Sian Smith, Helen Pryce, Georgina Burns O'Connell, Saira Hussain, Amanda Hall, Jean Straus, Nicolas Dauman
{"title":"<i>\"I've always felt in the middle of hearing people and the deaf community.\"</i> What is it like to grow up with hearing loss?","authors":"Sian Smith, Helen Pryce, Georgina Burns O'Connell, Saira Hussain, Amanda Hall, Jean Straus, Nicolas Dauman","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2548849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2025.2548849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hearing loss in children and adolescents can significantly impact social interactions, language development, and emotional well-being, often leading to academic and mental health challenges. This qualitative, retrospective study examines how individuals reflect on their experiences growing up with hearing loss, including the challenges they faced, the support they received, and the coping strategies they developed over time.</p><p><strong>Design and study sample: </strong>Participants aged 16 and older with personal experiences of hearing loss were recruited through audiology services in England and Scotland (UK), as well as community and online channels. Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted in person or online, following a flexible approach to explore participants' retrospective accounts of growing up with hearing loss. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify, refine, and review themes, ensuring diverse perspectives were captured through collaborative analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Interrelated themes were identified from participants' reflections of growing up with hearing loss, showing how they continually adapt and reshape their experiences as part of an ongoing coping and adjustment process across various social contexts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the lasting impacts of growing up with hearing loss on communication, social relationships, emotional well-being, and education.</p>","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra Iran Pour Mobarakeh, Vida Rahimi, Elham Tavanai, Marzieh Amiri, Reza Faryadras, Hashir Aazh
{"title":"Comparing listening effort among patients with hearing loss combined with tinnitus, hearing loss alone and a control group.","authors":"Zahra Iran Pour Mobarakeh, Vida Rahimi, Elham Tavanai, Marzieh Amiri, Reza Faryadras, Hashir Aazh","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2547939","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2547939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study compared listening effort (LE) in adults with tinnitus and hearing loss (HL+Tin), hearing loss alone (HL), and a control group (Control).</p><p><strong>Design and study sample: </strong>A case-control study involved 78 adults (aged 20-60). Participants underwent pure tone audiometry, the depression, anxiety, stress scale (DASS-21), speech-in-noise test (Quick-SIN), and Stroop test. The Quick-SIN and Stroop tests were taken twice, separately and simultaneously (dual-task paradigm). LE was derived from Stroop test outcomes, measuring selective attention (SA) and reaction time (RT) in dual-task versus baseline conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences emerged in PTA, age, or DASS-21 scores between HL+Tin and HL groups. However, HL+Tin showed higher LE than HL for SA (<i>Padj</i> = 0.049) and RT (<i>Padj</i> = 0.047) with neutral words, but not emotional words (<i>Padj</i> = 0.283, 0.117). For the tinnitus group, regression analyses identified age, depression, and tinnitus severity (THI scores) as significant LE predictors, with age and THI most influential.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LE is shaped by age, psychological distress, and tinnitus severity, suggesting integrated management of psychological and tinnitus-related factors to ease the cognitive load in listening tasks. Age and THI were consistently associated with greater LE across both SA and RT tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sebastian Waechter, Barbra H B Timmer, Maria Olovsson, Petter Pettersson, Lorelei Frawley, Tina Ibertsson, Elisabet Sundewall Thorén, Anders Jönsson
{"title":"Conventional hearing aid amplification, notch therapy, or increased gain at tinnitus pitch: a randomised controlled multicentre study.","authors":"Sebastian Waechter, Barbra H B Timmer, Maria Olovsson, Petter Pettersson, Lorelei Frawley, Tina Ibertsson, Elisabet Sundewall Thorén, Anders Jönsson","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2544152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2025.2544152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether modifying hearing aid gain at the individual's tinnitus pitch augments tinnitus mitigation from hearing aid amplification.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Participants were randomised to receive hearing aids delivering either objectively verified Conventional Amplification (<i>n</i> = 36), Increased Gain at Tinnitus Pitch (<i>n</i> = 36), or eliminated gain at tinnitus pitch, so-called Notch Therapy (<i>n</i> = 36). Perceived tinnitus loudness, tinnitus distress, and symptoms of anxiety and depression, were examined at baseline (before hearing aid fitting), and after 3 and 12 months of hearing aid use, respectively. Forty-seven participants also underwent a speech recognition threshold test after 3 months hearing aid use.