International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics最新文献

{"title":"An Efficient Pile‐Soil Interaction Model for Thermo‐Mechanical Response of Energy Piles in Sand","authors":"Abhisek Paul, Dipanjan Basu","doi":"10.1002/nag.70433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70433","url":null,"abstract":"Energy piles are analyzed using the load‐transfer method or numerical methods. While the equivalent soil spring‐based load‐transfer method is fast and easy to use, the equivalent soil spring constants often incorporate empiricism in the analysis. In contrast, numerical methods are more accurate and represent the pile‐soil interaction properly, but they are computationally expensive. This study presents a semi‐analytical framework for a single energy pile embedded in elastoplastic soil, developed using the principles of virtual work and variational calculus. The pile‐soil system is considered as a continuum in the present analysis, and the interaction between the pile and the soil is represented by a judiciously chosen compatible soil displacement function related to the pile displacement. The formulation employs an incremental procedure, current state variables are updated from the previous increment. Soil stiffness is consistently updated based on stress evaluation, performed through the cutting plane stress integration scheme. The elastic soil response before yield is considered to be nonlinear, which is represented through shear modulus degradation based on the strain developed in the soil. The Drucker–Prager constitutive model is adopted to capture the plastic behavior of soil. The temperature change in soil that is caused by the temperature change of the energy pile is calculated using the heat distribution model for a finite length heat source. An iterative solution algorithm with the one‐dimensional finite difference method is used to solve the governing differential equations for pile and soil displacements. The accuracy of the proposed method is validated against experimental results under mechanical, thermal, and combined loading. The method is used to investigate the response of end‐bearing and semi‐floating energy piles subjected to mechanical and monotonic or cyclic thermal loads. The effect of cyclic thermal load on the null point in an energy pile is also discussed. Additionally, the study highlights the inherent capability of the present model to capture the nonlinear pile‐soil interaction through several soil resistance‐pile displacement plots. The present model can be used to determine the axial displacement and stress in an energy pile under different loads for the purpose of structural design of the pile.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148979644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Response and Progressive Failure of Moraine‐Covered Slopes Under Combined Rainfall and Earthquake Loading","authors":"Xinwei Tang, Minxuan Ao, Wanpeng Shi, Danqing Song, Xiaoli Liu","doi":"10.1002/nag.70444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70444","url":null,"abstract":"Rainfall and seismic loading are major factors triggering the instability of moraine slopes widely distributed in the mountainous regions of western China. To investigate the dynamic response and failure mechanisms of moraine soil slopes under combined rainfall and seismic loading, a numerical model was established based on shaking table tests, and a systematic investigation was conducted. A heterogeneous numerical model of moraine soil–rock mixtures (SRMs) was developed using a grid‐mapping method. The van Genuchten unsaturated seepage model was then incorporated to simulate the coupled rainfall‐seismic response of SRM slopes. Multidomain analysis methods were employed to investigate the topographic amplification effects of the slope under coupled rainfall and seismic loading and to summarize its dynamic response characteristics. On this basis, the progressive failure process from initial deformation to overall instability under hydromechanical coupling was clarified. Rock content (RC) changed the response markedly. For the tested slopes, the response changed least at RC = 20%–25%: acceleration amplification and displacement were smaller, and the difference between dry and postrainfall cases narrowed. Infiltrating water raised pore pressure primarily along soil–rock contacts. Liquefaction first appeared there, followed by sliding. Increasing the gravel fraction slowed the advance of this zone. This behavior results from changes in contact stress and drainage during wetting. Field assessments of moraine slopes exposed to strong shaking should thus include antecedent rainfall and interface drainage.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148979642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Solutions for Plane Strain Consolidation of Layered Unsaturated–Saturated Ground With Vertical Drains: Role of Lateral Semi‐Permeable Boundaries","authors":"Linzhong Li, Yu Han, Lianghua Jiang, Jing He, Zhen Yang","doi":"10.1002/nag.70446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70446","url":null,"abstract":"The coexistence of saturated and unsaturated soil layers is common for soil subgrade improvement by a combination of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) and surcharge preloading. In such scenarios, the smear effect of PVDs and the layered hydraulic properties significantly influence the time‐dependent settlement. Under plane strain conditions, this paper analytically investigates the consolidation behavior of a composite subgrade consisting of a two‐phase (air‐water) flow unsaturated layer