Xinyang Wang, Wan Nur Asyiqin Rasidi, Kumar Seluakumaran
{"title":"Simplified frequency selectivity measure as a potential candidate for hearing screening: changes with masker level and test-retest reliability of self-administered testing.","authors":"Xinyang Wang, Wan Nur Asyiqin Rasidi, Kumar Seluakumaran","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2024.2429025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2024.2429025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This two-part pilot study investigated the feasibility of using a frequency selectivity measure (T<sub>FS</sub>) to develop a novel hearing screening test for cooperative adults. Study 1 determined the optimal masker level, while Study 2 assessed the reliability of a self-administered T<sub>FS</sub> test prototype performed at the selected masker level.</p><p><strong>Design and study sample: </strong>Study 1 (normal hearing, <i>n</i> = 20) examined masker-level effects on T<sub>FS</sub> using a manual threshold determination method from an earlier study. Study 2 (normal hearing, <i>n</i> = 21; hearing loss, <i>n</i> = 5) evaluated the reliability of a self-administered T<sub>FS</sub> test using a new automated threshold determination procedure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Moderate masker levels (30-40 dB SPL) were suitable for the T<sub>FS</sub> measurements, with 40 dB SPL being optimal. Lower level (20 dB SPL) led to floor effects, while higher level (50 dB SPL) broadened cochlear tuning and reduced T<sub>FS</sub> values. The self-administered test demonstrated ±9 dB limit of agreement, with intra-subject absolute mean differences of 1.8-2.7 dB across test frequencies, indicating greater variability compared to the manual method.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The self-administered T<sub>FS</sub> test is a candidate for hearing screening, particularly for mild sensorineural hearing loss. However, further research is needed to reduce measurement variability and optimise testing for real-world use.</p>","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\"Can physical activity reduce the risk of having tinnitus?\"","authors":"A Chalimourdas, D Hansen, K Verboven, S Michiels","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2024.2424870","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14992027.2024.2424870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Tinnitus, the perception of sound without an external source, affects many adults, impacting quality of life. While factors like hearing loss and psychological distress are linked to tinnitus, the relationship with physical activity remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and the presence of tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This study is a cross-sectional study. The participants completed the long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to investigate associations between (components of) physical activity and the presence of tinnitus, and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Study sample: </strong>This study involved 3004 participants (2751 tinnitus patients, 253 healthy controls).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Engaging in moderate or vigorous-intensity physical activity during leisure time for more than 2.5 hours per week was associated with a reduced risk of having tinnitus (OR = 0.515, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Conversely, individuals who reported sitting for more than 7 hours per day had a significantly higher risk of having tinnitus (OR = 2.366, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study suggests a potential protective effect of leisure-time physical activity against tinnitus and highlights the importance of reducing sedentary behaviour. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to understand underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142619865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonas Huß, Doris Gerstner, Susanne Senninger, Julia Szperalski, Fabian Schreiber, Veronika Weilnhammer, Caroline Herr, Caroline Quartucci, Stefanie Heinze
{"title":"Risky leisure noise exposure during the transition to adulthood and the impact of major life events - results of the OHRKAN cohort study.","authors":"Jonas Huß, Doris Gerstner, Susanne Senninger, Julia Szperalski, Fabian Schreiber, Veronika Weilnhammer, Caroline Herr, Caroline Quartucci, Stefanie Heinze","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2024.2422385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2024.2422385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the influence of four major life events (leaving home, full-time employment, married/cohabiting, parenthood) and socio-demographic variables on risky total leisure noise (TLN) during transition to adulthood with a special focus on visiting discotheques and listening to portable listening devices (PLDs).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Longitudinal analysis of the OHRKAN cohort. Risky TLN covering 22 activities was defined as exceeding 85 dB(A) averaged over a 40-hour week. Potential determinants were analysed using Generalised Linear Mixed Models.