Yanbing Fang, Yonghua Su, Jingxuan Zhang, Kun Feng, Chuan He
{"title":"An Efficient Probabilistic Approach to Tunnel Reliability Problems Considering Properties of Performance Functions","authors":"Yanbing Fang, Yonghua Su, Jingxuan Zhang, Kun Feng, Chuan He","doi":"10.1002/nag.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70065","url":null,"abstract":"With the advancement of reliability‐based design in tunnelling engineering, tunnel reliability analysis is becoming increasingly important. The performance function is the cornerstone and pivotal element in reliability analysis. However, they are found to be predominantly cumbersome, implicit, or derived from numerical simulations in tunnel reliability problems, thereby presenting significant challenges. Focusing on the direct approach to these performance functions, an efficient probabilistic method with a recursion procedure based on a revised Hasofer–Lind–Rackwits–Fiessler (HLRF)‐Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shan (BFGS) algorithm and the finite difference method (FDM) is proposed, considering properties of performance functions in tunnel reliability problems and convergence problems of the direct approach itself. Numerical performance functions with diverse degrees of nonlinearity are presented and validated, and it is suggested that the value of the step length coefficient involved in the FDM should not exceed 0.2. Subsequently, tunnel reliability problems with different performance functions are illustrated and verified. For the first scenario involving a complicated power exponential function, the proposed approach could converge for some cases that the HLRF cannot, and the relative errors are less than 3.0% compared with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). For the second scenario concerning numerical simulations with a horseshoe‐shaped cross‐section, the required computational costs of the proposed approach could potentially be reduced by 50% compared to the HRLF method. For the third scenario involving the support capacity for tunnel reliability‐based design, the required computational costs of the proposed approach could be 72% less than those of some classical first‐order reliability methods, and the relative error is less than 0.5% compared with MCS.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanisms of Synergistically Enhanced Oil Recovery by Water‐Based Medium Imbibition and CO2 Flooding in Shale Oil Reservoirs","authors":"Anlun Wang, Jianguang Wei, Rui Wang, Ying Yang, Xiaofeng Zhou, Dong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/nag.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70061","url":null,"abstract":"Both surfactant solution imbibition and CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> flooding are widely applied oil recovery techniques in shale oil reservoirs. However, the synergistic oil recovery effect of water‐based medium imbibition and CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> flooding for shale oil reservoirs is rarely explored, and the mechanisms of synergistic enhanced oil recovery by water‐based medium imbibition and CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> flooding are still not clear. In this paper, core flooding experiments combined with NMR tests are conducted to explore the synergy between slick water imbibition and CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> flooding in enhancing shale oil recovery and the governing mechanisms. The results show that (a) the average oil recovery rate of slick water imbibition is 38.86%, and after subsequent CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> flooding, the oil recovery rate is further increased by 21.93%. (b) Compared with slick water imbibition combined with subsequent slick water flooding, slick water imbibition combined with subsequent CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> flooding can improve the total oil recovery rate by about 10%. (c) During slick water imbibition combined with subsequent CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> flooding, slick water primarily mobilizes oil from clay interlayer pores (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> < 10 nm), whereas CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> preferentially displaces oil trapped in pores with radii >10 nm, and the large pore (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> > 150 nm) oil recovery rate can reach almost 100% when the miscibility is obtained. (d) During subsequent flooding, compared with slick water, CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> can improve oil recovery rates in pores with radii >10 nm by more than 10%. Additionally, it enhances imbibition recovery of slick water by improving the hydrophilicity of shale core samples.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analytical Solution for Consolidation of Combined Composite Foundation Considering the Well Resistance of Stone Columns Varying With Time and Depth Under Bidirectional Seepage","authors":"Wen‐bing Yang, Heng‐yu Wang, Yan Wang, Peng Zhu","doi":"10.1002/nag.