and a single‐phase (water) flow saturated layer, with PVDs installed on both lateral sides. By integrating classic consolidation theories for saturated and unsaturated porous media, and featuring the smear effect induced by PVDs using lateral semi‐permeable boundary conditions, Laplace‐domain analytical formulas for excess pore‐air pressure, excess pore‐water pressure, and surface settlement are derived. The proposed solutions are validated against the special cases of a homogeneous single soil ground with lateral semi‐permeable boundaries. A convergence study indicates that truncating 40 terms in the infinite series achieves a good trade‐off between accuracy and efficiency. This paper, with the present solution, conducts parametric investigations to examine how the lateral boundary parameter, PVD spacing, and hydraulic anisotropy affect the consolidation behavior. The results show that when the unsaturated layer has lower hydraulic conductivity than the saturated layer, the lateral semi‐permeable boundary condition significantly influences the pore‐water‐dominated consolidation stage across all examined PVD spacings and anisotropy ratios. This finding indicates that mitigating the smear effect is consistently beneficial for accelerating the consolidation of unsaturated–saturated soil composite strata across all examined PVD spacings and permeability anisotropy ratios.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148979643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Elasto–Plastic Hydro–Mechanical Model for Analyzing the Swelling Behavior of Heterogeneous Clay–Sulfate Rocks","authors":"Reza Mahmoudi Kouhi, Reza Taherdangkoo, Thomas Nagel, Faramarz Doulati Ardejani, Christoph Butscher","doi":"10.1002/nag.70436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70436","url":null,"abstract":"Swelling of clay‐sulfate rocks is a concern in geotechnical engineering that can damage infrastructure. In the historic town of Staufen in southwest Germany, geothermal drilling into a swellable anhydrite‐bearing clay formation resulted in water inflow and subsequent swelling, triggering ground heave and damage to more than 250 houses. To better understand and assess this phenomenon, which results from the interaction between groundwater flow and mechanical deformation, a coupled hydro–mechanical model was developed. The hydraulic behavior was described using Richards' equation for transient unsaturated flow, while the mechanical response of the swelling formation was represented by the Modified Cam‐Clay model, capturing its nonlinear elasto–plastic behavior. The model also accounts for spatial variations in Young's modulus and permeability within the swelling layer, reflecting the natural heterogeneity associated with variable clay content and permeability zones observed at the site. Model calibration was performed using field measurements from 2008 to 2011, optimized through a Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm to minimize the deviation between simulated and observed surface heave. The results demonstrate that incorporating both mechanical nonlinearity and geological heterogeneity can accurately reproduce the deformations observed at Staufen. The model was validated against independent monitoring data up to 2024, confirming its predictive reliability. It was subsequently used to forecast long‐term surface heave development until 2030, reproducing both the initial rapid uplift and the later gradual stabilization observed at the site. We conclude that the presented approach offers a practical and physically consistent tool for long‐term risk assessment in areas prone to rock swelling.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"189 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148979675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Insight Into Rock Brittleness Prediction Based on Stacking Integrated Algorithm","authors":"Jing Jia,&nbsp;Diquan Li,&nbsp;Ziyi Zhang,&nbsp;Pinghe Sun,&nbsp;Qinghu Fan,&nbsp;Han Cao","doi":"10.1002/nag.70402","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.70402","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The significance of rock brittleness is well-recognized in the fields of geotechnical engineering and energy exploration. To enhance the predictive precision of rock brittleness, this paper proposes a Stacking integrated algorithm. This algorithm synergistically combines various meta models and foundational models, utilizing a suite of nine algorithm modes: Gaussian Process Regression, Support Vector Machine, Backpropagation Neural network, Extreme Learning Machine network, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Lasso Regression, and Ridge Regression. Furthermore, Tuna and Bayesian optimization algorithms are utilized to refine the model's performance. Additionally, a new diversity index, k, based on the ratio of correlation coefficients, has been introduced to facilitate the optimal selection of base models for the Stacking integrated algorithm. The predictive accuracy of the Stacking integrated model, as determined by the proposed diversity index k, surpasses that of the finest individual base model and outperforms other sets of five integrated base models with an equivalent number of components. This underscores the efficacy of the diversity index k in guiding the selection of appropriate base models for the stacking process. The most effective model for predicting rock brittleness incorporates the Extreme Learning Machine network, Decision Tree, Random Forest and Extreme Gradient Boosting. This ensemble model demonstrates superior accuracy over the single best model, the Decision Tree, by reducing the average brittleness prediction error rate by 0.3745 and elevating the determination coefficient (<i>R</i>²) value from 0.9118 to 0.9629.When compared with the Particle Swarm Optimization model, this composite model achieves an increase of 0.1498 in <i>R</i>².