</p><p><strong>Study sample: </strong>A closed cohort of 2,148 students recruited in ninth grade at schools in Regensburg in 2009-2011 and surveyed five times over about 10 years. In waves 3 to 5, 1,608 individuals participated at least once.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of risky TLN decreased from 72.5% (median age 20) to 38.5% (median age 26). A decrease was also observed for visiting discotheques while exposure to PLD use remained relatively constant. Marriage/cohabiting and parenthood significantly reduced the prevalence of risky TLN and discotheques visits while only marriage/cohabiting reduced the prevalence of risky PLD use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Young adults are particularly at risk to leisure noise exposure. The later major life events occur, the longer they expose themselves to risky leisure noise. Therefore, prevention is of utmost importance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142619872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohsen Fatehifar, Josef Schlittenlacher, Ibrahim Almufarrij, David Wong, Tim Cootes, Kevin J Munro
{"title":"Applications of automatic speech recognition and text-to-speech technologies for hearing assessment: a scoping review.","authors":"Mohsen Fatehifar, Josef Schlittenlacher, Ibrahim Almufarrij, David Wong, Tim Cootes, Kevin J Munro","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2024.2422390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2024.2422390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Exploring applications of automatic speech recognition and text-to-speech technologies in hearing assessment and evaluations of hearing aids.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Review protocol was registered at the INPLASY database and was performed following the PRISMA scoping review guidelines. A search in ten databases was conducted in January 2023 and updated in June 2024.</p><p><strong>Study sample: </strong>Studies that used automatic speech recognition or text-to-speech to assess measures of hearing ability (e.g. speech reception threshold), or to configure hearing aids were retrieved. Of the 2942 records found, 28 met the inclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that text-to-speech could effectively replace recorded stimuli in speech intelligibility tests, requiring less effort for experimenters, without negatively impacting outcomes (n = 5). Automatic speech recognition captured verbal responses accurately, allowing for reliable speech reception threshold measurements without human supervision (n = 7). Moreover, automatic speech recognition was employed to simulate participants' hearing, with high correlations between simulated and empirical data (n = 14). Finally, automatic speech recognition was used to optimise hearing aid configurations, leading to higher speech intelligibility for wearers compared to the original configuration (n = 3).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is the potential for automatic speech recognition and text-to-speech systems to enhance accessibility of, and efficiency in, hearing assessments, offering unsupervised testing options, and facilitating hearing aid personalisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142619869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lena L N Wong, Shangqiguo Wang, Alice I C Ieong, Cappy M Y Man, Tsz Yau Pan
{"title":"Evaluating psychometric properties of the Cantonese integrated Digit-in-Noise Test: perhaps the 2-digit sequence can also be used for hearing screening.","authors":"Lena L N Wong, Shangqiguo Wang, Alice I C Ieong, Cappy M Y Man, Tsz Yau Pan","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2024.2424877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2024.2424877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study developed and validated the Cantonese integrated Digit-in-Noise Test (iDIN) for speech-in-noise measurement and hearing screening.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The development of the Cantonese iDIN followed the International Collegium of Rehabilitative Audiology guidelines. Its psychometric properties, including normative data, psychometric function, test-retest reliability, and criterion validity, were established. Additionally, a preliminary comparison of the effectiveness of 2- and 3-digit SRTs in hearing screening was conducted.</p><p><strong>Study sample: </strong>The sample included 40 young adults with normal hearing and 65 older adults, with and without hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean SRTs for 2-, 3-, and 5-digit with forward recall were -11.5 ± 1.3, -12.0 ± 1.0, and -11.3 ± 0.9 dB SNR in young adults, respectively. The slopes for the psychometric functions of these sequences were 20.26, 18.61, and 19.10 %/dB, respectively, and measurement errors were 0.80, 0.61, and 0.71 dB. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the 2- and 3-digit SRTs were .941 and .974, indicating high discriminative ability in hearing screening.