International Archives of Allergy and Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate Th17/Treg Cells in a Rat Model of Allergic Rhinitis by Activating IL-2/JAK-3/STAT-5 Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Yun Hou, Fei Fei Li, Jiang Wei Kong, Youhu Wang, Yunyan Pan, Hao Ding, Xu Dong Wei","doi":"10.1159/000543758","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate how adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells regulate the balance between regulatory T (Treg) cells and Th17 cells through the IL-2/JAK-3/STAT-5 signaling pathway in a rat model of allergic rhinitis (AR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were used to treat an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR rat model. The pathological changes and nasal symptoms were observed by HE staining and scanning electron microscopy. The concentrations of OVA-sIgE, IL-10, and IL-17 in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expressions of JAK-3, STAT-5, forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), and retinoic acid-associated orphan receptor γt (RORγt) in nasal mucosa were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of IL-2, JAK-3, and STAT-5 proteins in nasal mucosa was detected by Western blotting, and the expression patterns of these proteins were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ADSCs significantly reduced nasal symptoms and histological abnormalities by significantly reducing the levels of OVA-sIgE, IL-17 and increasing IL-10 levels. The expressions of IL-2, JAK-3, STAT-5, Foxp3, and RORγt in the nasal mucosa of AR rats were abnormal, but ADSCs treatment significantly restored this change.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ADSC can control the development of Treg/Th17 cells by the IL-2/JAK-3/STAT-5 signaling pathway and reduce OVA-induced allergic inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Climate and Residency in Storage Mite Sensitivity among Children with Allergic Diseases in the Mediterranean Region.","authors":"Mehmet Akif Kaya, Dilara Fatma Kocacik Uygun, Enes Celik, Aysen Bingol","doi":"10.1159/000543530","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mite allergy is the most common inhalant allergen sensitivity. In addition to house dust mites, which are indoor allergens, well-known storage mites also exist.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examines the frequency of storage mite sensitivity in children with allergic diseases, the rate of cross-sensitization with other mite species, and the relationship between mite sensitivities and various factors such as the type of region where patients reside and meteorological data from their locations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 368 children with allergic diseases were included in the study. According to the results of the epidermal prick tests, 224 (60.9%) patients had sensitivity to at least one type of mite, while 171 (46.5%) patients had sensitivity to at least one house dust mite, and 135 (36.7%) had sensitivity to at least one storage mite. Among those with storage mite sensitivity, 82 patients (60.7%) also had sensitivity to house dust mites. In the group of patients living in rural areas, storage mite sensitivity was 57.9%, while in urban centers this rate was 16.8% (p < 0.001). An increase in humidity level was found to increase the likelihood of developing house dust mite sensitivity and storage mite sensitivity (p < 0.05, OR: 2.542, and p < 0.001, OR: 7.792). Additionally, increase in average wind speed was found to increase the likelihood of developing storage mite sensitivity (p < 0.001, OR: 9.582).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Storage mites, an often-overlooked factor in daily practice, are a respiratory allergen that is more common in children than often believed. Susceptibility to storage mites can be affected by the average wind speed and humidity in the region. When assessing the sensitization profiles of allergic children, storage mite sensitization should be considered in addition to house dust mites, and appropriate precautions should be taken.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upadacitinib and Dupilumab Demonstrate Superior Efficacy in the Treatment of Adolescent Atopic Dermatitis: A Network Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Zuotao Zhao, Chengyue Peng, Lijuan Liu, Yaqi Zheng, Yen Tan, Xiaoting Song, Peixin Zhang, Xiaojie Huang, Litao Zhang","doi":"10.1159/000543397","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543397","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to compare and evaluate the efficacy and safety of five medications, dupilumab, tralokinumab, upadacitinib, baricitinib, and abrocitinib, for the treatment of adolescent atopic dermatitis (AD), in order to provide decision support to support clinical decision-making by developing more scientifically grounded and effective treatment strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science (WoS), and the Cochrane database to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and Phase 3 clinical trials up to April 13, 2024. Supplementary data were retrieved from trial registries, and researchers contacted study authors and pharmaceutical companies when necessary to obtain complete data. Inclusion criteria comprised treatment studies for moderate to severe AD in adolescents aged 12 and above, with outcome measures including efficacy and safety assessments. Data extraction and risk bias assessment were independently performed by two researchers, using Excel for data extraction and the netmeta package in R software for network meta-analysis. Sensitivity analysis and bias risk assessment were conducted to validate the robustness and credibility of the results. Our research protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023480597) and did not require approval from an Institutional Review Board or written informed consent.