International dental journal最新文献

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Detecting Periodontal Disease From Intraoral Photographs: A Systematic Review","authors":"Kaijing Mao ,&nbsp;Khaing Myat Thu ,&nbsp;Kuo Feng Hung ,&nbsp;Ollie Yiru Yu ,&nbsp;Richard Tai-Chiu Hsung ,&nbsp;Walter Yu-Hang Lam","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.100883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.100883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This systematic review aims to evaluate the methodological characteristics and clinical performance of artificial intelligence (AI) models in detecting periodontal disease using digital intraoral photographs. This review includes peer-reviewed publications and conference proceedings in English, focusing on clinical studies of human periodontal diseases. Intraoral photographs served as the primary data source, with fluorescent and microscopic dental images excluded. The methodological characteristics and performance metrics of clinical studies reporting on AI models were analysed. Twenty-six studies met the review criteria. Various image acquisition devices were used by the resarchers including professional cameras, intraoral cameras, smartphones, and home-use devices. Ten studies used clinical examinations as reference methods, while 16 used visual examinations. Eight studies involved multiple experts in dataset annotation. Only 9 studies employed multiple intraoral views for their AI models, with the remaining studies focusing solely on the frontal view. Regarding AI tasks, 17 studies used classification, 4 used detection, and 5 used segmentations. Performance metrics varied widely and were assessed at multiple levels. Classification studies showed accuracies ranging from 0.46 to 1.00, detection studies showed accuracies from 0.56 to 0.78, and segmentation studies achieved Intersection over Union (IoU) scores of 0.43 to 0.70. AI models show potential for detecting periodontal disease from intraoral photographs, but their clinical use faces challenges. Future research should focus on improving reporting standards, standardising evaluation metrics, performing external tests, enhancing data quality, and using clinical gold standards as reference methods. Furthermore, efforts should focus on promoting transparency, integrating ethical considerations, minimising misclassification, and advancing the development of explainable and user-friendly AI systems to enhance their clinical applicability and reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 5","pages":"Article 100883"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forkhead Box O1 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells in Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Environments by Regulating Heme Oxygenase-1 Scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species","authors":"Yujia Ye ,&nbsp;Jinqiao Tang ,&nbsp;Jiahui Ye ,&nbsp;Bin Zhao ,&nbsp;Yanning Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.100894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.100894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and aims</h3><div>Oral health is closely linked to systemic health, and patients with obstructive sleep apnea suffer from an increased risk of periodontitis due to repeated cycles of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). This study aimed to assess the role of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) in alveolar bone remodelling and explore how it affects H/R in vitro.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The AnaeroPack system was employed to establish an H/R model based on periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity test, alizarin red staining, and RT-qPCR, the osteogenic differentiation capacity of PDLSCs was detected under the H/R environment. The expression of FoxO1 was specifically knocked down and overexpressed using small interfering RNA and lentiviral transfection to investigate the role of FoxO1 in the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and explore the underlying mechanism.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>H/R downregulated osteogenic indicators (collagen-I, RunX2, and ALP) in hPDLSCs (<em>P</em> &lt; .01). In addition, the osteogenic capacity was found to be associated with the degree of H/R injury. FoxO1 positively regulated the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs (<em>P</em> &lt; .01), and FoxO1 overexpression restored the osteogenic capacity of PDLSCs after H/R injury (<em>P</em> &lt; .01). Further studies revealed that the heme oxygenase-1 signalling pathway was involved in FoxO1-mediated osteogenesis in PDLSCs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In H/R, PDLSCs exhibited proliferative capacity and impaired osteogenic differentiation, which could be reversed by FoxO1 overexpression. Mechanistically, FoxO1 removed reactive oxygen species by regulating the expression of heme oxygenase-1, thereby enhancing the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical relevance</h3><div>Given the positive effect of FoxO1 in alveolar bone remodelling in H/R, it could serve as a potential target for the treatment of periodontitis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 5","pages":"Article 100894"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Endodontic Treatment Prevalence in Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Diabetic