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Cantonese iDIN shows robust psychometric properties. Despite the 3-digit test's slightly better screening performance, shorter test during associated with the 2-digit suggests its potential for hearing screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Central auditory processing and cognitive abilities after mild traumatic brain injury in school-aged children.","authors":"Fauve Duquette-Laplante, Benoît Jutras, Jocelyn Gravel, Miriam H Beauchamp, Justine Ratelle, Isabelle Gagnon, Amineh Koravand","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2024.2424871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2024.2424871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study aimed to explore (1) school-aged children's auditory and cognitive abilities and (2) their perceptions (self-reported and parents) of listening behaviours and symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Study sample: </strong>Twenty-one children aged 8 to 12 participated in this study. Eleven children with mTBI were diagnosed in the emergency department, and 10 were matched controls. They were assessed twice, in the acute (≤14 days) and chronic (≥3 months) stages post-injury, using six central auditory behavioural tests, a cognitive screening battery, and questionnaires. ANOVA and correlation analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group differences were present in three auditory tests as children with mTBI obtained poorer scores than controls (Pitch Pattern Sequence Tests - PPST: <i>p</i> = 0.037; Gap In Noise test - GIN threshold: <i>p</i> = 0.046; Duration Pattern Test - DPT: <i>p</i> = 0.053), but not for perceived listening behaviours and cognitive abilities. Correlations were found only between perceived listening behaviours and reported mTBI symptoms for parents (<i>p =</i>0.014) and children (<i>p =</i>0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Auditory abilities, mostly those related to temporal processing, were affected following mTBI, independently of cognitive abilities. Better identification of auditory processing difficulties following mTBI will improve treatment and resource allocation for children.</p>","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra Winkler, Larissa Warkentin, Florian Denk, Hendrik Husstedt, Tobias Sankowksy-Rothe, Matthias Blau, Inga Holube
{"title":"Reference Speech-recognition curves for a German monosyllabic test in noise: effects of loudspeaker configuration and room acoustics.","authors":"Alexandra Winkler, Larissa Warkentin, Florian Denk, Hendrik Husstedt, Tobias Sankowksy-Rothe, Matthias Blau, Inga Holube","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2024.2401519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2024.2401519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Measurement of reference speech-recognition curves for a specific speech test in typical clinical testing environments and for different loudspeaker configurations.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Speech-recognition scores were measured at four signal-to-noise ratios for five loudspeaker configurations in two anechoic rooms, and in four audiometric test rooms with low reverberation times.</p><p><strong>Study sample: </strong>240 young participants (aged 18-25 years) without hearing impairment participated in the measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reference speech-recognition curves for speech and noise from the front (S<sub>0</sub>N<sub>0</sub>) were similar across rooms. Compared to S<sub>0</sub>N<sub>0</sub>, lower speech-recognition thresholds (SRTs) were observed for all other loudspeaker configurations in which speech and noise were spatially separated. This spatial release from masking was significantly reduced for the audiometric test rooms compared to the anechoic rooms. A binaural speech-intelligibility model was used to verify the influence of room acoustic properties and loudspeaker configuration on SRT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Speech-recognition curves for spatially separated loudspeaker configurations depend on the room acoustic properties, even in audiometric test rooms with low reverberation times. This makes it more difficult to compare clinical measurements with reference speech-recognition curves, or even with data measured in a different test room. It is thus recommended to document the loudspeaker configuration and test room for each clinical measurement.</p>","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barbra H B Timmer, Katie Ekberg, Carly Meyer, Monique Waite, Nerina Scarinci, Mansoureh Nickbakht, Louise Hickson