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In the primary efficacy outcome measures, upadacitinib 30 mg/day, upadacitinib 15 mg/day, and dupilumab 300 mg/2 weeks demonstrated excellent efficacy in EASI75 compared to placebo, significantly outperforming other medications and placebo. Dupilumab 300 mg/2 weeks, upadacitinib 30 mg/day, and upadacitinib 15 mg/day showed excellent treatment effects in IGA0/1. Among the outcome measures for improvement in itch severity rating PP-NRS4, dupilumab 300 mg/2 weeks and tralokinumab 300 mg/2 weeks showed the highest efficacy values. Compared to these medications, baricitinib 1 mg/day exhibited weaker performance across all three indicators, particularly in EASI75 and IGA0/1, with effects approaching no significant difference. Due to limited sample sizes, estimates for treatment-emergent adverse events, serious adverse events (SAEs), and drug-induced adverse events safety indicators were unstable, preventing strong conclusions on safety outcomes. There are significant differences in the incidence rates of adverse reactions such as nasopharyngitis, acne, and AD among various medications.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Upadacitinib and dupilumab demonstrate strong efficacy and symptom improvement in the treatment of moderate to severe AD in adolescents, particularly in reducing the severity of skin lesions and itchiness. Therefore, these medications should be considered as primary treatment options for adolescents with AD. However, further studies with long-term follow-up and ","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proactive Deep Learning-Facilitated Inpatient Penicillin Allergy Delabelling: An Implementation Study.","authors":"Melinda Jiang, Brandon Stretton, Joshua Kovoor, Joshua M Inglis, Sophia Thompkins, Carlo Yuson, Sepehr Shakib, William B Smith, Stephen Bacchi","doi":"10.1159/000542589","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Erroneous penicillin allergy labels are associated with significant health and economic costs. This study aimed to determine whether deep learning-facilitated proactive consultation to facilitate delabelling may further enhance inpatient penicillin allergy delabelling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective implementation study utilised a deep learning-guided proactive consultation service, which utilised an inpatient penicillin allergy delabelling protocol. The intervention group comprised all admitted inpatients with a penicillin allergy over the course of a 14-week period in a tertiary hospital. The rate of penicillin allergy delabelling in the intervention group was compared to that of a historical control group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 439 patients included in the study, of whom 121 were identified by the algorithm as suitable for penicillin allergy interrogation. Of those identified by the algorithm, 16.5% were successfully delabelled in the inpatient setting within the same admission and 9.9% were referred for outpatient testing. This result was statistically significantly greater compared to the rate of delabelling in the historical control group (0%, p = 0.00001). There were no adverse reactions. The projected annual savings associated with the program over a 12-month period were AUD 1,170,617.16.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Deep learning-facilitated proactive inpatient penicillin allergy delabelling was effective, safe, and economical in this single-centre implementation study. Further studies should seek to examine this approach in diverse centres.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Biologics to Treat Asthma during Pregnancy and Adverse Events in Pregnant Women and Newborns: A Global Pharmacovigilance Analysis.","authors":"Wonwoo Jang, Hyesu Jo, Jaeyu Park, Seokjun Kim, Hanseul Cho, Yi Deun Jeong, Yejun Son, Damiano Pizzol, Nikolaos G Papadopoulos, Dong Keon Yon","doi":"10.1159/000543490","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite the increasing evidence supporting the use of biologics for treating severe asthma, there is a lack of evidence regarding their use in pregnant women. This study aims to evaluate the safety of biologics for pregnant women, utilizing global pharmacovigilance database.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Reports documented between 1980 and 2023 were extracted from the VigiBase that mentioned pregnancy- or fetus-related reactions with drugs indicated for asthma, including reslizumab, omalizumab, mepolizumab, dupilumab, benralizumab, and other non-biologics. A disproportionality analysis of case-non-case was conducted by calculating the reporting odds ratio (ROR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of adverse maternal, fetal, and newborn outcomes associated with exposure to biologics compared with outcomes associated with other non-biologic asthma medications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 15,715 pregnancy-related reports were analyzed. Reslizumab showed an overall lower reporting frequency of adverse events (ROR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.05-0.67). Omalizumab (ROR, 3.88; 95% CI, 3.16-4.77), mepolizumab (ROR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.05-3.36), and dupilumab (ROR, 5.34; 95% CI, 3.90-7.32) commonly showed higher frequencies of spontaneous fetal death. However, these three drugs also had lower frequencies of pregnancy and delivery complications, including preterm birth (omalizumab: ROR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.16-0.31; mepolizumab: ROR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.03-0.34; dupilumab: ROR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.03-0.17), which are outcomes related to late pregnancy. In contrast, benralizumab (ROR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48-0.99) differed from the other biologics by showing lower frequencies of spontaneous fetal death (ROR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48-0.99) and spontaneous abortion (ROR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29-0.78) but higher frequencies of delivery complications (ROR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.02-1.72), including preterm birth (ROR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.14-1.86).