Gene-environment interplay in early life cognitive development 早期认知发展中的基因-环境相互作用

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101748

Sophie von Stumm , Radhika Kandaswamy , Jessye Maxwell

引用次数: 0

The cross-cultural generalizability of cognitive ability measures: A systematic literature review. 认知能力测量的跨文化概括性:系统的文献综述。

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101751

Christopher J. Wilson , Stephen C. Bowden , Linda K. Byrne , Nicole R. Joshua , Wolfgang Marx , Lawrence G. Weiss

{"title":"The cross-cultural generalizability of cognitive ability measures: A systematic literature review.","authors":"Christopher J. Wilson , Stephen C. Bowden , Linda K. Byrne , Nicole R. Joshua , Wolfgang Marx , Lawrence G. Weiss","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Examining factorial invariance provides the strongest test of the generalizability of psychological constructs across populations and should be investigated prior to cross-cultural interpretation of cognitive assessments. The aim of this systematic review was to critically evaluate the current evidence regarding the factorial invariance and the generalizability of cognition models across cultures. The review was structured using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature search identified 57 original studies examining the factorial invariance of cognitive ability assessments across cultures. The results were strongly supportive of the cross-cultural generalizability of the underlying cognitive model. Ten studies found configural invariance, 20 studies found weak or partial weak factorial invariance, 12 found strong or partial strong factorial invariance, and 13 found strict factorial invariance. However, the quality of the factorial invariance analyses varied between studies, with some analyses not adopting the hierarchical approach to factorial invariance analysis, leading to ambiguous results. No study that provided interpretable results in terms of the hierarchical approach to factorial invariance found a lack of factorial invariance. Overall, the results of this review suggest that i) the factor analytic models of cognitive abilities generalize across cultures, ii) the use of the hierarchical approach to factorial invariance is likely to find strong or strict factorial invariance, iii) the results are compatible with well-established Cattell-Horn-Carroll constructs being invariant across cultures. Future research into factorial invariance should follow the hierarchical analytic approach so as not to misestimate factorial invariance. Studies should also use the Cattell-Horn-Carroll taxonomy to systematize intelligence research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 101751"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43241142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Bilingualism and intelligence in children exposed to poverty environments: A Raven's error pattern analysis using a generalized propensity score method 贫困环境下儿童的双语能力与智力:基于广义倾向评分法的雷文错误模式分析

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101758

Leopoldo Laborda , Juan Mejalenko , Isabel Gómez-Veiga

{"title":"Bilingualism and intelligence in children exposed to poverty environments: A Raven's error pattern analysis using a generalized propensity score method","authors":"Leopoldo Laborda , Juan Mejalenko , Isabel Gómez-Veiga","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The main objective of this study is to compare the quantitative (correct answers) and qualitative (error types) performance of children belonging to different linguistic groups on a non-verbal reasoning test, Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices Test, after being matched based on level of exposure to poverty, certain individual characteristics and test performance. The sample is representative for Mexico at a population level and consists of children aged 5 to 12 (<em>n</em> = 4644), of which 671 are bilingual in Spanish and an indigenous language, 3970 are monolingual in Spanish and 78 are monolingual in an indigenous language. The results show significant quantitative differences with a lower overall performance in the Raven's test by bilingual children as compared to their monolingual (Spanish only) peers, but no qualitative differences when analyzing their error types. When considering each linguistic group individually, the relative frequency of three error types (Repetition, Wrong Principle, and Incomplete Correlate) is similar in children aged 5 to 8 and in those aged 9 to 12. However, considering the two age cohorts, the results reveal how the intragroup differences in each linguistic group, are only statistically significant in the case of Difference errors, in the group of monolingual children in Spanish.</p><p>In addition to practical use that may be potentially derived from this empirical evidence, these results may also be encouraging from a methodological point of view. They demonstrate how the method used, in addition to permitting greater comparison between the experimental groups of a representative sample at a population level, does not present high sensitivity, either for the model used to estimate the Generalized Propensity Score method, or for the specific estimator used.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 101758"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43539961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intercohort upsurge of cognitive ability among the general population in China: Evaluating a Flynn effect 中国普通人群认知能力的队列间高涨:弗林效应的评价