{"title":"Using Ecological Momentary Analysis to explore stigma experiences in the real world for adults with acquired hearing loss.","authors":"Barbra H B Timmer, Katie Ekberg, Carly Meyer, Monique Waite, Nerina Scarinci, Mansoureh Nickbakht, Louise Hickson","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2024.2418970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2024.2418970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to use Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to capture how stigma-induced identity threat is experienced by adults with hearing loss and how they respond to such threats in daily life.</p><p><strong>Design and study sample: </strong>Twenty adults with hearing loss from 53 to 88 years (mean age of 69.4 years) completed a range of demographic and stigma questionnaires in the laboratory and, over a two-week period, answered daily EMA surveys.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 633 EMA surveys were collected. Five participants reported 13 listening events in which they experienced stigma. These events were typically when conversing with family or friends who were aware of the adults' hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The number of individual stigma experiences captured by EMA were low, when viewed across a large number of social interactions. However, as a group, a quarter of the participants in this study experienced stigma over a two-week period, typically from others close to them. This suggests that stigma experiences may be a regular occurrence for some adults with hearing loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sreeram K Narayanan, Palle Rye, Sabina Storbjerg Houmøller, Anne Wolff, Dan Dupont Hougaard, Michael Gaihede, Jesper Hvass Schmidt, Dorte Hammershøi
{"title":"Difference in SII provided by initial fit and NAL-NL2 and its relation to self-reported hearing aid outcomes.","authors":"Sreeram K Narayanan, Palle Rye, Sabina Storbjerg Houmøller, Anne Wolff, Dan Dupont Hougaard, Michael Gaihede, Jesper Hvass Schmidt, Dorte Hammershøi","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2023.2291633","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14992027.2023.2291633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The speech intelligibility index (SII) is used to quantify the audibility of the speech. This study examined the relationship between self-reported hearing aid (HA) outcomes and the difference in aided SII (SII<sub>A</sub>) calculated from the initial fit (IF) gain and that prescribed as per the second generation of National Acoustic Laboratory Non-Linear (NAL-NL2).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A prospective observational study.</p><p><strong>Study sample: </strong>The study included 718 first-time and 253 experienced HA users. All users had a valid real-ear measurement (REM) at three input levels (55, 65 and 80 dB SPL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The gain provided by IF was lower than NAL-NL2 at 55 and 65 dB SPL. IF gain exhibited reduced compression than NAL-NL2 as input levels increased from 55 to 80 dB SPL. On average, the SII<sub>A</sub> provided by IF was significantly lower than that for NAL-NL2 at all input levels. The difference in SII<sub>A</sub> between IF and NAL-NL2 at 80 dB SPL input level with 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) turned out to be a predictor for self-reported outcome for first-time HA users.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study suggests that an SIIA close to that provided by NAL-NL2 at high input levels would be preferred to obtain a better self-reported outcome. .</p>","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"900-907"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138794301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah Swann, Ian O'Brien, Gary Rance, Richard Dowell
{"title":"Interviews with musicians with hearing aids.","authors":"Sarah Swann, Ian O'Brien, Gary Rance, Richard Dowell","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2023.2275118","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14992027.2023.2275118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Musicians who wear hearing aids are a unique subset of hearing-impaired individuals. There are a number of issues musicians experience with hearing aids, making effective hearing rehabilitation a challenge. Research suggests hearing aid satisfaction in musicians is lower partly due to their advanced listening skills, however, qualitative research addressing musicians who wear hearing aids for music is scarce. The current study aimed to record the barriers encountered by musicians who wear hearing aids when playing their instrument/singing, listening to recorded music and listening to live music.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Professional musicians who wear hearing aids were interviewed. Participants were questioned about their experiences with hearing loss and hearing aids, with particular emphasis on experiences listening to recorded and live music, and playing or performing music with the hearing aids.</p><p><strong>Study sample: </strong>Eight professional musicians were interviewed, using a semi-structured interview style, with a question and prompt guide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thematic analysis revealed three main themes in the data: the musicians' journey, communication, and flexibility/adjustability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results have implications for future research into specific fitting parameters for hearing aids for musicians (particularly for music performance), the need for evidence-based rehabilitation programs for musicians with hearing loss, and the need for a glossary of terms to assist communication between Audiologists and musicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"844-852"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138046852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}