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This global case-non-case study underscores the critical need for further well-designed research to investigate these overreported outcomes and emphasizes the importance of more rigorous monitoring efforts for these adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Novel Inflammatory Protein Biomarkers and Drug Targets of Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Integrating Mendelian Randomization, Bioinformatics, and Druggability Analysis.","authors":"Feifan Wang, Lu Chen, Yu Tian","doi":"10.1159/000543259","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Inflammatory proteins have the potential to be used as therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to probe causal associations between 91 circulating inflammatory proteins and IBD in the discovery and replication cohorts. Subsequently, we conducted meta-analysis of results from two cohorts. We further conducted protein-protein interaction (PPI), enrichment analysis, and druggability evaluation to elucidate our results and prioritize potential therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By integrating data from two cohorts, we demonstrated that genetically predicted CD40 (odds ratio (OR) = 0.878, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.838-0.919) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)5 (OR = 0.884, 95% CI = 0.841-0.930) decreased IBD risk. However, genetically predicted CXCL9 (OR = 1.184, 95% CI = 1.084-1.294), interleukin (IL)-18 (OR = 1.140, 95% CI = 1.076-1.208), CD6 (OR = 1.096, 95% CI = 1.045-1.150), and 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) (OR = 1.154, 95% CI = 1.070-1.244) increased IBD risk. Moreover, genetically predicted CD40 (OR = 0.855, 95% CI = 0.801-0.912) decreased Crohn's disease (CD) risk. Genetically predicted fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) (OR = 1.259, 95% CI = 1.135-1.397) and 4E-BP1 (OR = 1.202, 95% CI = 1.088-1.327) increased CD risk. We found no inflammatory protein associated with ulcerative colitis. Additionally, CD was significantly associated with elevated levels of three circulating inflammatory proteins, which are suggested to be the consequences of CD. PPI analysis demonstrated interactions between CXCL5, CXCL9, IL-18, CD40, and FGF21. Enrichment analysis indicated these identified proteins significantly enriched in inflammation-related signaling pathways, including interleukin signaling, cytokine signaling, and NF-κB pathway. Three proteins (CD40, IL-18, 4E-BP1) have been targeted for drug development on cancers and immune-related diseases, with potentials of therapeutic targets for IBD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results provide new biomarkers and drug targets for CD. Moreover, we further demonstrate critical roles of inflammation and immunity in the occurrence and development of IBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Worldwide Prevalence of Hereditary Angioedema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Samuel A Fisch, Andrew G Rundle, Alfred I Neugut, Daniel E Freedberg","doi":"10.1159/000543321","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease caused by dysfunction or lack of the C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) protein. The true prevalence of HAE and whether this prevalence differs across regions is uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To estimate the prevalence of HAE worldwide, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. The pooled prevalence of HAE was calculated using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity across studies was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-four studies from 2000 to 2024 were included in the analysis, describing 11,245 cases of HAE. The pooled prevalence of HAE was 1.22 cases per 100,000 people (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91, 1.53), with lower prevalences reported in Asia and Africa compared to Europe and North America. HAE type 1 made up most of the cases, with a slight female predominance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HAE is a rare condition which affects 1-2 individuals per 100,000 people worldwide. A true estimate of the prevalence of HAE will inform care for the condition, especially as new treatment options become available.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Specific Immunotherapy Combined with Biologics in Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Dayu Guan, Yijun Liu, Yue Gu, Bowen Zheng, Rong Sun, Yang Shen, Yucheng Yang","doi":"10.1159/000543023","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Allergic diseases are common clinical diseases. Although allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) and biologics have been widely recognized, the clinical efficacy, safety, advantages, and disadvantages of the combined application have not yet been sufficiently recognized. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of AIT combined with biologics in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were systematically searched to identify studies investigating AIT combined with biologics for treating allergic rhinitis and asthma. The relevant outcome indicators, including incidences of emergency drug use, severe nasal symptoms, severe adverse effects (AEs), local reactions at the site of administration, headache, and general AEs, were collected and extracted. Routine and network meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan-5.4 and STATA-MP-14 to assess efficacy and safety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight RCTs and a retrospective study involving 1,494 patients aged 5-65 years with allergic rhinitis and asthma were included in this review. (1) Routine meta-analysis revealed that AIT combined with biologics was significantly better than control treatment (placebo, AIT, or biologics) in terms of the incidence of emergency drug use, severe nasal symptoms, and severe AEs (p = 0.0002; p = 0.01; p = 0.02). However, the differences in the incidence of local reactions at the site of administration, headache, and general AEs were not significant. (2) In the network meta-analysis, compared with AIT or placebo alone, AIT combined with biologics observably reduced the incidence of emergency drug use and severe nasal symptoms (OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.14-0.73; OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.26-0.63). Furthermore, AIT combined with biologics yielded an evidently lower incidence of serious adverse reactions than AIT alone (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.23-0.74).