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101752

Yaqiang Qi , Yajie Xiong

{"title":"Intercohort upsurge of cognitive ability among the general population in China: Evaluating a Flynn effect","authors":"Yaqiang Qi , Yajie Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drawing on data from three waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), we find a substantial intercohort upsurge of both vocabulary and mathematical abilities<span> among the Chinese general population born between 1935 and 1984. Consistent with the well-established Flynn effect, Chinese adults boost their average vocabulary score by 3.21 points and mathematical score by 3.83 points per decade. Further examinations suggest that the observed intercohort gains in cognition are largely associated with educational expansion, nutritional improvement and reduced family size. These factors together account for about 76% of vocabulary gains and 79% of mathematical gains. Moreover, subgroup analyses reveal that females gain at a much faster pace than do males in terms of both vocabulary and mathematical scores among the studied cohorts, with young females catching up and even surpassing males in the recent cohorts; while rural residents still fall behind their urban counterparts for both vocabulary and mathematical abilities. Taken together, these findings are consistent with the life history theory and strongly support the fundamental role of socioenvironmental changes in producing the Flynn effect.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 101752"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46926430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

All (tilt) models are wrong, but some are useful: A reply to critique of tilt 所有（倾斜）模型都是错误的，但有些是有用的：对倾斜批评的回应

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101749

T. Coyle

引用次数: 1

Cognitive ability and creativity: Typology contributions and a meta-analytic review 认知能力与创造力：类型学贡献与元分析综述

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101757

Andra Serban , Sven Kepes , Wenhao Wang , Robert Baldwin

{"title":"Cognitive ability and creativity: Typology contributions and a meta-analytic review","authors":"Andra Serban , Sven Kepes , Wenhao Wang , Robert Baldwin","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Our meta-analysis provides a comprehensive examination of the correlation between cognitive ability and creativity. Introducing an integrative typology of creativity, we assess how, at the individual level, cognitive ability at Stratum III, as well as different cognitive ability dimensions at Stratum II from Carroll's (1993) Three-Stratum Theory, correlate with three creativity perspectives (person, process, and product), and different dimensions within them. Using 135 independent samples containing 65,829 subjects, we found an observed meta-analytic correlation between cognitive ability at Stratum III and overall creativity of 0.27 (the corrected mean correlation was 0.33). The mean correlation was strongest for variables in the process perspective of creativity. We also observed that the Stratum II dimensions of cognitive ability most strongly related to creativity are broad retrieval ability and broad visual perception. In addition, we found that several conceptual and methodological moderators (e.g., cognitive ability measure, creativity measure, creativity domain, type of ratings) had a noticeable impact on the strength of the meta-analytic correlation. Dominance and sensitivity analyses tended to support our meta-analytic results. We discuss our study's contributions and practical implications and suggest future research avenues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 101757"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45750587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seventy years, 1000 samples, and 300,000 SPM scores: A new meta-analysis of Flynn effect patterns 70年，1000个样本，30万个SPM分数:弗林效应模式的新荟萃分析

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101750

Peera Wongupparaj , Rangsirat Wongupparaj , Robin G. Morris , Veena Kumari

引用次数: 1

Looking for Flynn effects in a recent online U.S. adult sample: Examining shifts within the SAPA Project 在最近的美国成年人在线样本中寻找弗林效应：研究SAPA项目中的变化