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70060","url":null,"abstract":"An axisymmetric bidirectional seepage consolidation model is established for the composite foundation reinforced by stone columns and cement mixing piles. The model assumes that the well resistance of the central and peripheral stone columns increases exponentially with time and linearly with depth. Governing equations and analytical solutions for consolidation under instantaneous and multistage instantaneous loading of uniform external loading are derived by considering the influences of the smear effect of stone columns, the disturbance effect of cement mixing piles, and the coupled radial‐vertical seepage within the soil. The rationality of the analytical solution is verified by degradation analysis. Finally, the present solution under instantaneous loading is adopted to study the influence of several parameters on the consolidation behavior. The results show that considering the clogging effect of stone columns will reduce the rate of composite foundation consolidation, the depth influence factor has minimal effect, and the time influence factor has a greater effect on the late‐stage consolidation. Ignoring the clogging effect, a higher initial permeability coefficient or a denser distribution of stone columns and cement mixing piles leads to faster consolidation. Good agreement can be observed between the settlement predicted by the theoretical solution and measured settlement.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohsen Talebkeikhah, Andreas Möri, Anthony Peirce, Emmanuel Detournay, Brice Lecampion
{"title":"Numerical Modeling of the Recession and Closure of Planar Hydraulic Fractures: Contact‐Based Versus Asymptotic‐Informed Schemes","authors":"Mohsen Talebkeikhah, Andreas Möri, Anthony Peirce, Emmanuel Detournay, Brice Lecampion","doi":"10.1002/nag.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70054","url":null,"abstract":"We compare two algorithms to simulate the propagation, arrest, recession, and closure of a planar hydraulic fracture, focusing on their ability to capture the physical processes governing fracture recession and closure. The first algorithm is based on a fixed grid with contact detection during recession, while the second is based on a moving mesh that tracks the receding front using the appropriate receding near‐tip asymptotics. We assess the adequacy of fixed‐grid contact logic in simulating fracture recession, and evaluate the generality of the so‐called sunset solution for fracture closure, originally derived for plane‐strain and radial fractures and homogeneous properties of the elastic medium. Our comparison shows that both algorithms perform similarly for reasonable choices of fracture discretization and residual aperture parameters in the fixed‐grid case. The precision of both approaches is primarily influenced by discretization, while the minimum residual aperture parameter in the contact algorithm has a negligible effect. Using the fixed‐grid contact scheme, we also demonstrate the emergence of the sunset solution for receding hydraulic fractures under symmetry‐breaking configurations of the fracture front induced by heterogeneities, which are far beyond the constraints under which the sunset solution was originally derived.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144987323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prediction Model for Rock‐Breaking Force and Wear of Large‐Diameter Shield Disc Cutters in Hard Rock Stratum","authors":"Shang‐Qu Sun, Shuo‐Guo Pan, Li‐Ping Li, Zhao‐Yang Li, Ke‐Rui Fan, Shu‐Jiang He","doi":"10.1002/nag.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70059","url":null,"abstract":"The wear problem of disc cutters during large‐diameter shield tunneling in hard rock stratum has become increasingly prominent, significantly increasing engineering construction costs. Aiming at the disc cutter wear problem during large‐diameter shield tunneling in hard rock stratum, this paper analyzes the rock‐breaking form and contact force distribution in the cutter‐rock contact area, and establishes the prediction model for normal force, rolling force, and wear of disc cutter. The numerical simulation of disc cutter rock‐breaking is carried out using discrete element software, to explore the force and wear laws under different installation radius, cutter speed, and penetration depth. The wear partition phenomenon of disc cutter in different areas of the cutterhead is revealed, and the relationship between the wear law and installation position changes and its causes are analyzed. The wear prediction model is verified by the measured data of the Shantou Bay Undersea Tunnel Project. The research results provide a scientific basis for the wear prediction of large‐diameter shield disc cutters in hard rock stratum, which has important theoretical significance and engineering application.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144987445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic Response of GESCs-Supported Embankments in Sand Under Sinusoidal Loading: A Fluid-Solid Coupling Method","authors":"Ling Zhang, Xiaocong Cai, Zijian Yang","doi":"10.1002/nag.