</p><p><strong>Study sample: </strong>Adults experiencing chronic tinnitus for ≥3 months (<i>n</i> = 108).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tinnitus distress decreased significantly in all groups after hearing aid fitting. No significant outcome measures differences between groups were found, except for speech intelligibility benefit with hearing aids. Greater speech intelligibility benefit was observed with conventional hearing aid amplification compared to Increased Gain at Tinnitus Pitch (<i>p</i> = .022) or Notch Therapy (<i>p</i> = .009).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We recommend conventional, objectively verified, hearing aid amplification for tinnitus patients, as it has the ability to optimally simultaneously improve both tinnitus symptoms and speech intelligibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christin Ealer, Christopher E Niemczak, Jonathan Lichtenstein, Samantha Leigh, Abigail Fellows, Ziyin Zhang, Catherine Rieke, Anastasiya Kobrina, Albert Magohe, Enica R Massawe, Jay C Buckey
{"title":"Central auditory testing in young Tanzanian children: feasibility and relationship to cognition.","authors":"Christin Ealer, Christopher E Niemczak, Jonathan Lichtenstein, Samantha Leigh, Abigail Fellows, Ziyin Zhang, Catherine Rieke, Anastasiya Kobrina, Albert Magohe, Enica R Massawe, Jay C Buckey","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2545441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2025.2545441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Central auditory tests (CATs) typically target children aged six and older and are not included in paediatric cognitive assessment. CATs have shown significant correlations with neurocognitive processing ability in adults. Whether children under six can reliably complete CATs or if CAT performance correlates with cognitive ability in children with normal hearing is unclear. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of conducting CATs in young children and investigate whether performance on CATs could predict neurocognitive function in a cohort of young Tanzanian children. If young children can complete CATs and their results correlate with neurocognitive function, CATs could supplement cognitive screening in young children.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Data are from the first visit of an ongoing longitudinal study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Each child was administered four CATs (the Hearing in Noise Test-HINT, Triple Digit Test-TDT, Staggered Spondaic Words test-SSW, and Gap Detection test-Gap) and one non-verbal cognitive test (Leiter-3). Performance on the CAT battery (HINT, TDT, SSW) was compared to performance on the Leiter-3, a non-verbal neurocognitive assessment.</p><p><strong>Study sample: </strong>Cross-sectional study in an infectious disease centre in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Participants included 486 Tanzanian children (50.6% female) aged 3-9 years with 46.7% living with HIV.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 70% of children completed at least one CAT during their first visit (average age 6.29 years) with 61% able to complete three (HINT, TDT, and SSW), minus Gap. By age five, 62.5% of children could complete the CAT battery. Completing the CAT battery predicted higher IQ, and performance on the battery was associated with stronger cognitive abilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The studied CAT battery, minus Gap detection, could be completed reliably by age five. CATs and cognitive domains (IQ, processing speed, memory) were significantly associated. Administering CATs is feasible in children younger than six, potentially providing a valuable supplementary tool to assess auditory and cognitive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isaac L Alter, Alexander Chern, Megan E Kuhlmey, Meghan A Despotidis, Scott Kelly, Michael W Denham, Alexis S Leiderman, Anil K Lalwani
{"title":"Bimodal fitting benefits emotional responses to music following unilateral cochlear implantation.","authors":"Isaac L Alter, Alexander Chern, Megan E Kuhlmey, Meghan A Despotidis, Scott Kelly, Michael W Denham, Alexis S Leiderman, Anil K Lalwani","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2547025","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2547025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Investigate contributions of cochlear implants (CIs) and hearing aids (HAs) towards musical emotion in bimodal (CI and HA together) users.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Bimodal implantees and normal-hearing (NH) controls were recruited from a tertiary academic centre and via community outreach. Participants listened to ten musical clips and rated on scales of valence (happiness vs. sadness) and arousal (excitement vs. calm). Primary outcome measures included <i>discrepancy</i> - difference from validated normative ratings for each stimulus - and <i>range</i> - difference between each participant's maximum and minimum rating - of both valence and arousal.