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101734

Elizabeth M. Dworak , William Revelle , David M. Condon

{"title":"Looking for Flynn effects in a recent online U.S. adult sample: Examining shifts within the SAPA Project","authors":"Elizabeth M. Dworak , William Revelle , David M. Condon","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Compared to European countries, research is limited regarding if the Flynn effect, or its reversal, is a current phenomenon in the United States. Though recent research on the United States suggests that a Flynn effect could still be present, or partially present, among child and adolescent samples, few studies have explored differences of cognitive ability scores among US adults. Thirteen years of cross-sectional data from a subsample of adults (<em>n</em> = 394,378) were obtained from the Synthetic Aperture Personality Assessment Project (SAPA Project) to examine if cognitive ability scores changed within the United States from 2006 to 2018. Responses to an overlapping set of 35 (collected 2006–2018) and 60 (collected 2011–2018) items from the open-source multiple choice intelligence assessment International Cognitive Ability Resource (ICAR) were used to examine the trends in standardized average composite cognitive ability scores and domain scores of matrix reasoning, letter and number series, verbal reasoning, and three-dimensional rotation. Composite ability scores from 35 items and domain scores (matrix reasoning; letter and number series) showed a pattern consistent with a reversed Flynn effect from 2006 to 2018 when stratified across age, education, or gender. Slopes for verbal reasoning scores, however, failed to meet or exceed an annual threshold of |0.02| SD. A reversed Flynn effect was also present from 2011 to 2018 for composite ability scores from 60 items across age, education, and gender. Despite declining scores across age and demographics in other domains of cognitive ability, three-dimensional rotation scores showed evidence of a Flynn effect with the largest slopes occurring across age stratified regressions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 101734"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44036341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

A synthetic theory to integrate and explain the causes of the Flynn effect: The Parental Executive Model 一个综合理论来整合和解释弗林效应的原因：父母-高管模型

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101740

Joseph Lee Rodgers, Patrick O'Keefe

{"title":"A synthetic theory to integrate and explain the causes of the Flynn effect: The Parental Executive Model","authors":"Joseph Lee Rodgers, Patrick O'Keefe","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The Flynn effect is one of the most interesting puzzles in psychology. Measured intelligence increased worldwide for a century, primarily in the fluid domain. Some increases may be flattening and/or reversing. Around 20 theories have been developed to explain the Flynn effect; most have empirical or conceptual weaknesses, though they also have strengths and </span>face validity<span>. The role of parents has been given only slight attention in past theorizing. We propose a new synthetic theory, the Parental Executive Model (the PEM) that integrates, organizes, and takes advantage of most previous theories. To structure our paper, we begin with a description of synthetic theories, and how to evaluate them (which has unique and difficult challenges). Following, we review the Flynn effect, and briefly summarize the new theory. Next, recent research is reviewed suggesting the value of re-conceptualizing the location of the Flynn effect to focus on families, and parents. Following, we describe the PEM, which states that parents – and teachers, authors, friends, etc. – use their agency to manage children's intellectual growth. The PEM posits that many (not all) parents subjectively optimize their children's intellectual outcomes, taking advantage of some subset of available resources – nutrition, education, technology, health care, etc. Cross-generational momentum occurs as parenting improves across generations. Prior research motivating the PEM is reviewed, and methods to evaluate the PEM are discussed. Finally, one recent empirical evaluation of the PEM is reviewed, that the cognitive home environment has been improving over time.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 101740"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49529395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

(Not just) Intelligence stratifies the occupational hierarchy: Ranking 360 professions by IQ and non-cognitive traits （不仅如此）智力对职业等级进行分层：根据智商和非认知特征对360个职业进行排名

IF 3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101755

Tobias Wolfram

{"title":"(Not just) Intelligence stratifies the occupational hierarchy: Ranking 360 professions by IQ and non-cognitive traits","authors":"Tobias Wolfram","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2023.101755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Occupational sorting, the process of individuals actively selecting into and being selected for different occupations, has significant implications for social stratification and inequality. The psychometric view of occupational differentials in ability emphasizes the importance of intelligence for occupational sorting, as it acts as a necessary condition to enter and remain in certain professions due to their high cognitive demand. The resulting cognitive stratification of the occupational hierarchy leads to strong associations between occupational mean IQ and sociological measures of occupational status and pay. Past research has been criticized for lack of representativeness and small sample sizes. In this study, we both confirm the psychometric view in a large representative sample and extend it to a set of nine non-cognitive traits. We show that the psychometric view holds (on a weaker level) for multiple non-cognitive traits, and using small-area estimation, we provide precise mean estimates and rankings of intelligence and non-cognitive traits for 360 occupations, including rare professions. Keywords: Social Stratification, Occupation, Non-Cognitive Traits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 101755"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46766406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0