Periodontitis Patients: A Retrospective Case-Control Investigation","authors":"L.P.M. Weijdijk ,&nbsp;D.E. Slot ,&nbsp;M. el Kadi ,&nbsp;G.A. Van der Weijden","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.100846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.100846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Apply a case-control retrospective analysis to assess possible differences in the prevalence of endodontically treated teeth in patients with diabetes(DM) and non-diabetics(NDM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A convenience sample of DM and NDM adults diagnosed with periodontitis and referred to a clinic specializing in periodontal therapy were matched based on age, gender, and year of intake. To assess the number of endodontically treated teeth, a full-mouth set of radiographs was required. Every root-filled tooth was recorded. Sub-analyses were conducted to assess the distribution of teeth based on tooth type and their location in the upper and lower jaws. Additionally, the number of teeth present was counted. Relationships between endodontically treated teeth and related variables were analysed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Total 233 periodontitis patients with DM were found to be eligible for inclusion and accordingly matched to 233 periodontitis patients without DM. Between DM and NDM, no statistically significant differences were found in the mean percentage of endodontically treated teeth (DM: 6.88%; NDM: 7.34%; <em>P =</em> .60), tooth type, or jaw type, nor in the average number of teeth (DM: 25.2; NDM: 25.3; <em>P =</em> .68). Based on the multivariate analyses with correction for age, smoking status, and number of teeth, DM was not significantly associated with the number of endodontically treated teeth (OR = 1.16;95% CI: [0.79;1.70]; <em>P =</em> .46).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In matched patient sample with adult periodontitis, there was no significant association between DM appearance and the number of endodontically treated teeth or tooth loss when compared with NDM.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical relevance</h3><div>This suggests that in periodontitis patients DM appears not to be a risk factor influencing the degree of tooth decay necessitating endodontic intervention, nor does it seem to contribute to an increased likelihood of tooth loss in this context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 5","pages":"Article 100846"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ATP1A1-Driven Intercellular Contact Between Dental Pulp Stem Cell and Endothelial Cell Enhances Vasculogenic Activity","authors":"Mingqi Zhu ,&nbsp;Shan Jiang ,&nbsp;Chengfei Zhang ,&nbsp;Buling Wu ,&nbsp;Ting Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.100870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.100870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The interaction between dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and vascular endothelial cells (ECs) is crucial to the speedy establishment of functional blood circulation within the transplanted pulp tissue. It is a complex process involving direct cell contact and paracrine signalling. The transmembrane domains of α1-Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase (ATP1A1) have been shown to influence tumour angiogenesis. Its role in regulating DPSCs/ECs interaction in vascular formation remains unknown. This study aimed to explore ATP1A1 on DPSCs/ECs communication, vascular network formation, and underlying mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The formation of vessel structures within different culture systems was examined. The expression of pericyte-like markers and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase-related genes and proteins were systematically analysed. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to examine the localisation of ATP1A1. Total and phosphorylated proteins were evaluated to identify and explore the signalling pathways activated under cocultured conditions. Downstream signalling was also investigated after the inhibition of ATP1A1.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Direct coculture accelerated vessel network formation and prolonged its stability compared to indirect systems. ATP1A1 expression and SMC-specific marker (α-SMA) levels significantly increased in direct coculture systems, with nuclear α-SMA localisation and ATP1A1 enrichment at cell-contact sites. Protein assay revealed activated Src/AKT pathways and upregulated FGF-2/activin A secretion in coculture supernatants. ATP1A1 inhibition reduced α-SMA expression, impairing SMC differentiation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Direct DPSCs-HUVECs contact stabilises vessel networks via ATP1A1-mediated Src/AKT activation, driving FGF-2/activin A secretion and initiating SMC differentiation. This highlights that ATP1A1 may be critical for pericyte-like transition and vascular microenvironment optimisation in pulp angiogenesis.