</p><p><strong>Study sample: </strong>27 bimodal implantees and 21 NH controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with bimodal listening, participants experienced increased valence discrepancy with CI alone (2.07 vs. 1.86, p = 0.027) and increased arousal discrepancy with HA alone (1.84 vs. 1.60, p = 0.029). Similarly, valence range was lower in the CI-only condition (4.57 vs. 5.40, p = 0.011), and arousal range was lower via HA (4.84 vs. 5.68, p = 0.013). CI listening alone was not significantly different from HA alone for any measured outcome. Bimodal participants performed worse than NH controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bimodal listening has diminished emotional responses to music compared to NH controls, but is superior to HA or CI alone. Our findings support bimodal fitting to enhance musical experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew J Kolarik, Shahina Pardhan, Brian C J Moore
{"title":"Sex-specific differences in self-reported speech, spatial, and qualities of hearing abilities.","authors":"Andrew J Kolarik, Shahina Pardhan, Brian C J Moore","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2546035","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2546035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate sex-specific effects in self-reported auditory abilities using an adapted version of the Speech, Spatial and Qualities (SSQ) questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Design and study sample: </strong>Three mixed-model analyses of variance were performed, one for each questionnaire section, using rationalised arcsine unit-transformed scores. Fifty-one females and 39 males with normal or near-normal hearing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Females gave significantly higher (better) scores for: (i) four speech questions, indicating less difficulty following two targets or a conversation when many people are talking, and conversing while ignoring an interfering voice with the same pitch as the talker, (ii) seven qualities questions, indicating less difficulty hearing sounds clearly, or stimuli sounding natural, judging mood, and finding it less effortful to concentrate when listening to or ignoring sounds. For both groups, scores were lowest for situations involving following two targets, judging distances, ignoring competing sounds and concentrating.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While the observed female advantage for several speech and qualities questions is consistent with performance-based findings in the literature, the lack of male advantage for spatial questions is not. Results show a previously unreported advantage for females in situations involving concentration and listening effort, with implications for educational settings, where male students might benefit from lip-reading in noisy environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tobias Raffelsberger, Kathrin Lauss, Thomas Rasse, Philipp Spitzer, Lisa Niederwanger, Thomas Keintzel
{"title":"Extending pulse phase durations during ECAP recordings to optimise perceived loudness.","authors":"Tobias Raffelsberger, Kathrin Lauss, Thomas Rasse, Philipp Spitzer, Lisa Niederwanger, Thomas Keintzel","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2529886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2025.2529886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In cochlear implants (CI), electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) are responses to pulses of increasing stimulation intensities.This can be limited by a user's loudness sensitivity. Adjusting pulse phase durations (PD) may improve user tolerance. This study compared hearing and ECAP thresholds, maximum stimulation chargesand ECAP threshold determination rates across different PDs.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>ECAP measurements (AutoART - MAESTRO software) were carried out with stimulation pulse PDs between 30 and 100 µs alongside loudness evaluation.</p><p><strong>Study sample: </strong>Twenty MED-EL CI users (aged 19-77 years) participated in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Longer ECAP stimulation pulses (80 & 100 µs) enabled higher maximum stimulation charges and were perceived as less loud by CI users. Both, ECAP thresholds and perceptual thresholds increased with PD, while ECAP threshold determination rates and profiles over the electrode array remained consistent across PDs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Extending pulse phase duration during ECAP measurements can reduce loudness discomfort, potentially benefiting sensitive CI user in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Validity and reliability of an automatic audiometry application for iOS iPads with consumer-grade headphones.","authors":"Azza Al-Maskari, Vinayak Hulihalli, Reza Hoseinabadi, Harvey Dillon, Carolyn Mee, Kevin J Munro","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2545439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2025.2545439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the validity and reliability of the Sound Scouts Automatic Audiometer application and derive Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (ETSPL) values for Sennheiser HD 300 headphones.