International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics最新文献

{"title":"Elastoplastic Analysis of Tunnels Using the Energy‐Based Physics‐Encoded Deep Learning Framework","authors":"Xiaoping Zhou,Jianxiang Ma","doi":"10.1002/nag.70417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70417","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As an innovative deep learning method, physics‐informed neural networks (PINNs) have shown remarkable success across diverse science and engineering domains. However, employing physics‐informed neural networks to solve problems in geotechnical engineering, especially those involving elastoplastic mechanical behaviors, has significant challenges due to the intricate and nonlinear characteristics of geomaterials. In this work, the novel energy‐based physics‐encoded neural networks are proposed to investigate the elastoplastic mechanical responses of tunnels. The proposed deep learning method employs potential energy as the physics‐encoded loss function of the neural networks, which accelerates the training efficiency of neural networks by avoiding the use for residual‐based loss function expressed in strong form partial differential equations. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we analyze the impact of activation functions and optimizers on network training and conduct a numerical analysis of a classic example with a closed‐form solution. Finally, we extend it to the excavation of small‐interval tunnel. This research contributes to improving the training efficiency of physics‐informed neural networks, and opens up new possibilities for leveraging deep learning in geotechnical engineering.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148932792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Axisymmetric Consolidation Around Jacked Piles Considering Permeability Reduction in the Disturbed Soil Zone","authors":"Zongqin Wang,&nbsp;Anfeng Hu,&nbsp;Xin Liang,&nbsp;Mengfan Zong,&nbsp;Pietro Marveggio,&nbsp;Gabriele Della Vecchia","doi":"10.1002/nag.70387","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.70387","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The installation of jacked piles inevitably disturbs the surrounding soil, leading to a significant reduction in its radial permeability, which in turn retards the dissipation of excess pore water pressure. This study develops an enhanced axisymmetric consolidation theory that explicitly incorporates this installation-induced disturbance. The soil around the pile is conceptually divided into a disturbed zone and an undisturbed zone, with three distinct modes of permeability variation within the disturbed zone being investigated, namely Pattern A (linear decay), Pattern B (nonlinear decay, modeled as a quadratic function), and Pattern C (abrupt decay). The governing partial differential equations are solved using an alternating implicit finite difference scheme to obtain the distribution in space and time of excess pore water pressure. The proposed numerical results are validated through comparisons with existing theoretical solutions and field measurements. A key finding reveals that Pattern A and Pattern B provide the closest agreement with in-situ data, while Pattern C model overestimates the disturbance effect and shows a significant deviation from field observations, highlighting the importance of a realistically transition in permeability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 15","pages":"5447-5461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Climate Warming on the Coupled Water-Heat-Vapor-Carbon Processes in Permafrost Regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A Study Driven by Multiple Meteorological Data","authors":"Haotian Wei,&nbsp;Enlong Liu,&nbsp;Mingli Zhang,&nbsp;Chuan He,&nbsp;Bingtang Song,&nbsp;Dan Wang,&nbsp;Jian Kang,&nbsp;Qiong Li","doi":"10.1002/nag.70404","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.70404","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate warming is accelerating the decomposition of organic carbon and the release of greenhouse gases in permafrost regions, potentially creating a positive feedback effect that could further exacerbate climate change. However, the comprehensive effects of rising air temperatures on heat and moisture transfer, organic carbon decomposition, and carbon dioxide transport processes in permafrost regions remain poorly understood. This study introduces a novel coupled water-heat-vapor-carbon model based on surface energy balance theory to systematically analyze the effects of rising air temperatures on soil temperature, moisture content, and soil organic carbon in permafrost regions. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) As air temperatures rise, surface net radiation, latent heat of evaporation, and soil heat flux increase, while sensible heat flux decreases; and (2) the rise in air temperature impacts the water and heat transport processes in the soil. As air temperatures increase, the liquid water flux decreases, while the water vapor flux increases. Additionally, heat transfer in the soil is enhanced with rising air temperatures; and (3) the increase in air temperature significantly enhances the transport of CO₂ in the soil, with both gaseous and liquid CO₂ diffusion fluxes increasing; and (4) rising air temperatures accelerate the decomposition of soil organic carbon in permafrost regions. However, the effect of air temperature fluctuations on soil organic carbon diminishes with increasing soil depth.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 15","pages":"5612-5631"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148633926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micromechanical Analysis of Stress and Strength for Wet Granular Materials in Pendular State Based on Thermodynamics and DEM Simulations","authors":"Jianqiu Tian,&nbsp;Weizhong Chen,&nbsp;Enlong Liu,&nbsp;Youlian Yang,&nbsp;Mingxing Liu","doi":"10.1002/nag.70397","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.70397","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The stress and strength criterion in wet granular materials are derived on the basis of thermodynamics and discussed from micromechanics. The total stress expression is obtained from the energy relation between the discrete particle system and its equivalent continuum system, and then the effective stress tensor is obtained considering the thermodynamic conjugates to the strain tensor. The strength criterion at macroscale is rigorously deduced from the Coulomb-type strength criterion at inter-particle