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combined application of AIT and biologics has promising prospects in the clinical treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma due to the improvement of both clinical efficacy and safety (trial registration: Systemic Review Registration; PROSPERO #CRD42024496277).</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142948048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osthole Ameliorates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition via PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Pathway in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps.","authors":"Peiqiang Liu, Wenjun Fan, Yu Xu","doi":"10.1159/000543408","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Osthole, a naturally occurring coumarin derivative, has been isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Cnidium monnieri. This compound exhibits a range of pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of osthole in tissue remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The effects of osthole on nasal polyp (NP) formation were examined within a mouse model of NPs induced by cigarette smoke (CS). The detection of polypoid changes and goblet cell metaplasia was achieved through the use of hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining, respectively. The levels of TGF-β1, matrix metalloproteinases 2, 7, 9, and 12 (MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, MMP12), as well as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in nasal lavage fluid were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blotting was employed to ascertain the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (E-cadherin, ZO-1, α-SMA, and vimentin), as well as the activity of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. The expression of E-cadherin in nasal epithelium was determined through immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the OVA+SEB or CS-exposed NP mouse model, osthole was observed to reduce the incidence of polypoid changes and goblet cells, while simultaneously increasing the expression of E-cadherin in the epithelium when compared to the CS-treated group. After treatment with osthole, the levels of TGF-β1, MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, and MMP12 in nasal lavage fluid were observed to decrease, while the levels of TIMP-1 were found to increase. In vitro, cigarette smoke extract was observed to downregulate the expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1, while simultaneously upregulating the expression of α-SMA and vimentin. Moreover, osthole upregulated the expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1 while downregulating the expression of α-SMA and vimentin. This effect of osthole was reversed by PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway agonists.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Osthole attenuates CS exposure-induced EMT via the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway, providing a theoretical and experimental basis for its clinical application in the treatment of CRSwNP.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Isolates and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Adults with Inborn Errors of Immunity: A Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis of Sputum Cultures.","authors":"Esra Karabiber, Arzu Ilki, Yasemin Gökdemir, Halime Mualla Vatansever, Şehnaz Olgun Yıldızeli, Ahmet Ozen","doi":"10.1159/000541533","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Individuals with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are at increased risk of respiratory infection and frequently receive prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotics, leading to antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to identify respiratory pathogens and antibiotic resistance patterns in IEI patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively studied 36 IEI patients with positive bacterial growth in sputum cultures between 2014 and 2023. Data covered hospitalizations, respiratory infections, yearly antibiotic prescriptions, past sputum cultures, and antibiotic sensitivities. Patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and bronchiectasis served as a control group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 314 sputum cultures were analyzed from patients with IEI, alongside 585 cultures from individuals with PCD and 113 cultures from patients with bronchiectasis. Patients with IEI had a median age of 23.5 years, with 61% male participants. The study compared the differences in bacterial isolates from sputum cultures and antibiotic resistance between patients with IEI and the control groups. The most common bacterial isolates across all groups were Haemophilus influenzae (159 isolates in IEI vs. 314 in PCD and 26 in bronchiectasis), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. In IEI patients, 992 symptomatic respiratory exacerbations and 43 pneumonia-related hospitalizations were recorded. Notably, H. influenzae in IEI patients showed high resistance rates to cefuroxime (82%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (66%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (59%), and ampicillin/sulbactam (49%). P. aeruginosa in IEI patients displayed significant resistance to ciprofloxacin (85%), ceftazidime (42%), and aminoglycosides (23-33%). Additionally, all S. pneumoniae isolates in IEI patients were tetracycline resistant, with high resistance rates to penicillin, clindamycin, and erythromycin. It is essential to highlight the substantial resistance of common pathogens to oral antibiotics. In contrast, the control groups exhibited lower resistance rates across all bacterial isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern among vulnerable IEI patients. We suggest conducting similar investigations in other regions to address this issue. The findings should inform future infection management guidelines for IEIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"387-398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}