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional, where subjects self-administered automated pure tone audiometry (A-PTA), with HD 300 headphones, and clinicians administered conventional pure-tone audiometry (C-PTA; with GSI Pello audiometer and Radio Ear DD45 headphones), both inside a sound booth. Both tests were repeated, in counterbalanced order, on a different day by a different examiner.</p><p><strong>Study sample: </strong>30 adults aged 23-78 years, with hearing threshold levels from normal to severe.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean differences between the two methods were less than 2 dB from 250 to 4000 Hz, but increased substantially at 6000 and 8000 Hz. The two methods were strongly correlated (<i>r</i> ≥ 0.78, <i>p</i> < 0.00001) from 500 to 8000 Hz. Test-retest differences and standard deviations were indistinguishable between the two methods. ETSPL values for the HD 300 headphones were derived from the mean threshold differences between A-PTA and C-PTA at each frequency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Automatic audiometer hearing thresholds were easy to obtain and agreed closely with conventional audiometry, except at 6000 and 8000 Hz where the calibration values should be changed to those found in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grace Nixon, Lucy Shiels, Cameron James Patrick, Dani Tomlin
{"title":"Assessing the agreement between auditory processing test results of children with listening difficulties obtained in a clinical setting and in a zoom-based remote environment.","authors":"Grace Nixon, Lucy Shiels, Cameron James Patrick, Dani Tomlin","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2545436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2025.2545436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare results of auditory processing (AP) tests delivered in clinic versus remotely via shared video conferencing (VC) software (Zoom) in children with listening difficulties.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Study sample: </strong>39 children aged 6.8-13.1 years with parent/teacher-reported listening difficulties and with normal cognition, hearing, and middle ear function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Good agreement was found between in-clinic and remote test results for single-channel AP tests assessing temporal patterning (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.81) and diotic listening (ICC = 0.77). However, poor to fair agreement occurred for tests requiring two-channel audio delivery, including the Listening in Spatialised Noise-Sentences test of binaural interaction (ICC = 0.43) and the Dichotic Digits difference Test of binaural integration (ICC = 0.32-0.51), likely due to the technical limitations of current VC software. Overall, remote testing showed greater variability in scores compared to in-clinic.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While some AP skills could be reliably assessed remotely via VC software, tests requiring complex binaural audio integration were limited by technical factors. Tablet-based assessments or remote operation of clinical software may be more viable alternatives for comprehensive tele-audiology assessment of auditory processing disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert Burkard, Sherri Jones, Timothy Jones, Yunxia Yesha Lundberg, Thomas Wileman
{"title":"An absent WD domain in the autophagy protein ATG16L1 leads to auditory and vestibular dysfunction and otoconial deficits in mice.","authors":"Robert Burkard, Sherri Jones, Timothy Jones, Yunxia Yesha Lundberg, Thomas Wileman","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2539824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2025.2539824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the inner ear functions of mice that lack the WD domain (δWD) of autophagy protein ATG16L1.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Mice were assessed with vestibular evoked potentials (VsEPs), auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and four δWD mice were observed with electron microscopy to assess otolith otoconia loss, and cochlear hair cell loss.</p><p><strong>Study sample: </strong>Seven δWD mice and four control mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to control mice, VsEP thresholds were elevated, latencies increased and amplitudes decreased in the δWD mice. ABR thresholds were elevated for the 32 kHz tonebursts (but not 8 or 16 kHz) in the δWD mice compared to controls. Electron microscopy in four δWD mice revealed a complete absence of otoconia in three of four otolith organs, with the remaining mouse (perhaps a failed mutant mouse, due to incomplete penetrance of this phenotype) showing a normal complement of otoconia. In the cochlea, abnormal hair cells were observed, typically showing modest hair cell loss or damage of hair cells or stereocilia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Three confirmed δWD mice showed missing otoconia, and changes in VsEPs and ABRs suggest that non-canonical autophagy pathways involved in endomembrane repair and removal are important for maintaining vestibular (and perhaps auditory) function in the inner ear.</p>","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}