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Significance</h3><div>This research informed strategies aimed at pulp tissue regeneration. The findings hold significant implications for enabling the biological restoration of tooth vitality and function in the field of clinical regenerative treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 5","pages":"Article 100870"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural Networks for Predicting and Classifying Antimicrobial Resistance Sequences in Porphyromonas gingivalis","authors":"Pradeep Kumar Yadalam ,&nbsp;Raghavendra Vamsi Anegundi ,&nbsp;Prabhu Manickam Natarajan ,&nbsp;Carlos M. Ardila","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.100890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.100890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objective</h3><div><em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em> is a key pathogen associated with periodontal disease linked to various systemic conditions. Accurate identification of <em>P. gingivalis</em> proteins is essential for understanding its pathogenicity and developing targeted interventions. Recent advances in whole-genome sequencing of <em>P. gingivalis</em> have enhanced the detection and classification of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, aiding in the early identification of resistance trends and improving patient care. In this study, we developed a deep learning approach using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to classify <em>P. gingivalis</em> proteins based on their amino acid sequences.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A dataset of 685 protein sequences, including 150 <em>P. gingivalis</em> proteins and 535 nonresistant variants, was compiled and split into training (60%), validation (20%), and test (20%) sets. The sequences were preprocessed by padding to 750 amino acids and one-hot encoded into a feature matrix. A CNN model, consisting of two convolutional layers, max pooling, dropout, and fully connected layers for binary classification, was designed and implemented in PyTorch with 6192,258 parameters. The model was trained using the Adam optimizer for 30 epochs with early stopping based on validation accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The CNN model outperforms traditional methods like BLAST, HMM Profiles, and DeepSig in predicting and classifying AMR in <em>P. gingivalis</em>. The hypothetical ProtBERT model shows slightly better performance, with an accuracy of 97%. Key metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, <em>F</em>1 score, and the area under the curve were assessed. CNN and ProtBERT have high recall rates (0.93 and 0.95, respectively), indicating their effectiveness in predicting AMR classifications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our CNN model outperforms SOTA methods in classifying <em>P. gingivalis</em>-resistant protein sequences, achieving 96.35% accuracy and an area under the curve of 0.98.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical relevance</h3><div>Precise and rapid prediction of AMR based solely on protein sequences, potentially leading to earlier identification of resistance trends and improved antibiotic stewardship in periodontal treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 5","pages":"Article 100890"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144564022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arabic Translation and Validation of the Adult Oral Health Standard Set Questionnaire","authors":"Shiraz Altigani ,&nbsp;Lamyia Anweigi ,&nbsp;Randa Abidia ,&nbsp;Manar E. Abdel-Rahman ,&nbsp;Rula Shami ,&nbsp;Abeer Tamer ,&nbsp;Nader Hamdan ,&nbsp;Rana Khalid ,&nbsp;Reem Al-Abdulqader ,&nbsp;Alghalia Al-Mansoori ,&nbsp;Iheb Ben Naceur ,&nbsp;Al-Maha Fakhroo ,&nbsp;Shahd Al-Najdi ,&nbsp;Faleh Tamimi","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.100865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.100865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The Adult Oral Health Standard Set (AOHSS) questionnaire was developed by the International Dental Federation (FDI) and the Oral Adult Health Working Group (OHWG) for oral health assessment in clinical settings, research and population health surveillance. The AOHSS comprises clinical-reported outcome measures (CROMs) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), including demographics, oral health and oral function, record of pain, oral hygiene practices and treatment cost. This survey was developed in the English language; it has been tested in European populations and translated to other languages such as French. However, an Arabic translation would be needed to apply it for clinical and population-based research on oral health in the Arab world. This study aimed to translate and validate the PROMs section of the AOHSS questionnaire into Arabic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The AOHSS questionnaire was translated into Arabic according to the guidelines of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcome Research (ISPOR), through a process that included forward translation, backward translation, expert committee consensus and cognitive debriefing. The questionnaire’s test–retest reliability was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) at a 2-week interval on a convenience sample of 30 subjects. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach alpha. Construct validity of the final Arabic version was examined against the validated Arabic Oral Health Assessment WHO questionnaire on 100 participants from different Arab nationalities. The participants completed both questionnaires, and the results were compared using Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The test–retest reliability assessment for the Arabic version of the AOHSS presented an average ICC of 0.83 (95% CI of 0.68-0.92), indicating excellent agreement. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.75, indicating satisfactory internal consistency. For construct validity, Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient ranged from 0.14 to 0.90, indicating a statistically significant correlation with the WHO questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Arabic version of the AOHSS is good for reliability, internal consistency and validity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 5","pages":"Article 100865"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of SARS1 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and its Potential as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker","authors":"Qifeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Mengting Liu ,&nbsp;Jiong Lv ,&nbsp;Youjian Peng ,&nbsp;Dongjie Fu ,&nbsp;Yan He","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.100876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.100876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Recurrent or locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) carry a poor prognosis due to its aggressive invasiveness and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Identifying effective biomarkers for early detection and prognostic assessment is crucial to enhance treatment efficacy and reduce mortality rates in HNSCC patients. This study aimed to investigate the role of seryl-tRNA synthetase (SARS1), a crucial enzyme in protein synthesis, as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for HNSCC.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>In the analysis of SARS1 expression and its functional correlation in HNSCC, comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were integrated with pathological sample evaluation, alongside methods such as real-time PCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, cell viability assays, wound-healing tests, and flow cytometry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SARS1 was significantly overexpressed in HNSCC tissues compared with normal tissues at both mRNA and protein levels (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). High SARS1 expression was associated with poor overall survival (1.58 [1.18-2.11], <em>P</em> &lt; .05, OS), disease-specific survival (1.94 [1.28-2.43], <em>P</em> &lt; .05, DSS), and progression-free survival (1.76 [1.38-2.25], <em>P</em> &lt; .05, PFS). Knockdown of SARS1 in HNSCC cell lines inhibited cell viability, migration, and colony formation while promoting apoptosis. Mechanistically, SARS1 activated the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway, which is a key regulator in tumour progression. SARS1 expression was not significantly associated with immune cell infiltration in HNSCC.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings suggest that SARS1 is a novel oncogenic driver in HNSCC and could serve as a potential biomarker for poor prognosis. Its ability to promote HNSCC progression through activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway highlights its potential as a therapeutic target. Further research is needed to explore its role in tumour immune evasion and validate its utility in clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 5","pages":"Article 100876"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unilateral Agenesis of the Upper Permanent Lateral Incisors in Growing Patients: Gap Closure or Gap Opening? A Systematic Review","authors":"Gianna Dipalma ,&nbsp;Angelo Michele Inchingolo ,&nbsp;Pietro Lauria ,&nbsp;Pierluigi Marotti ,&nbsp;Silvia Chieppa ,&nbsp;Daniela Di Venere ,&nbsp;Andrea Palermo ,&nbsp;Massimo Corsalini ,&nbsp;Francesco Inchingolo ,&nbsp;Alessio Danilo Inchingolo","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.03.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.03.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The optimal treatment for agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors is difficult to determine. The objective of this study was to determine, based on the evidence in the literature, the best treatment option for unilateral agenesis of upper lateral incisors, comparing the aesthetic and periodontal results of orthodontic closure of the space associated with canine camouflage versus the opening of the space and the subsequent placement of an implant, in the permanent dentition of growing patients.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Medline) were examined with the subsequent filters: English language; year of publication since 2012; humans. A manual screening of the reference lists of the potential studies was done. Risk of bias was measured by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The search found 379 publications, but 167 of them were duplicates, therefore, they were excluded. Titles and abstracts of 170 articles were accessed, and 128 were excluded. