Shuaihao Zhang, Dong Wu, Xiangyu Hu, Clarence E. Choi, Sérgio D. N. Lourenço
{"title":"An Efficient SPH Framework for Modeling Binary Granular Mixtures and Implications for Granular Flows","authors":"Shuaihao Zhang, Dong Wu, Xiangyu Hu, Clarence E. Choi, Sérgio D. N. Lourenço","doi":"10.1002/nag.3901","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.3901","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A two-way coupling numerical framework based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is developed in this study to model binary granular mixtures consisting of coarse and fine grains. The framework employs updated Lagrangian SPH to simulate fine grains, with particle configurations updated at each time step, and total Lagrangian SPH to efficiently model coarse grains without updated particle configurations. A Riemann solver is utilized to introduce numerical dissipation in fine grains and facilitate their coupling with coarse grains. To enhance computational efficiency, a multiple time-stepping scheme is initially applied to manage the time integration coupling between coarse and fine grains. Several numerical experiments, including granular column collapse, low-speed impact craters, and granular flow impacting blocks, are conducted to validate the stability and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. Subsequently, two more complex scenarios involving a soil–rock mixture slope considering irregular coarse particle shapes, and bouldery debris flows on natural terrain, are simulated to showcase the potential engineering applications. Finally, a detailed analysis is performed to evaluate the computational efficiency advantages of the present approach. The findings of this study are consistent with previous experimental and numerical results, and the implementation of a multiple time-stepping scheme can improve computational efficiency by up to 600%, thereby providing significant advantages for large-scale engineering simulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"49 3","pages":"815-838"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanwei Li, Defa Wang, Yiping Luo, Yuhao Liu, Nan Suo, Zhao Liu, Qi Wang
{"title":"Analytical Method for Predicting Tunnel Deformation Caused by Overlying Excavation Considering the Dewatering","authors":"Yanwei Li, Defa Wang, Yiping Luo, Yuhao Liu, Nan Suo, Zhao Liu, Qi Wang","doi":"10.1002/nag.3904","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.3904","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Predicting the tunnel deformation caused by overlying excavation is a crucial catch in current rail transit construction. Most theoretical studies overlook the effect of dewatering on tunnel response. This study utilized Mindlin's stress solution and an improved incremental method to calculate the additional load resulting from excavation. The load increment due to dewatering was determined based on the effective stress principle and a modified Dupuit infiltration curve. Treating the tunnel as a series of segment rings on a Vlazov foundation, the energy variance method and a collaborative deformation model were employed to develop a tunnel deformation prediction model. The proposed model's validity was confirmed by examining two traceable cases. Based on this, further discussion addressed the impact of dewatering depth, tunnel burial depth, tunnel-pit relative distance, and intersection angle on existing tunnel deformation. Finally, combining the proposed model with multiple regression analysis, a semi-empirical method was established to determine the tunnel's maximum vertical displacement. The study found that dewatering extends the tunnel force range, and the tunnel subsidence was positively correlated with groundwater level drop depth. The increase in the tunnel burial depth and distance from the excavation center led to a longer soil unloading transfer path, resulting in reduced disturbance to the tunnel. A smaller intersection angle between the excavation's short edge and the tunnel led to less disturbance of the underlying tunnel, which should be avoided in practical engineering. The developed semi-empirical formulae have sufficient engineering accuracy, guiding the reinforcement of the underlying tunnel.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"49 3","pages":"860-876"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Liu, Liuqing Tang, Wenbing Wu, M. Hesham El Naggar, Zhiqing Zhang, Haiyang Wang, Jun Sun
{"title":"Theoretical Investigation of Dynamic Pile–Soil Interaction in Torsion Considering Continuity of Heterogeneous Soil","authors":"Xin Liu, Liuqing Tang, Wenbing Wu, M. Hesham El Naggar, Zhiqing Zhang, Haiyang Wang, Jun Sun","doi":"10.1002/nag.3905","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.3905","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The dynamic response of a torsionally loaded pile embedded in heterogeneous soil is investigated in this paper based on a new theoretical model of the dynamic pile–soil interaction with consideration of the continuity of heterogeneous soil. By conceptualizing the surrounding soil as an elastic continuum with shear modulus following a power law variation along the depth, a new governing equation is established to portray the dynamic torsional deformation of the heterogeneous soil. With coupling of the pile motion under dynamic torque, the theoretical solution of the torsional dynamic impedance of an end-bearing pile embedded in heterogeneous soil is obtained by employing analytical techniques. Comparative analyses under varied conditions are conducted to authenticate the applicability and superiority of the proposed theoretical model. Parametric studies are performed via extensive arithmetic examples to decipher the mechanism of torsional vibration of the end-bearing pile in heterogeneous soil. Conclusively, the significant influences of soil heterogeneity along depth on the dynamic response of torsionally loaded piles are identified, and the characteristics of the cut-off frequency of the dynamic damping are elucidated in detail. The outcomes attained herein can serve to formulate guidelines for design and facilitate the evaluation of pile performance in practical applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"49 2","pages":"794-810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142690701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chang-Hao Xiao, Jin-Biao Yu, Wei-Dong Cao, Yong Wang, Xiao-Hong Wang, Zhi-Feng Liu, Min Wang