</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 15","pages":"5575-5588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Two-Phase Hybrid Seepage Flux Finite Element Method for Seepage Analysis","authors":"Chao Luo,&nbsp;Rui Zhang,&nbsp;Ran Guo,&nbsp;Wenhai Gai","doi":"10.1002/nag.70383","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.70383","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study presents a new Hybrid Seepage flux Finite Element Method (HS-FEM) for steady-state seepage field problems, specifically focused on unconfined seepage through porous media. While conventional numerical methods (e.g., standard FEM, finite difference method) can accurately solve steady-state seepage, they face challenges in handling free-surface boundary conditions, such as mesh distortion or free surface traversing elements. The presented HS-FEM requires only a single element for dam structures composed of homogeneous material, eliminating the need for extensive mesh refinement at interfaces as required by conventional FEM. The HS-FEM assumes independent higher-order seepage flux variables within element domains while prescribing hydraulic head on element boundaries. As the seepage flux field satisfies the governing equations, this approach establishes a two-field HS-FEM formulation using the seepage flux and boundary head as primary variables. The presented method constructs a higher-order seepage flux field within element domains and employs an iterative discretization strategy for solving the free surface boundary. Through the combination of these two approaches, it achieves computational accuracy comparable to conventional dense-mesh FEM while using significantly sparser discretization. Comparative analyses of five numerical examples with existing research results and MARC software demonstrate:(1) accurate determination of free surface positions, (2) excellent agreement in seepage flux distributions with MARC results, (3) enhanced sensitivity in capturing seepage flux discontinuities at material interfaces, and (4) optimizable hydraulic head distribution within element domains through either nodal refinement or higher-order interpolation. These comprehensive validations confirm the effectiveness of the presented methodology.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 15","pages":"5507-5529"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Investigation of Bedding-Plane Control Mechanisms on Blasting Fragmentation in Soft-Hard Interbedded Rock Masses","authors":"Yu Ni,&nbsp;Zhiliang Wang,&nbsp;Hang Lin,&nbsp;Yifan Chen","doi":"10.1002/nag.70398","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.70398","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soft-hard interbedded rock masses often exhibit heterogeneous blasting responses because bedding planes serve as both weak interfaces and wave-impedance discontinuities. This study examines how bedding planes influence blast-induced fragmentation and informs blasting design. LS-DYNA simulations were performed for single-hole blasting, presplit blasting, and production blasting under different charge positions, charge radii, and initiation sequences. The analysis focused on stress-wave interaction, crack propagation, and explosion energy partitioning across soft and hard layers. The results indicate that the dominant mechanism is the bedding-plane-induced redistribution of dynamic stress and explosion energy. Under symmetric charging, early damage along the bedding plane unloads the hoop tensile stress near the interface, which suppresses crack propagation at small angles to the bedding plane; consequently, cracks preferentially extend normal to the bedding plane. Meanwhile, more explosion energy is absorbed by the soft rock, leading to stronger soft-layer fragmentation than in the homogeneous case, whereas damage evolution in the hard rock is inhibited. Under asymmetric charging, charge placement in the hard rock facilitates cross-layer energy transmission and rock mass fragmentation, whereas placement in the soft rock hinders this process. In presplit blasting, the spatial configuration of the bedding plane controls contour quality by modulating the inter-hole tensile stress. For production blasting, hard-rock-first initiation with a short delay of 200–350 µs improves hard-rock fragmentation and increases the fragmentation partitioning index <i>E</i> by 25%, whereas soft-rock-first initiation expands the blasted volume but keeps <i>E</i> below 0.5. The findings support bedding-controlled optimization of blasting parameters.