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 42 articles were fully reviewed, and 7 studies were included. Data were collected from the chosen articles and organized into a table for comparison and study of the results. In contrast to patients treated with implant, whose major disadvantage is infraocclusion, patients who received space closure and canine camouflage had better aesthetic and periodontal outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Even if the best treatment option depends on the type of malocclusion of the patient, if both treatment alternatives are available, space closure is the better solution. However, because research samples are small and post-treatment evaluations are short, more prospective cohort studies are needed in the future to give better scientific evidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 4","pages":"Article 100815"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of a Respiratory Biofeedback Instrument in Managing Fear and Anxiety in Clinical Practice","authors":"Natalie Sui Miu Wong ,&nbsp;Andy Wai Kan Yeung ,&nbsp;Colman Patrick McGrath ,&nbsp;Yiu Yan Leung","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.100882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.100882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and aims</h3><div>Fear and anxiety are commonly experienced across diverse healthcare settings globally, particularly in clinical practices where these emotions tend to be heightened due to the nature of the procedures. This single-blinded, randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a respiratory biofeedback instrument in reducing state and dental anxiety levels during dental extractions in adult patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The trial design and reporting adhered strictly to the CONSORT statement guidelines. Patients were randomly assigned to either the biofeedback group (n = 30) or the control group (n = 30). State anxiety levels were measured using pulse rate, respiratory rate, respiratory regularity, respiratory amplitude, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Dental anxiety was assessed using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), and Dental Fear Survey (DFS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results demonstrated that the biofeedback group had a significantly lower state anxiety level during dental extraction, as evidenced by lower respiratory rate (mean difference = –2.75 bpm, <em>P = .</em>03), higher respiratory regularity (5.63%, <em>P = .</em>035) and higher respiratory amplitude (48.83 units, <em>P = .</em>005). The biofeedback group also had a significantly lower STAI-State score after dental extraction (–2.04, <em>P = .</em>015), and a larger reduction in pulse rate from the time of extraction to after extraction (–3.61 bpm, <em>P = .</em>030). However, biofeedback implementation did not significantly affect dental anxiety levels, as measured by the MDAS and DFS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the potential benefits of employing on-site biofeedback instruments to alleviate anxiety during dental extractions in adult patients without the need for multiple training sessions.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical relevance</h3><div>Further research is needed to explore its impact on dental anxiety levels and investigate its applicability to a broader range of dental procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 5","pages":"Article 100882"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotics Enhance Bone Density and Reduce Inflammation Postalveolar Surgery","authors":"Dongjie Fu ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiang He ,&nbsp;Jian Lu ,&nbsp;Ting Du","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.100881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.100881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of probiotic-based interventions in modulating the inflammatory response of periapical tissues and maintaining alveolar bone homeostasis following oral alveolar surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In this open-label, nonblinded trial, 80 patients undergoing alveolar surgery were randomised into an experimental group (n = 40) receiving postoperative <em>Lactobacillus reuteri</em> DSM 17938 probiotics (10¹⁰ CFU/d) and a control group (n = 40) receiving standard care. Alveolar bone density was measured via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at 1, 3, and 5 months postsurgery. Oral microbial diversity (16S rRNA sequencing) and inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) were analysed at 3 months.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The experimental group demonstrated a 3.8% higher bone density than controls at all follow-ups (<em>P</em> &lt; .05), alongside a 15.2% increase in microbial diversity (Shannon index, <em>P</em> &lt; .05). Proinflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced (IL-1β: −18.5%; TNF-α: −22.1%; IL-6: −14.7%, <em>P</em> &lt; .05). While the bone density improvement was modest, its statistical significance suggests potential clinical relevance for osseointegration. Probiotic supplementation attenuated inflammation and enhanced alveolar bone stability postsurgery. However, the nonblinded design limits generalizability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Probiotic-based interventions with <em>Lactobacillus reuteri</em> effectively modulated the inflammatory response and enhanced alveolar bone homeostasis postalveolar surgery in this cohort. While promising, future double-blind trials with larger cohorts are needed to confirm these findings and explore broader translational applications in bone regeneration strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 5","pages":"Article 100881"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}