{"title":"Adaptive Mesh Refinement Based on Finite Analytical Method for Two-Dimensional Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media","authors":"Chang-Hao Xiao, Jin-Biao Yu, Wei-Dong Cao, Yong Wang, Xiao-Hong Wang, Zhi-Feng Liu, Min Wang","doi":"10.1002/nag.3895","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.3895","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this work, we improve the traditional adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) by combining it with the finite analytical method (FAM) to solve the multiphase flow in heterogeneous porous media numerically. The FAM can provide rather accurate internodal transmissibility, and it is employed to improve the accuracy of coarsening and refining processes in AMR. The high performance of the proposed AMR-FAM is indicated through numerical tests for solving the two-phase flow in 2D heterogeneous media. The numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed AMR-FAM is more accurate than the traditional AMR-FAM. Compared with the simulation in the original fine grids, the proposed AMR-FAM can provide nearly the same results. Moreover, the computational cost in the AMR grids is only approximately one-third of the cost in the original fine grids according to our numerical tests.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"49 2","pages":"756-775"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142690707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sahil Wani, Mohammad Javad Alipour, Ramesh Kannan Kandasami, Wei Wu
{"title":"MS-IS Hypoplastic Model Considering Stiffness Degradation Under Cyclic Loading Conditions","authors":"Sahil Wani, Mohammad Javad Alipour, Ramesh Kannan Kandasami, Wei Wu","doi":"10.1002/nag.3900","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.3900","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Modelling the cyclic response of granular materials is key in the design of several geostructures. Over the years, numerous constitutive models have been proposed to predict the cyclic behaviour of granular materials. However, pertaining to the hypoplastic constitutive models, one of the significant limitations is their inability to accurately predict the geomechanical response during the unloading and reloading phases. This study introduces an extension of the MS-IS hypoplastic model designed to enhance the predictions during non-monotonic loading conditions. Addressing the limitations observed in the hypoplastic models during the unloading and reloading phases, the proposed model incorporates an additional stiffness feature. This new stiffness function is integrated into the foundational framework to enhance the model's overall stiffness response. For the unloading phase, the introduction of a stiffness degradation factor aims to modify the volumetric response and account for the realistic stiffness degradation. Additionally, for the reloading phase, stiffness is now a function of the mean effective stress. The novel model's performance is validated against experimental data, encompassing diverse loading and boundary conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"49 2","pages":"776-793"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142690703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A SPH Model Bridging Solid- and Fluid-Like Behaviour in Granular Materials","authors":"Yadong Wang, Wei Wu","doi":"10.1002/nag.3899","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.3899","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We propose a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model bridging the gap between solid- and fluid-like behaviour observed in granular materials. The key innovation of the proposed approach lies in the decomposition of the stress gradient into rate-independent and rate-dependent parts, which are governed by the hypoplastic and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>μ</mi>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mi>I</mi>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$mu (I)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> constitutive relations, respectively. By using the proposed approach, we successfully capture the transition between solid- and fluid-like flow regimes in granular materials. The proposed SPH scheme is rigorously validated through the examination of various boundary value problems, including the collapse of a granular column, Taylor–Couette flow, and silo flow.</p>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"49 2","pages":"738-755"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/nag.3899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analytical Solution for the Topographic Effect of an Offshore Circular-Arc Canyon Under P-Wave Incidence","authors":"Rui He, Xinyi Huang, Jisheng Zhang","doi":"10.1002/nag.3892","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.3892","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper studies the dynamic response of a circular-arc canyon topography in the seabed under a seawater layer subjected to vertically and obliquely incident P-wave excitations. The seabed is assumed to be an isotropic elastic medium. The analytical solution of the problem is developed using the large circular arc assumption and the Fourier–Bessel series expansion technique. This study focuses mainly on analysing the influence of seawater on the topographic amplification effect of the canyon. The differences between offshore and onshore canyons are compared in both the frequency and time domains. In the frequency domain, the presence of a layer of water will amplify or suppress the vertical response of the canyon, depending on the frequencies of the incident P-waves and the detailed point location within the canyon. This is in contrast to the flat seabed model. In addition, the effects of water depth, canyon depth-to-width ratio, and angle of incidence of the P-waves on the W/L (water/land) spectral ratio are further analysed. The time domain results under both simple Ricker wavelets and real earthquake waves are then obtained, which show that the seawater layer amplifies the responses near the canyon edge, and the amplification effect mainly depends on the canyon depth-to-width ratio and incidence frequency.