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 15","pages":"5548-5574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Thermo-Induced Solute Transport in Saturated Layered Soil With Effective Porosity","authors":"Jin-Wei Qiu,&nbsp;Jia-Jun Pan,&nbsp;Lu-Sha Jiang,&nbsp;Hui Sun,&nbsp;Bo Hu,&nbsp;Jun Tong,&nbsp;Xian Zhou","doi":"10.1002/nag.70395","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.70395","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A numerical investigation is performed on one-dimensional coupled heat transfer and solute transport in saturated, incompressible layered soils, incorporating the effects of three soil phases: solid particles, mobile pore fluid, and immobile pore fluid. The finite difference method is employed to solve the coupled governing equations for heat transfer and solute transport. The thermal module of the model assumes local thermal equilibrium between solid and fluid phases, and incorporates heat transfer through conduction, advection, and mechanical dispersion. The solute transport module accounts for diffusion, advection, mechanical dispersion, and sorption processes. The proposed model is first developed and subsequently subjected to verification. Numerical simulations demonstrate that heat transfer considerably influences solute transport, affecting key metrics including breakthrough time, mass flux, cumulative mass outflow, and concentration distribution within the soil stratum. These effects persist not only during active heat transfer but also long after its cessation. Furthermore, effective porosity significantly impacts both heat and solute transport processes, and the Soret coefficient also notably affects solute transport through thermodiffusion. Conventional solute transport analyses that neglect the coupled effects of heat transfer and effective porosity may yield substantially divergent results.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 15","pages":"5530-5547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Solution of Seepage Response Around an Underwater Tunnel With Grouting Ring Under Water Level Fluctuations","authors":"Haoran Lai,&nbsp;Dongmei Zhang,&nbsp;Yiyao Shen,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Guo,&nbsp;Jing Yu","doi":"10.1002/nag.70393","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.70393","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Underwater tunnels are sensitive to load variations induced by external water level fluctuations, making accurate prediction of pore pressure on tunnel linings essential for structural safety. Existing analytical studies on transient seepage often neglect the backfill grouting layer, leading to overestimated pore pressures and potentially unsafe design assessments. To address this limitation, this study investigates the transient seepage field within a composite “soil-grouting ring-lining” system under two scenarios: surface water level fluctuations (SWF) and groundwater level fluctuations (GWF). Based on the decoupled Biot's consolidation theory and the principle of superposition, a rigorous analytical solution is derived. The accuracy and engineering applicability of the proposed method are strictly validated against numerical simulations and field monitoring data from the Qingchun Road Tunnel in Hangzhou, China. Parametric analyses show that increasing grouting ring permeability reduces pore pressure and improves its distribution uniformity. With increasing soil permeability, pore pressure exhibits a three-stage nonlinear evolution: rapid rise, gradual increase, and decay to zero. Increasing grouting ring thickness effectively decreases pore pressure, and when the grout-to-lining thickness ratio is below 0.5, tunnel diameter has negligible influence. Mechanical properties also play a key role: higher grouting stiffness increases pore pressure but stabilizes beyond a modulus ratio of 0.002, while greater soil shear modulus reduces pore pressure. These findings provide a theoretical basis for improved design of underwater tunnels considering grouting effects.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 15","pages":"5589-5611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148633927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unified Rigorous Solution for Kinematic Response of Pipe Piles Embedded in Unsaturated Soil Subjected to S Waves","authors":"Hao Liu,&nbsp;Yuan Gao,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Dong,&nbsp;Yunpeng Zhang,&nbsp;Xin Liu,&nbsp;Zhiqing Zhang,&nbsp;M. Hehsam El Naggar,&nbsp;Wenbing Wu","doi":"10.1002/nag.70388","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.70388","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The dynamic response of pile foundations is critical for seismic design. This study employs the Timoshenko beam model for pipe piles and Biot's poroelasticity theory for wave propagation in unsaturated soils. Analytical solutions are derived for three displacement fields under S waves excitation: free-field soil, pile–soil interface, and scattered soil displacements. By computing the relative interaction forces between the soil and pile using the scattered displacement field, a coupled vibration analytical model for pile–soil interaction under S waves is established. Based on principles similar to the dynamic beam on the Winkler foundation (BDWF) model by Makris and Gazetas, this approach eliminates empirical parameter selection, offering a more rigorous mathematical framework applicable to both end-bearing and friction piles in saturated and unsaturated soils. Comparative analyses are conducted to assess the prediction accuracy of the BDWF method and continuum models. The results demonstrate that the BDWF model underestimates the resonant frequency of piles and overpredicts the corresponding amplification factor. In contrast, continuum models, which neglect pile–soil relative displacement differences, overestimate the bending moment distribution. Furthermore, the influences of soil saturation degree, void ratio, and internal soil plug formation on the pile dynamic response are systematically investigated. The analytical results show that the inner soil plug can improve the dynamic stability of the pile foundation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 15","pages":"5462-5478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148564719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}