International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of epidural Ropivacaine 0.75% and Ropivacaine 0.75% Plus Buprenorphine (0.5 ml) for total knee replacement surgery","authors":"Deepa Bulchandani, D. Sahu, Reena Parampil","doi":"10.7439/IJBAR.V8I6.4259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBAR.V8I6.4259","url":null,"abstract":"Aim and Objectives: To assess the comparison between ropivacaine and combination of ropivacaine with buprenorphine in terms of onset and duration of analgesia, cardiorespiratory effects, side effects and post-operative analgesia. Methods: Total 60 adult patients of either sex, ASA grade I - II, schedule for total knee replacement surgery were enrolled in the study and randomized into two groups. Group R: received 14.5ml of 0.75% plain Ropivacaine + 0.5ml Normal saline (NS) making volume 15ml. Group RB: received 14.5ml of 0.75% plain Ropivacaine + Buprenorphine 150 mics (0.5ml) making volume 15ml. Onset of sensory-motor block, hemodynamic variables (HR, SBP, DPB, MAP, RR), duration of analgesia were recorded. Results: The onset of sensory blockade was earlier in group R as compared to in group RB. The motor onset time was similar in both the groups. The mean hemodynamic parameters were comparable in both the groups. Duration of analgesia was prolonged in group RB as compared to group R. Group RB had more incidences of post-op vomiting (36.67%) and pruritus (3.3%) as compared to group R. Conclusion: The addition of buprenorphine to epidural ropivacaine is a well tolerated, effective method for epidural anesthesia in patients undergoing unilateral total knee replacement surgery.","PeriodicalId":13848,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"244-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87564778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of muscle strength and endurance of the distal skeletal muscles of the upper limb in patients with COPD with age and gender matched healthy control","authors":"R. Ronghe, Dr.Neha Gotmare","doi":"10.7439/IJBAR.V8I6.4204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBAR.V8I6.4204","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways and lung parenchyma associated with airway narrowing, alveolar wall destruction and systemic hypoxaemia. There is dysfunction of peripheral skeletal muscles on exercise capacity in patients with COPD was first suggested by Killian & coworkers. Objective: To compare strength and endurance using dynamometer in normal and COPD patients. Method: Cross sectional, comparative, convenient sampling-50 COPD & 50 control. Inclusion: Age 40-70 years, both genders. Exclusion: any musculoskeletal, cardio-respiratory, and neurological diseases. Patients referred from respiratory OPD, diagnosed and PFT done. Strength testing done with subject holding dynamometer in dominant hand in sitting position with arm by the side. Elbow flexed to 90 O . Handgrip muscle strength was recorded in kgs as indicated by the pointer on dynamometer i.e. maximum deflection. 3 recordings with gap of 2 min. taken and maximum value noted. The endurance was measured by asking the subject to maintain their grip on the dynamometer at 1/3 rd of their max strength. The duration for which they maintained the grip strength was noted in seconds. 2 recordings with a gap of 5 min. taken maximum value were noted. Data collected and statistical analysis done. Result : The strength and endurance was significantly reduced in COPD patients i.e. the strength was 14.884.448kg as compared to normal 22.0+4.354kg. Endurance was 22.56+10.94sec. in COPD as compared to 48.7415.700 sec. in normals Conclusion : The study concluded that there is significant reduction in handgrip strength and handgrip endurance in COPD patients as compared to age and gender matched normal subjects.","PeriodicalId":13848,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"239-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81205755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dried tube specimens: A tool to ensure effective proficiency testing & quality control of Hepatitis B virus diagnosis in developing countries","authors":"S. Mendiratta, Charu Mehra Kamal, Suneete Sharma, Reba Chhabra, Surinder Singh","doi":"10.7439/IJBAR.V8I6.4194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBAR.V8I6.4194","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Proficiency testing (PT) is a key component of Quality assurance to evaluate the laboratory performance. Although HBV testing has rapidly expanded worldwide, but in resource limited settings (RLS) like India there is still a lacunae in PT programs to monitor and improve the quality of testing. Conventional PT programs use serum or plasma specimens that require strict settings for storage and transportation. Thus the aim was to standardize dried tube specimens (DTS) technique for stability studies of HBV specimens as has been done for PT programs in HIV-EQAS. Methods: Dried tube specimens, an unusual, simple and easy to use technique, were standardized that can help assessing the quality of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) testing in RLS. DTS were prepared by drying 30l of samples mixed with 0.1% of green dye, left overnight at room temperature. The DTS were