International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research最新文献

{"title":"The Role of various Ultrasound parameters in the evaluation of Thyroid lesions and its correlation with Thyroid Cytopathology","authors":"Rupinder Kalra, V. Agrawal, K. B. Mishra, Alok Yadav","doi":"10.7439/IJBAR.V9I4.4702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBAR.V9I4.4702","url":null,"abstract":"Objective : The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of various ultrasound parameters in the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules and to correlate ultrasonographic findings with cytological diagnosis as reference.Material & Methods:  In this prospective study a total of  165 patients attending the surgery/ENT OPD with complaints of thyroid swelling were included. On Ultrasonography the nodules were assessed on the basis of composition , echogenecity, margins , calcification , internal vascularity and presence of any associated lymphadenopathy. Sensitivity, Specificity and diagnostic accuracy of each individual US parameter was calculated . The results were then compared with cytological diagnosis.Results: The incidence of malignancy in our study was 6.66% (11/165). Of all the ultrasound characteristics, a predominantly solid composition, presence of fine calcifications and irregular borders had high sensitivity but low specificity for the diagnosis of malignancy.On the other hand, presence of internal vascularity within the nodule had the highest specificity and overall diagnostic accuracy. The sensitivity ,specificity and overall diagnostic accuracy of Ultrasound for characterising a malignant nodule was found to be 78.5% , 99.3% and 97.57% respectively.Conclusion : Ultrasonography along with FNAC is useful in the initial evaluation of thyroid nodules .While histopathology remains the gold standard for establishing the final diagnosis, attention to specific ultrasound patterns appear to be useful indicators in suspicious nodules which in turn may avoid unnecessary surgical intervention in benign nodules.","PeriodicalId":13848,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","volume":"104 1","pages":"148-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79209614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of analgesic effect of intrathecal nalbuphine and tramadol in patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy","authors":"Aparna Jayara, G. Bhandari, K. Shahi","doi":"10.7439/IJBAR.V9I4.4697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBAR.V9I4.4697","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To compare the analgesic effect and block characteristics of intrathecal nalbuphine and tramadol in patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. Settings and design: Prospective, double-blind, randomized study on 80 patients of age 20-60 years, undergoing vaginal hysterectomy under spinal anaesthesia. Methods and Material: Random allocation in two groups, where group T and group N received 25 mg tramdol and 1 mg nalbuphine respectively along with 15 mg 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacine through intrathecal route. Drugs were administered at the L3-4 interspace with the patient in the sitting position. Spinal block was assessed by pin prick and modified bromage scale. In postoperative period time of first request of analgesia, number of rescue analgesia, the duration of motor block from the time of drug administration to the time when patient was able to lift his leg and the adverse effects were recorded. Quantitative variables were compared using Unpaired t-test/Mann-Whitney Test. Qualitative variables were correlated using Chi-Square test /Fisher’s exact test. A p value of 0.05). Conclusion: In terms of sensory and motor block characteristics, nalbuphine provides faster onset, faster peak of analgesia than tramadol. In terms of postoperative analgesia nalbuphine and tramadol were statistically similar. Key message: This study establishes the efficacy of Nalbuphine (1mg) as an intrathecal adjuvant to 15 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine for enhancing the intraoperative sensory block and better haemodynamic stability than Tramadol (25 mg) as an intrathecal adjuvant. In terms of postoperative analgesia and motor block characteristics both the drugs are comparable.","PeriodicalId":13848,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"136-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85206690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Anthropometric parameters and Blood pressure in children between 8 -12 years","authors":"R. Mendadkar, Prachi S. Karnik, A. Khade, M. Gore, A. Jadhav","doi":"10.7439/IJBAR.V9I3.4698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBAR.V9I3.4698","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Blood pressure is a major determinant of health and cardiovascular morbidity. It is determined by a number of factors including BMI. Being a lifestyle disease, it has its roots in early childhood. The on-going pandemic of childhood obesity has resulted in a marked increase in cases of childhood hypertension. Therefore we studied the prevalence of overweight and obesity, the defining parameters and their correlation with blood pressure in school children.