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"49 2","pages":"720-737"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A POD-TANN Approach for the Multiscale Modeling of Materials and Macro-Element Derivation in Geomechanics","authors":"Giovanni Piunno, Ioannis Stefanou, Cristina Jommi","doi":"10.1002/nag.3891","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.3891","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper introduces a novel approach that combines proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) with thermodynamics-based artificial neural networks (TANNs) to capture the macroscopic behavior of complex inelastic systems and derive macro-elements in geomechanics. The methodology leverages POD to extract macroscopic internal state variables from microscopic state information, thereby enriching the macroscopic state description used to train an energy potential network within the TANN framework. The thermodynamic consistency provided by TANN, combined with the hierarchical nature of POD, allows to reproduce complex, nonlinear inelastic material behaviors, as well as macroscopic geomechanical systems responses. The approach is validated through applications of increasing complexity, demonstrating its capability to reproduce high-fidelity simulation data. The applications proposed include the homogenization of continuous inelastic representative unit cells and the derivation of a macro-element for a geotechnical system involving a monopile in a clay layer subjected to horizontal loading. Eventually, the projection operators directly obtained via POD are exploited to easily reconstruct the microscopic fields. The results indicate that the POD-TANN approach not only offers accuracy in reproducing the studied constitutive responses, but also reduces computational costs, making it a practical tool for the multiscale modeling of heterogeneous inelastic geomechanical systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"49 2","pages":"700-719"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive Mesh Generation and Numerical Verification for Complex Rock Structures Based on Optimization and Iteration Algorithms","authors":"Huaiguang Xiao, Yueyang Li, Hengyang Wu, Lei He","doi":"10.1002/nag.3898","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.3898","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The modelling of rock structure is of great significance in characterizing rock characteristics and studying the failure laws of rock samples. In order to construct a high-fidelity model of the rock structure efficiently, this paper proposes an adaptive mesh dissection algorithm based on the Voronoi structure. Image processing techniques, including greyscale, threshold segmentation and edge detection, are applied to simplify the original rock image into a feature edge image. Then, a probability density diagram of the feature image is generated, which provides a probabilistic basis for the subsequent spreading of mesh seed points. Moreover, the concept of polygonal representation rate and the mesh quality evaluation system of four-dimensional metrics are established to suggest values for the seed point parameters of the initial mesh. The initial mesh is continuously optimized and iterated by barycentric iteration and gradient descent optimization methods to form mesh structural models with high representational performance efficiently. The model tests on particle, fracture and multi-phase rock images show that the optimized mesh model is highly similar to the original image in terms of similarity and edge fit, and the algorithm significantly reduces the short-edge rate and improves the shape regularity of the mesh structure. Finally, numerical tests of uniaxial compression are carried out based on the optimized mesh model. The results show that the model has computational potential in numerical calculations. This method builds a procedural structure from digital images to numerical models, which can provide a reliable model basis for simulating the physico-mechanical behaviour of heterogeneous rocks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"49 2","pages":"677-699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of Fracturing Above Block Caving Back: A Spherical Shell Theory Approach and BEM Numerical Simulation","authors":"Jingyu Shi, Baotang Shen","doi":"10.1002/nag.3893","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.3893","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Experiments and field monitoring have revealed that in block caving, fractures over the cave crown tend to form in narrow curved bands that are parallel or subparallel to the cave back surface. These fractures delineate curved shells of orebody between the bands and the cave back. The effectiveness of block caving hinges on the subsequent fracturing and fragmentation of these orebody shells. This study adopts a dual approach, combining thin spherical shell theory and full 3D numerical simulations along with principles of linear elastic fracture mechanics, to investigate the fracturing behaviour of these shells. Analytical analysis indicates that under axisymmetric loading, latitudinal tensile fractures predominantly initiate across the most part of the shell, occurring on both the upper and lower surfaces, except at a localised area. Additionally, longitudinal tensile fractures may initiate at the central area of the upper surface, while shear fractures tend to occur around the edge of the shell. Consequently, the shells become susceptible to fracturing, leading to the collapse or cave-in of the orebody. Numerical simulations agree with these findings, illustrating that fracturing points within the shell region are longitudinally dispersed throughout the entire shell. Most of these fracturing points satisfy the criteria for tensile fracturing, particularly within the middle portion of the shell, aligning with the analytical results. Furthermore, simulations considering nonaxisymmetric loading patterns demonstrate that regions surrounding the caving cavity, aligned with the minimum principal in situ stress, exhibit heightened susceptibility to fracture initiation. This insight holds potential significance for optimising the design of the caving process.</p>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"49 2","pages":"665-676"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/nag.3893","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}