rehydrated with 250l of PBSTween buffer before testing. Twenty DTS samples (09 HBV positive and 11 negative) were used for performing ELISA and rapid tests at weekly interval for Dried tube specimens stored at 4C, 25C, 37C & 45C. Results: Stability studies showed that HBsAg in the DTS specimens were stable upto 28 days at temperature 4C, 25C, 37C & 45C. We observed consistent and expected results for all the DTS samples by ELISA and rapid tests for the different durations and temperatures. No difference in the qualitative nature of the HBV reactive and non-reactive samples were observed for Dried tube specimens over 28 days duration and stored at 4C, 25C, 37C & 45C temperatures. However, a decline in HBsAg levels were observed after four weeks (28days) for a few specimens stored at 45C. Conclusion: Stability results of this preliminary study indicate that the reactivity status was unchanged and maintained for HBV plasma samples upto 28 days at temperatures (4C, 25C 37C& 45C) in the dried tube specimens. Further we found DTS is an easy and simple method to prepare and transport quality control specimens for effective implementation of PT programs to monitor HBV testing in India.","PeriodicalId":13848,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"233-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83516356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Association betweenEarly Exposure to Infant-feeding formulas and Type 1 Diabetes among Children","authors":"T. Yahaya, E. Oladele, J. Umar","doi":"10.7439/IJBAR.V8I5.4047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBAR.V8I5.4047","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing incidenceof type 1 diabetes among children calls for a thorough understanding of the disease to stem its growth. Early exposure to infant-feeding formulas has been linked with the disease and several mechanisms of action have been proposed. However, it is unclear the exact mechanism by which infant-formulas aid in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. This paper reviewed and articulated several hypotheses proposed as the mechanisms of action of infant formulas in the onset of type 1 diabetes. The Google search engine was used to search for relevant information on the internet from reputable sources such as PubMed, Google Scholar, among others.The majority of the studies reviewed overwhelmingly agreed early exposure to infant-feeding formulas may contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes among children. Cow milk, for example, contains bovine insulin, which differs from human insulin with 3 amino acids, and can cause immune reactions in children. Gluten-containing diets such as wheat may cause proportional changes in immune cell populations or modify the cytokine/chemokine pattern towards an inflammatory profile. Concentrated soy-based formulas contain active estrogenic endocrine disruptors. Fruits, berries and roots may be infected with toxic antibiotics, which can start off autoimmunity. Nursing moms are therefore advised to breastfeedtheir babies for a long time before introducing infant-feeding formulas, especially those with a family with a history of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":13848,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"189-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85306593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Metalloproteinases (PAPP-A and MMP-9) in first trimester prediction of pregnancy hypertension","authors":"Karuna Sharma, Ritu Singh, V. Rohil, Manisha Kumar, U. Gupta, M. Rahman, J. Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.7439/IJBAR.V8I5.4127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBAR.V8I5.4127","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pregnancy hypertension is reported to affect 2-12% women in India. Currently available diagnostic criteria is applicable after 20 th weeks of gestation, this delayed diagnosis is the possible cause of the associated adverse obstetrics outcomes, which can be minimized by early detection. In this study the role of MMP-9 and PAPP-A was assessed in the first trimester (11 +0 -13 + 6 ) for early prediction of pregnancy hypertension. Methodology: This study was a part of ongoing project of first trimester preeclampsia screening. In that project 2000 women were screened. Samples were taken in first trimester and women were followed till delivery. Out of 2000 women, 199 developed Gestational Hypertension, 1454 remained normotensive till term and remaining 347 were excluded. In the present study we have included 199 women who developed hypertension and 199 controls, who were normotensive till term (selected from cohort of 1454 women who were normotensive). Results: The first trimester serum levels of PAPP-A (p<0.001) and MMP-9 (0.039) were significantly low in women who developed hypertension as compared to women who were normotensive till term. A significant positive correlation (p=0.03) was observed between MMP-9 and PAPP-A. The Combined sensitivity, specificity and Positive predictive value (PPV) of PAPP-A and MMP-9 was found to be 74.5%, 70.2% and 75% respectively. Conclusion: Inadequate expression of PAPP-A and MMP-9 may result in incomplete or poor trophoblast invasion and subsequent