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted in three schools in Mumbai, with children largely from middle class population. Dietary history, physical activity details were noted. Anthropometric details such as weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, triceps skinfold thickness were noted. Blood pressure was recorded after being seated for 10 minutes. Statistical analysis was done to study correlation between anthropometry and blood pressure.Results: 981 students were examined. 57.8% had normal BMI, 12.33% and 16.82% had severe thinness and thinness respectively. 9.07% and 3.98% were overweight and obese respectively. Mean Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) for boys and girls was 0.88 and 0.82 respectively. Mean Waist Height Ratio (WHtR) for boys and girls was 0.45 and 0.43 respectively. Mean Triceps Skin Fold Thickness (TSFT) for boys and girls was 5.47 mm and 6.31 mm respectively. 25% of children with systolic prehypertension were overweight, 6.66% were obese. 37.2% of children with diastolic prehypertension were overweight, 16.27% were obese. 32.7% of children with systolic stage 1 hypertension were overweight, 20% were obese. 47.05% of children with diastolic stage 1 hypertension were overweight, 26.47% were obese. 37.1% of children with Systolic stage 2 hypertension were overweight, 37.14% were obese. 30.76% of children with diastolic stage 2 hypertension were overweight, 23.07% were obese. The prevalence of both systolic and diastolic hypertension increased curvilinearly with increasing WHR, WHtR and TSFT. WHR at the cutoff of 0.85 revealed a sensitivity of 60 % and specificity of 53%. Positive predictive value was 11.4% and negative predictive value was 92.9%. WHtR at the cutoff of 0.45 showed a sensitivity of 76.7 % and specificity of 70%. Positive predictive value was 20.5% and negative predictive value was 96.7%. TSFT at the cutoff of 9 mm had a sensitivity of 73.3 % and specificity of 84.3%. Positive predictive value was 32% and negative predictive value was 96.9%.Conclusions: BMI, WHR, WHtR and TSFT had a strong positive correlation with systolic & diastolic blood pressure. WHtR was more sensitive and TSFT was more specific in detecting hypertension. As a predictor of hypertensiom, TSFT was the most useful single parameter in our study.","PeriodicalId":13848,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"85-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76703445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A clinico-hematological study of 95 cases of pancytopenia in a tertiary care hospital in India","authors":"S. Sangwan, D. Kansal","doi":"10.7439/IJBAR.V9I3.4718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBAR.V9I3.4718","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Pancytopenia is defined as the simultaneous existence of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. It is not an uncommon clinico-hematological entity and such cases are encountered in our day-to-day clinical practice. Knowing the underlying pathology and determining its severity are the key to its appropriate management. The aim of this study was to obtain detailed clinical and hematological spectrum of the common pathological conditions producing pancytopenia and to determine the frequency of the various etiological factors. Material and methods: It was a prospective study and 95pancytopenic patients were evaluated clinically along with haematological parameters in Central Laboratory, Department of pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Jaipur from a period of September 2015 to September 2017. Results: A total of 95 patients were evaluated and the etiological factors were as follows: Megaloblastic anemia (71.6%), aplastic anemia (6.3%), hypersplenism (4.2%), connective tissue disorders (3%), infections (3%), subleukemic leukemia (3%), malaria (1%), multiple myeloma (1%), dengue (1%) and myelodysplastic syndrome (1%). Conclusion: The present study on pancytopenia concludes that detailed hematological investigations and relevant hematological assays provide invaluable information in the evaluation of pancytopenic patients which further helps in systematic planning of the management of the case. In our study the most common cause of pancytopeniain India is megaloblastic anemia, seen in 71.5% of the cases. Thus, a large proportion of pancytopenia cases are treatable and the etiology causing them is reversible.","PeriodicalId":13848,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","volume":"163 1","pages":"112-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75850918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prospective study of association of deranged liver function tests and renal function tests with severity of preeclampsia","authors":"Lata Rajoria, S. Yadav, J. Vyas, S. Hemani, Aditi Bansal","doi":"10.7439/IJBAR.V9I3.4700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBAR.V9I3.4700","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertensive disorders represent the most common complication of pregnancy affecting 7 to 15% of all gestations. Amongst these, preeclampsia accounts for 5-7 percent of all pregnancies. Even after considerable research, the cause for preeclampsia remains unclear and there are no useful screening tests in early diagnosis of preeclampsia. The aim of the study was to see the association of deranged liver function tests and renal function tests with severity of preeclampsia.This is a hospital based prospective study and was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMS medical college, Jaipur from April 2016 to November to find association of deranged liver function tests and renal function tests with severity of preeclampsia. After the informed consent, total 250 women of more than 20 weeks and more than +1 dipstick urine protein were included in this study. Preeclampsia is seen more frequently in nulliparous women than in multiparous women. This study show SGOT and SGPT had a mean value of   60.76u/l ± 22.63 and 62.47 u/l ± 22.36 respectively. Similarly serum creatinine and serum uric acid mean values were 0.58mg/dl± 0.20 and 4.82 mg/dl ± 1.08 respectively. This indicates that women with mild preeclampsia had a relatively stable liver and renal function.  