contacts based on thermodynamics-based frameworks at macroscale and microscale. Furthermore, numerical simulations providing full access to micromechanical information are conducted using the discrete element method (DEM), which are used to discuss the stress and strength criterion in the pendular state: the total stress expression is validated with the aid of DEM; the capillary stress is controlled by both of water-solid interfaces and air-water-solid contact lines on the matric suction 20 kPa, while on the matric suction 100 or 700 kPa the capillary stress is mainly controlled by water-solid interfaces; the effective stress has enough micromechanical information to lead to a unique response that intrinsically belongs to the dry state; the frictional coefficient of strength criterion obtained from DEM is larger than the inter-particle frictional coefficient and smaller than the upper limit value which supports the validity of the upper limit value derived from thermodynamics-based approach.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 15","pages":"5431-5446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Capillary Stress Model for a Proper Effective Stress in Unsaturated Soils","authors":"C. Pereira,&nbsp;J. R. Maranha,&nbsp;R. Cardoso","doi":"10.1002/nag.70385","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.70385","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper presents a new framework to reproduce the behaviour of unsaturated soils based on the effective stress concept in the original sense of Terzaghi. The solid skeleton constitutive models are only directly dependent on the effective stress tensor and not the suction or the degree of saturation. The proposed framework incorporates a solid skeleton constitutive model, a soil-water retention model and a new non-monotonic capillary stress model, supported by experimental evidence, showing the viability of using a proper effective stress framework to reproduce unsaturated soil response. An isotropic capillary stress model (CAPSM) is proposed that includes the main characteristics of the capillary stress in regular sphere arrangements. It is a function of the degree of saturation, incorporating hysteretic behaviour between drying and wetting paths and dependence on specific volume. Using the original effective stress concept, together with the proposed capillary stress model and advanced solid skeleton constitutive models, several complex unsaturated laboratory tests are simulated, accurately reproducing diverse relevant aspects of the unsaturated soil's behaviour. The main conclusions are that an effective stress in the original sense can be defined for unsaturated soils and, with an adequate effective stress model, there is no need to modify the solid skeleton constitutive models (which can be formulated, updated and calibrated independently for saturated conditions) by introducing a direct dependence of model parameters on suction or degree of saturation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 15","pages":"5479-5506"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148564688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Solutions for a Coupled Hydro‐Mechanical‐Chemical Model Under Exponentially Decaying Concentration Boundary Conditions","authors":"Jinbo Liang, Zhihong Zhang, Lin Han, Jinkun Huang, Xixin Lu, Rencai Jin","doi":"10.1002/nag.70443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70443","url":null,"abstract":"In active landfills, contaminant concentrations in leachate are time‐dependent. They vary with waste degradation and leaching processes rather than remaining constant throughout the landfill service life. However, most analytical solutions for fully coupled hydro‐mechanical‐chemical (HMC) models commonly assume a constant upper boundary concentration. This assumption limits their ability to describe the temporal attenuation of contaminant source strength. This study derives analytical solutions for a fully coupled HMC model of contaminant transport in clay liners under exponentially decaying concentration boundary conditions. The derivation combines boundary homogenization, eigenfunction expansion in a finite domain, Laplace transformation, and matrix exponential solution of the modal equations. The solutions evaluate the effects of the source decay coefficient <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> , initial upper boundary concentration <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> , hydraulic conductivity <jats:italic>k</jats:italic> <jats:sub>h</jats:sub> , chemico‐osmotic efficiency coefficient <jats:italic>ω</jats:italic> , and boundary formulation on coupled transport behavior. Results show that the exponentially decaying boundary reduces long‐term overestimation of contaminant transport potential compared with the constant concentration boundary. Increasing λ from 0.025 to 0.05 year <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> delays breakthrough by 3.17 years. The initial upper boundary concentration mainly controls concentration level and migration depth, with limited influence on relative concentration at the liner base. Increasing <jats:italic>k</jats:italic> <jats:sub>h</jats:sub> promotes downward contaminant migration and shortens breakthrough time. Increasing <jats:italic>ω</jats:italic> increases the magnitude of negative pore water pressure and settlement while slowing contaminant migration and delaying breakthrough. The single‐exponential decay boundary reaches the breakthrough criterion at 42.21 years, whereas the double‐exponential decay boundary does not reach breakthrough within 50 years. Neglecting source attenuation may underestimate the actual barrier performance of clay liners.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148915630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Wall Deformations for Deep Excavations Influenced by Confined Aquifer in Soft Deposits","authors":"Qi‐Zhang Xiao, Liang Zhen, Ming‐Guang Li, Jin‐Jian Chen","doi":"10.1002/nag.70442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70442","url":null,"abstract":"In coastal soft clay regions, confined aquifer hinders dissipation of pore water pressure at the bottom of the aquitard during excavation, reducing vertical effective stress in deeper layers. To accurately predict wall deformations in deep excavations, it is crucial to consider the impact of groundwater within the excavation zone. This study proposes a simplified beam spring method incorporating pore water pressure and nonlinear variations of subgrade reaction modulus. By combining the continuous drainage boundary with Melan's solution, a novel approach for determining the subgrade reaction modulus considering pore water pressure is derived. Furthermore, new incremental loads and modulus evolution are introduced into the beam spring method. The validity of the proposed method is verified through two excavation cases. A comparative analysis between calculated results and field data reveals that confined aquifer yields a low vertical effective stress at the bottom of the aquitard during deep excavation. The subgrade reaction modulus exhibits an increase‐decrease‐increase trend with depth, forming an R‐shaped distribution. Incorporating the effects of confined aquifer and soil nonlinearity on the subgrade reaction modulus during the design process can more effectively mitigate excavation risks and reduce construction costs.