complication of pregnancy hypertension. In our population we have found that first trimester assessment of PAPP-A and MMP-9 may potentially predict pregnancy hypertension.","PeriodicalId":13848,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"212-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82023661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health profile of elderly in urban slums of Cuttack city, ODISHA","authors":"A. Mishra","doi":"10.7439/IJBAR.V8I5.4128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBAR.V8I5.4128","url":null,"abstract":"Ageing is a natural process. In the words of Seneca Old age is an incurable disease, but more recently Sir James Sterling Ross commented, You do not heal old age you protect it: you promote it; you extend it. The global share of older people (aged 60 years or over) increased from 9.2 per cent in 1990 to 10.4 per cent in 2005 and will continue to grow as a proportion of the world population, reaching 21.7 per cent by 2050. In India, though percentage wise graying is not very rapid, but due to its mammoth size planning for the elderly is a huge challenge for the policy makers. This study is a prospective cross sectional study design conducted in slums of Cuttack city for 6 months. The sampled population (384) is divided in to three categories as per division of age i.e, 60-64 yrs, 65-74 yrs and ?75 yrs. Medical problems, psychological problems and other problems are being assessed through administered study questions. In the age group of 60-64yrs Hypertension is the major health problem present in 87 (51%) respondents. Next to hypertension 76 (48%) individuals have reported to be suffering from Diabetes","PeriodicalId":13848,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"217-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90962261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical study on the various therapeutic approaches towards the management of hepatic abscess in adults","authors":"FA Ali, R. Jayaraj, D. Rao, Mohammed Ali, K. Avinash, L. Raksha, A. P. Rao, M. Rakshith, Pooja Jain","doi":"10.7439/IJBAR.V8I5.3997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBAR.V8I5.3997","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Hepatic abscess is a very common and significant health condition in developing countries including India. Alcohol consumption is one of the most important predisposing factors in causation of hepatic abscess followed by uncontrolled diabetes and immunosuppression. The aim of this study was to device a definitive protocol in the management of patients with liver abscess and to evaluate the different treatment option of liver abscess, amoebic or pyogenic in order to have some guidelines in our setting Material and methods: A hospital based prospective study was conducted between August 2014 to September 2016 in Bangalore medical and research institute (Victoria hospital and Bowring & Lady Curzon Hospital), Bangalore. The following study was done in a set of 50 patients diagnosed with liver abscess admitted in our hospital. After confirming the diagnosis, patients were exposed to different treatment modalities which consisted of medical management alone, USG guided Aspiration, Pigtail catheterization and exploratory laparotomy. Results: In our study majority of the patients (84%) were of amoebic liver abscess (ALA) and only 16% were of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). Out of 50 patients 8 patients responded to drug therapy alone, 40 patients underwent ultrasound-guided aspiration and pigtail catheter placement and 2 patients were treated with CT guided aspiration. Open surgical method was excluded in our study. Conclusion: Image guided drainage is the best modality of treatment for liver abscess size >4cm in both pyogenic and amoebic liver abscess however in small size abscess medical management is equally good. Abscess cavity resolves better and has a lower recurrence rate in case of percutaneous catheter drainage than percutaneous needle aspiration.. Mortality was not observed in our series. Prompt diagnosis, aggressive medical treatment along with minimal intervention can keep the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition to a bare minimum.","PeriodicalId":13848,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"199-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78212799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedation during spinal anaesthesia : A comparison between Dexmedetomidine and midazolam infusion.","authors":"K. Savant, H. Patel, V. Patel","doi":"10.7439/IJBAR.V8I5.4183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBAR.V8I5.4183","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study the effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion and compare it with intravenous midazolam infusion during spinal anaesthesia (S/A) with regards to effect on psychomotor performance, memory and any side effect. Materials Methods: A prospective randomized double blind study was conducted on 60 patients of ASA I to III, scheduled for lower abdominal or lower limb surgery under S/A. All patients were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each; randomization was done by computer generated random numbers. In Group D, dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg and In Group M, midazolam 0.04 mg/kg basal infusion for 10 min then S/A was given with hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.5%). After achieving required level of S/A; position given and then infusion of inj. Dexmedetomidine 0.5µg/kg/hr in group D and Inj. Midazolam 0.04mg/kg/hr by infusion started. Both psychomotor and memory test were performed before study drug infusion and after 1 and 4 hour of stoppage of infusion. Results: Thus, in both the groups, psychomotor performance was not significantly changed as compared to baseline at 1 hour and 4 hour after stoppage of infusion. There was significantly decreased in recall of picture, after 1 hour of study drug infusion in both the groups (anterograde amnesia); which was regained at 1 hour after stoppage of infusion. The mean time required to achieved sedation score (RSS) of 3 were statistically significant shorter in group D as compared to in group M (P 0.05). Conclusion: Thus, we conclude that, Dexmedetomidine provide rapid onset of arousable sedation without causing respiratory and cardiovascular depression. It provides anterograde amnesia with rapid recovery of psychomotor function.","PeriodicalId":13848,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","volume":"147 1","pages":"228-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77468739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasitemia and its relation to blood indices and liver function among malarial patients","authors":"D. Agnihotri, K. Soni","doi":"10.7439/IJBAR.V8I5.4151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBAR.V8I5.4151","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Objective of the study is to observe effects of Parasitemia on blood indices and liver function among malarial patients. Material & Method: A total of 67 malarial patients attending the OPD were enrolled as test subjects. Venus blood was collected. Malarial parasite density was determined in various blood smears and analyzed for blood indices- Hb, PCV, total WBC, lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets, AST, ALT, ALP, total and direct bilirubin . Result & Discussion: There were significant decreases in the mean values of the hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leucocyte counts (t WBC), lymphocytes and platelets. Neutrophils were significantly higher in patients with falciparummalaria in comparison to healthy subjects. There were significant increases in the mean activity enzyme values of AST, ALT, ALP and serum total and directbilirubin. The present study reports a significant increase in neutrophil level of individuals infected with P falciparum as compared to healthy subjects. Conclusion: Haemoglobin, platelet count, lymphocyte level, total WBC and neutrophil level were seen associated with mild, moderate and severe parasitaemia infection. Acute falciparum malaria infection is associated with an increase in serum activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase thus indicating that the infection is associated with acute liver injury.","PeriodicalId":13848,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","volume":"48 2 1","pages":"222-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80747510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between exfoliative cytology and histopathology in laryngeal cancers - A descriptive study","authors":"P. Ajayan, S. Ramesh, A. Jacob","doi":"10.7439/IJBAR.V8I5.4181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBAR.V8I5.4181","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study was done to evaluate the correlation between exfoliative cytology and histopathology in laryngeal malignancies. Methods: 50 patients with suspected laryngeal malignancies who attended the outpatient department of a rural medical college for a period of one year were selected for the study. All the patients were subjected to direct laryngoscopy and biopsy and the specimen was simultaneously subjected to exfoliative cytological examination and histopathological examination. Cytological examination results were obtained in 24 hours while histopathological examination results took an average of one week to be obtained. Both results were compared to find out the extend correlation between the two. Results: Histopathological examination was set as the gold standard in the study. In the 47 proven cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 33 (70.21%) were positive for cytology also. Specificity was found to be 100%. Of the 25 cases of histopathologically proved poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, cytology was positive in 23 cases(92% diagnostic accuracy), whereas in 19 cases of moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinomas,only10 were cytologically positive(52.6% diagnostic accuracy). Conclusion: Exfoliative cytology is a simple, rapid and fairly accurate diagnostic method to for laryngeal carcinoma and its diagnostic accuracy is best in poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas.","PeriodicalId":13848,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","volume":"13 6","pages":"195-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91429730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}