In this SGOT and SGPT had a mean value of   120.76u/l ± 22.63 and 128.47 u/l ± 22.36 respectively. Similarly serum creatinine and serum uric acid mean values were 2.4mg/dl± 0.20 and 10.56 mg/dl ± 1.08 respectively. This indicates that women with severe preeclampsia had a unstable liver and renal function.  Liver and renal involvement is common in preeclampsia and eclampsia. These can be taken as predictors of the disease, asses its severity and manage the patients timely. This can help to reduce the maternal and foetal morbidity to a great extent.","PeriodicalId":13848,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"100-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82428188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of cardiovascular abnormalities in newly diagnosed HIV infected children","authors":"R. Nevgi, Y. Gabhale, A. Jain, N. Shah, M. Manglani","doi":"10.7439/IJBAR.V9I3.4709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBAR.V9I3.4709","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children infected with HIV may develop a wide range of cardiovascular abnormalities, some of which are known to be associated with poor survival. With advances in the management of HIV patients, not only survival has increased but manifestations of late stage HIV infection are encountered more often including cardiovascular complications. Aims: The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and nature of cardiovascular abnormalities in newly diagnosed HIV infected children. Method: In this prospective, observational study, total 86 newly diagnosed HIV infected children, having age below 15 years and who were attending the PCOE at tertiary care institute were included in the study. All these recruited patients were subjected to chest radiograph, electrocardiography and 2D- echocardiography. Results: There were six (7%) children with abnormal cardiovascular examination in form of tachycardia, tachypnea, increased precordial activity or murmur. Abnormal findings on chest radiograph were seen in 27 patients. Eight patients had right ventricular strain pattern and 3 patients had incomplete bundle branch block on electrocardiograph. On 2D echocardiography only 2 patients had thin rim of pericardial effusion. There was no significant correlation between these findings and clinical and immunological stage of patients. In patients with low CD4 counts or advanced stage there are higher chances of detecting a cardiovascular problem. Conclusion: The study concluded that it is not cost effective to investigate for cardiovascular abnormalities in all newly diagnosed children at the onset. It can be done based on clinical examination, CD4 counts, stage of patients, and on follow up.","PeriodicalId":13848,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","volume":"308 1","pages":"103-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76505405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total laparoscopic hysterectomy versus vaginal hysterectomy: A comparative study","authors":"Aditi Phulpagar","doi":"10.7439/IJBAR.V9I3.4726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBAR.V9I3.4726","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is now emerging as a safe procedure even in patients suitable for vaginal hysterectomy (VH) due to its advantages like better visualization, less post-operative pain and shorter hospital stay. The present study was carried out to compare the TLH and VH with respect to duration of surgery, intra and postoperative complications, hospital stay and post-operative analgesia requirement. Methods: Patients undergoing both the types of hysterectomy i.e. TLH and VH during January 2017 to December 2017 at KB Bhabha Hospital, Mumbai were included in the study. Patients with suspected genital malignancy and uterine prolapsed were excluded. Baseline characteristics, intra and post-operative parameters like duration of surgery, complications, post-operative analgesic dosage and hospital stay were recorded and compared between the two surgeries. Results: The mean time taken to perform TLH was significantly longer i.e. 100.21 minutes compared with VH, i.e. 80.16 minutes (p <0.0001). But the mean duration of hospital stay was shorter for the women undergoing TLH i.e. 3.2 days as opposed to 5.15 days in women undergoing VH (p<0.0001). The mean post-operative analgesia requirement was more in women undergoing VH (1.87) than those undergoing TLH (mean 1.01). There was no statistically significant difference observed between two groups with respect to rate of complications. Conclusions: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy, notwithstanding its learning curve, is as safe as vaginal hysterectomy.","PeriodicalId":13848,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"121-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78546132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of Prolactin gene in Japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)","authors":"F. Eichie","doi":"10.7439/IJBAR.V9I3.4602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBAR.V9I3.4602","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to investigate the genetic diversity of prolactin gene (PRL gene) in Japanese quails using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) marker. One hundred and thirty nine quails were sampled for PRL loci analysis. DNA was extracted from the samples. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis was used to characterize a 24 base pair (bp) insertion/deletion in a 358 bp PCR product. Test for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium were carried out. From the results, two alleles A (0.63) and B (0.37) and three genotypes AA, AB and BB were observed from this locus. Results of the study showed that genetic variability exists in the study population of Japanese quails in Nigeria and its segregation could be assessed for reproductive capacity","PeriodicalId":13848,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"96-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73700823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C-Reactive Proteins as diagnostic and prognostic indicator in neonatal sepsis","authors":"Swati M. Bapat","doi":"10.7439/ijbar.v9i3.4719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/ijbar.v9i3.4719","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many biomarkers have been proposed and assessed clinically to optimize the survival rates in septic patients, but none alone is specific enough to definitively determine diagnosis. The present study was undertaken to assess the role of C-reactive proteins ( CRP) as a promising marker in diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and also determine the utility of CRP as a prognostic indicator in neonatal sepsis. Methods: The study was conducted in 200 neonates admitted in NICU who fulfilled criteria of neonatal sepsis as per guidelines of National Neonatology Forum over a period of 2 years. Detection of CRP in human serum was done by the rapid slide latex agglutination qualitative method with cut off value of CRP being 6mg/dl. Result: CRP was positive in 71.60% and negative in 28.4% of babies on day 1 of admission. All the cases were followed subsequently with starting of empirical antibiotics therapy and CRP repeated on day 5 and day 10 / or on discharge. It showed that CRP positivity decreased over these periods to 10%. Negative predictive value of Serial CRP increases from 41% on day 1 to 96% on day 10 / or on discharge, which signifies that serial CRP value rules out sepsis with high accuracy and helpful in deciding duration of antibiotics in neonatal sepsis. Sensitivity of Serial CRP increases from 35% on day 1 to 59% on day10 / or on discharge which was significant. Mean duration of antibiotics on the basis of serial CRP values in neonates was reduced from 13 days in non-study group to 8 days, which was significant. Conclusion: The serial CRP measurement is a good indicator for discontinuing antibiotic therapy in neonates with suspected sepsis and a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker in neonatal sepsis.","PeriodicalId":13848,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"117-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74507817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomized study of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin with and without PEG interferon alpha 2b in treatment of hepatitis C genotype 3 infection: Real life data from a Tertiary Care Center","authors":"A. Tiwari, Gaurav Garg, Deepika Chaturvedi, A. Srivasatava","doi":"10.7439/ijbar.v9i3.4673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/ijbar.v9i3.4673","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim- Sofosbuvir, a polymerase inhibitor is pangenotypic directly acting antiviral for hepatitis C. In this study we evaluate two sofosbuvir containing regimens with or without pegylated interferon (PEGIFN) in patients with chronic hepatitis or compensated cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C genotype 3 infections.Methods- It was a prospective, single centre, randomized open label study. Thirty nine patients were randomized into two groups: sofosbuvir plus ribavirin with (A) and without (B) PEGIFN alpha 2b for 12 and 24 weeks respectively. Patients with contraindications and treatment experience were excluded. Primary end points were end of treatment response (ETR) and sustained virological response at 12 weeks (SVR12). Rates of adverse effects were secondary end point.Results- Baseline characteristics in both groups were comparable. Two patients in group B did not complete therapy and excluded from analysis. ETR and SVR12 rate in group A were 100 % and in group B were 89.4 % showing 100% concordance between ETR and SVR12 in either group. Non-specific adverse effects were more frequent in group A than group B (94.4 versus 79%). Rates of hemoglobin decrease, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were 100, 17 and 44.4% in group A and 94, 0 and 15.8% in group B respectively.Conclusion- Addition of PEGIFN to sofosbuvir and ribavirin achieves higher ETR and SVR12 and reduces duration of therapy. PEG-IFN based treatment leads to higher hematological as well as non hematological side effects but these are mild and easily manageable during 12 weeks treatment.","PeriodicalId":13848,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"91-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84815649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}