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The geosynthetic-encased stone columns (GESCs) are extensively used for improving weak foundations. Three-dimensional numerical models with a fluid-solid coupling method are established to delve into the dynamic response of GESCs-supported embankment in sand under sinusoidal loading. Further, loading frequency (<i>f</i>), loading amplitude (<i>a<sub>m</sub></i>), embankment loads (<i>σ<sub>e</sub></i>), space-to-diameter ratio (<i>s</i>/<i>D</i>), column length-to-foundation thickness ratio (<i>L</i>/<i>H</i>), and Young's modulus of soil (<i>E</i><sub>s</sub>), are selected to conduct the parametric study. Numerical results indicate that encasement guarantees the anti-liquefaction of GESCs compared to OSCs and untreated foundations. However, the soil outside of the GESCs reinforcement region results in the absolute value of the excess pore water pressure ratio (<i>R</i><sub>u</sub>) larger than 1.0. The sand foundations develop slip surfaces under embankment and sinusoidal loads based on maximum lateral displacement and their positions. GESCs are more sensitive to lower <i>f</i> and higher <i>a<sub>m</sub></i>. It is recommended to consider the <i>σ<sub>e</sub></i> in the dynamic analysis process. A larger <i>L</i>/<i>H</i> or <i>E</i><sub>s</sub>/<i>E</i><sub>c</sub> (<i>E</i><sub>c</sub> = Young's modulus of column) or smaller <i>s</i>/<i>D</i> is conducive to the dynamic resistance of GESCs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"49 16","pages":"4001-4019"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144919239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicholas Izuchukwu Osuji, Chuanyin Jiang, Auli Niemi, Chin‐Fu Tsang, Qinghua Lei
{"title":"Impact of Geomechanics Model Simplifications on Assessing Flow and Transport in 3D Fracture Networks","authors":"Nicholas Izuchukwu Osuji, Chuanyin Jiang, Auli Niemi, Chin‐Fu Tsang, Qinghua Lei","doi":"10.1002/nag.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70057","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in subsurface stress conditions induce fracture aperture changes, altering the hydraulic properties of fractured rocks. Due to the high computational cost of full 3D geomechanical modeling, simplified models are usually adopted, using two main simplifications, namely (i) calculating local stresses on a fracture by projecting far‐field stresses onto individual fracture planes without considering nearby fractures, and (ii) assuming a linear elastic fracture mechanics‐based constitutive law for fracture shearing. In this study, we investigate the consequences of using these geomechanical model simplifications on assessing flow and transport in 3D fractured media by comparing the simplified model against a full geomechanical model that integrates local stress heterogeneity and a Coulomb‐type shear behavior. We explore varying stress conditions to determine when the simplified model closely aligns with the full model, and when and why it starts to deviate. Our results indicate that, for an assumed typical friction coefficient of 0.6 and shear stiffness of 10 GPa/m, under stress ratios of 1 to 3, shear deformation is in the elastic stage, and local stress variability does not result in significant differences between simplified and full models. However, at a high stress ratio (e.g., 4), plastic shear slip prevails, and a significant difference between the two models emerges. The full model accommodates more intense shear displacements, resulting in increased aperture heterogeneity, enhanced flow channeling, and earlier solute breakthrough, while the simplified model underestimates these effects. Our results suggest that great caution is needed when applying simplified models in practice, especially when the stress ratio is high.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144919400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unraveling the Dynamic Failure‐Stress Feedback Mechanism in Mining Overburden Through the PIV‐DEM Synergistic Analysis","authors":"Xiangdong Meng, Wanghua Sui, Chang Zhou, Baolei Xie","doi":"10.1002/nag.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70058","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the failure of overburden and the internal stress evolution feedback mechanism during mining, this study conducted laboratory physical experiments and discrete element method (DEM). In the physical model, overburden deformation was extracted using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The results show that during the mining process, the contact orientations on both sides of the goaf gradually incline, while those in the water‐conducting fracture zone become more uniformly distributed. In the continuous deformed zone, especially within the primary key stratum, horizontal contact orientations progressively become dominant. Based on the coupled stress–deformation evolution, the mining process can be divided into three stages: the initial stage, the arch formation stage, and the arch expansion stage. The stress drop region closely resembles the deformation patterns of soil arches. In the initial stage, the stress drop region appears columnar and extends directly to the surface, with movement mainly concentrated near the coal seam. During the arch formation stage, the stress drop region begins to develop into an arch shape, and horizontal stress starts to concentrate within the primary key stratum. Locally, the rear deformation zone gradually stabilizes, while the overlying strata begin to move. With ongoing mining, the strata in front of the goaf also start to move. In the movement zones, stress relatively drops, whereas stress in the rear of the goaf tends to rebound. During the arch expansion stage, horizontal stress continues to concentrate within the main key stratum, and the movement zone is primarily characterized by horizontal expansion.