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148915609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Method for Predicting Shield Tunnel Deformation Induced by Tunnelling Considering Circumferential Joints","authors":"Hualin Zhang, Wenbing Wu, M. Hesham El Naggar, Rongzhu Liang, Ahmed Altaib Hussain Suliman Hussain, Wei Huang, Liang Huang","doi":"10.1002/nag.70437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70437","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel analytical method for predicting the deformation of existing tunnels, incorporating both the weakening effect of circumferential joints and the three‐dimensional under‐crossing effect of shield tunnelling. The model is established using the coordinate‐transformed Mindlin solution and the Loganathan solution to convert the forces generated during shield construction into additional stresses acting on the existing tunnel. Rotational and shear springs are introduced to simulate the mechanical behavior of the circumferential joints. The proposed method is validated through two engineering case studies and compared with conventional analytical methods, demonstrating high accuracy in predicting the longitudinal deformation response of existing tunnels under under‐crossing tunnelling. Furthermore, the study investigates the influence of key parameters—including friction force, grouting pressure, ground loss rate, intersection angle, and the rotational and shear stiffness of circumferential joints—on the deformation of both segmental rings and circumferential joints.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148915614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Open Database of Lunar Regolith and Simulants Properties","authors":"Léonie Gasteiner, Naomi Murdoch, Olfa D'Angelo","doi":"10.1002/nag.70432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70432","url":null,"abstract":"Lunar regolith, the layer of unconsolidated material covering the Moon's surface, is central to the science and technology developed for the Moon, notably related to in‐situ science investigations, resource utilization, surface infrastructure, and mobility systems. However, data on lunar soil properties remain fragmented across decades of mission reports, often in formats that are difficult to access or interpret. We present a newly compiled database of lunar regolith physical and geotechnical properties, including data collected by direct in‐situ measurements from crewed missions, estimates inferred from surface interactions on the Moon and using remote sensing, as well as laboratory analyses of samples returned to Earth. The data collected include, among others, the angle of internal friction and cohesion (both Mohr‐Coulomb model parameters), bulk density, and static bearing capacity, extracted from Luna and Apollo‐era historical mission documentation all the way to contemporary Lunar programs. The dataset specifies the type and location of the tests from which each value was obtained. Our database also includes parameters for some lunar regolith simulants, providing a direct link between mission data and laboratory studies. In addition to centralizing this information, we developed a user interface that facilitates data retrieval, filtering, and visualization. This interface enables users to generate customized plots for comparative analysis. Developed in an open‐science perspective, it is designed to evolve in response to the community's needs. The database and its associated tools significantly enhance the accessibility and usability of lunar regolith and simulants data for scientific and engineering research.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148915611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-Informed Neural Network Analysis of Laterally Loaded Piles Based on Elastic Subgrade Reaction Approach","authors":"Zexiong Wu,&nbsp;Xueyou Li,&nbsp;Siwei Liu,&nbsp;Jian-Hong Wan","doi":"10.1002/nag.70382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70382","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Conventional numerical methods for analyzing laterally loaded piles, such as the finite element method (FEM), involve matrix assembly and inversion, which leads to increased computational overhead for tasks that require massive computations, such as reliability analysis and optimization design. Recently, physics-informed neural networks (PINN) have emerged as a mesh-free technique that relies on randomly sampled spatial collocation points to approximate partial differential equations (PDE) solutions. Although this constitutes a form of spatial discretization, it eliminates the need for mesh connectivity, enabling scalable analysis of high-dimensional problems. Leveraging these advantages, this study establishes a PINN-based framework for laterally loaded piles that considers multiple input parameters over wide value ranges, including external loads, pile properties and soil properties. A non-dimensional approach is employed to normalize the input variables, and the linear elastic superposition is utilized to enhance the model's training efficiency and predictive applicability. The model can be trained purely based on PDEs or in combination with data, providing greater flexibility and physical interpretability than purely data-driven models. Its performance is validated against field measurements and extensive FEM simulations. Applications involving extensive calculations and differentiations are conducted, demonstrating the proposed PINN model's excellent computational efficiency and its advantages in reliability analysis, optimization design, and pile group analysis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 14","pages":"5261-5282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}