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144919238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"One-Dimensional THM Coupling Model of Clay Layer Considering Non-Darcian Seepage and Thermo-Osmosis Under Semi-Thermally Insulated Boundary","authors":"Jinxin Sun, Jiangshan Li, Ping Wang, Lijun Han, Qiang Xue","doi":"10.1002/nag.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clayey soils are widely present in energy and environmental geotechnical engineering projects, and their consolidation and thermal-diffusion behavior can remarkably influence the long-term stability of facilities. However, owing to the inherent complexity of thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupled process, a thorough theoretical understanding into the underlying mechanisms remains insufficient. Consequently, a new THM-coupled model of saturated clay layer is developed, effectively capturing the interactions between nonlinear consolidation and heat transfer. Initially, the nonlinear consolidation process in current model accounts for the nonlinearity of seepage behavior and physical-mechanical properties. Of particular interest is the nonlinear seepage behavior under coupled thermo-mechanical loading, which is characterized by coupling non-Darcian seepage and thermo-osmosis within clays. Additionally, the heat transfer process incorporates the conduction, convection, and thermo-mechanical dispersion. To align with engineering reality, semi-drained and semi-thermally insulated boundaries are introduced during the derivation process. Numerical solutions are then obtained to delve into the impact of critical factors and the intrinsic relationship within THM-coupled process. The results reveal that both the consolidation and heat transfer processes experience retardation with consideration of nonlinear seepage. Moreover, the presence of a semi-thermally insulated boundary can significantly modify the temperature distribution and correspondingly affect the permeability of clays. In summary, the findings in the current study can provide a more reliable reference for engineering design of clay liner.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"49 16","pages":"3983-4000"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thien Q. Huynh, Thanh T. Nguyen, Buddhima Indraratna, Thao Doan
{"title":"Influence of Different Cohesive Contact Models on Micro-to-Macro Response of Geomaterials: A DEM Investigation","authors":"Thien Q. Huynh, Thanh T. Nguyen, Buddhima Indraratna, Thao Doan","doi":"10.1002/nag.70051","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cohesive contact between soil particles plays a key role in the micro- and macroscale responses of geomaterials, but the contact behavior can vary widely depending on different contexts. As our understanding of cohesive contact and the use of appropriate models when simulating cohesive materials is still limited, this study provides a comprehensive assessment of the most commonly used cohesive contact models, such as the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR), Simplified JKR (SJKR), Easo liquid bridge (ELB), and Derjaguin–Muller–Toporov (DMT) models. Not only are extensive reviews and analyses made to highlight crucial differences in the concept and mechanisms that different models utilize to govern cohesive bonds, but a series of 369 DEM simulations of the drawdown (DD) tests used by these models is also implemented. Cohesion and rolling friction degrees are varied in tandem, followed by detailed analyses of micro and macroscale features ranging from interparticle contact to bulk deformation characteristics across different cohesive models. The results show there are large differences in interparticle behavior depending on how the attractions are formed and developed, despite yielding similar macroscale responses. Soft bond models like ELB and DMT, whose attraction concentrates around the border of the contact region, result in weak bonds and less impact on structural features such as the contact network and porosity, especially under different dynamic contexts. This study significantly enhances understanding of different forms of cohesions and suggests criteria that can be used to select cohesive models, promoting accurate predictions of micro-to-macroscale responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"49 16","pages":"3944-3969"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/nag.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}