International Archives of Allergy and Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Link between Polysensitization and Allergic Rhinitis Subtypes in Vietnamese Patients.","authors":"Thien Tai Tran, Tu H K Trinh, Duy L Pham, Minh K Le, Hang N Ngoc, Lam T Hoang, Tung Dinh Le","doi":"10.1159/000546861","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by sensitization to various allergens, with polysensitization being a common phenomenon. This study investigated demographic and clinical characteristics, allergic sensitization profiles, and the association between sensitization and AR phenotypes in Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2022 to December 2024 at three hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (Cho Ray Hospital, Thu Duc Hospital, and University Medical Center). Patients with AR were recruited and assessed in terms of their AR status and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. All patients underwent a skin prick test (SPT) for common aeroallergens, including house dust mites, pet dander, cockroaches, molds, and grass pollen. Blood samples were collected to measure the total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, eosinophil count, and allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) levels. Patients were classified as polysensitized if they demonstrated positive IgE responses (either positive SPT, sIgE, or both) to two or more aeroallergen classes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred forty-six participants were recruited, comprising 61 (41.78%) monosensitized AR, 62 (42.47%) polysensitized AR, and 23 (15.75%) non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) patients. Sensitized patients had a significantly younger age at onset, longer duration of illness, more frequent use of oral corticosteroids, and higher VAS scores (all p < 0.05) than NAR patients. The frequency of polysensitization was highest in moderate-severe AR groups, while NAR was highest in mild intermittent group. Sensitization to house dust mites was the most prevalent in all patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlighted the clinical and immunological differences between NAR, monosensitized, and polysensitized patients with AR, emphasizing the need for tailored management strategies for diverse patient populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Immunoglobulin E-Mediated Molecule Sensitization across Four Peruvian Cities: Exploring Relationships with Regional Climate Classifications.","authors":"César A Galván, Rafael Durán, Tania Galán, Eva Abel-Fernández, Katya Canal-Solis, Ruperto González-Pérez, Fernando Pineda","doi":"10.1159/000547036","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Allergic sensitization varies by region and environmental conditions. Given Peru's diverse climatic conditions, this study aimed to assess the relationship between climate variability and IgE-mediated sensitization patterns in four Peruvian cities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients aged 3 to 70 years diagnosed with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma were recruited in Piura, Lima, Tarapoto, and Arequipa. Cities were classified using the Thornthwaite methodology adopted by SENAMHI. IgE-mediated sensitization was evaluated through skin prick tests and the Allergy Explorer 2 assay to detect reactivity to molecular allergen components. Chi-square analysis and Tukey's multiple comparisons identified significant differences among climatic zones.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Allergic sensitization patterns varied across climate regions. In temperate arid zones, Blo t 5 sensitization was higher (25.3%) compared to warm arid zones (6.3%, p = 0.050). Fel d 1 sensitization showed marked regional differences (56.0% in temperate arid vs. 18.4% in warm rainy zones, p = 0.003). Despite having the highest humidity (92.3%), Tarapoto showed lower sensitization rates across all molecular components for mites in comparison with cities that are also characterized by high humidity, with most differences reaching statistical significance (p < 0.001). Pet allergen sensitization demonstrated climate-dependent variations, with both Fel d 1 and Can f 1 showing higher rates in temperate arid zones.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Peru's climatic diversity could be associated with distinct allergic IgE-mediated sensitization patterns, highlighting environmental factors' relevance in allergic disease management. Lower mite sensitization in the highest humidity zone suggests factors beyond humidity influence regional allergen sensitization patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Periostin Level as a Biomarker in Children with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria.","authors":"Gokce Velioglu Haslak, Deniz Ozceker, Esra Yucel, Okan Diker, Omer Faruk Beser, Adem Karbuz","doi":"10.1159/000546960","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although various biomarkers exist for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), their use is limited, particularly in children. Periostin is produced during skin damage and inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study aimed to compare serum periostin levels (SPLs) between children with CSU and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). The secondary objective was to investigate the association between SPL and disease severity using the urticaria activity score-7 questionnaire and urticaria control test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 84 participants (CSU, 45; HC, 39) were included in the study. There was no significant correlation between SPL and disease activity scores. Patients receiving leukotriene receptor antagonist plus antihistamines had significantly lower SPL than those receiving antihistamines only (44.32 ± 20.18 vs. 61.33 ± 18.50; p = 0.009). The mean SPL was significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group (56.41 ± 20.32 ng/mL vs. 71.68 ± 20.36 ng/mL; p = 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.750) (aOR: 0.964, 95% CI: 0.942-0.987, p = 0.002). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the SPL was determined to be significant (p = 0.001), and the area under the curve of the ROC curve was 0.705 (95% CI: 0.593-0.817).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study is the first to measure SPL in children with CSU. The results indicated that children with CSU had significantly lower SPL than the HCs. Those on more advanced treatments showed significantly lower SPL. Hence, SPL may reflect immunological activity associated with CSU in children and warrants further investigation in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural History of Cow's Milk Protein Allergy in Preterm Infants: Insights from a Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Hanna Abu Hanna, Avishay Lahad, Muhammad Said, Scott A Weiner, Rasha Khalilie, Firas Rinawi","doi":"10.1159/000546366","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) affects approximately 2-3% of healthy children. The natural history of CMPA is poorly described in preterm infants. The aim of the study was to determine disease characteristics and long-term natural history of CMPA in preterm infants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective cohort study of Clalit Health Services (CHS) members (the largest of 4 integrated health care organizations in Israel). The medical records of children, who developed, as preterm infants, symptoms suggestive for CMPA during their hospitalization at the neonatal intensive care unit between June 2009 and June 2020 and subsequently were attending primary care clinics of the CHS in Northeastern Israel, were retrospectively reviewed for clinical manifestation and laboratory variables at disease onset and during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 141 preterm infants (mean gestational age 31 weeks, median follow-up 3.4 years), CMPA persistence was 16% at 1 year, 1.8% at 3 years, and 1.5% at 6 years. Atopic conditions developed at 39%, with asthma being most frequent (31%). Cesarean delivery was associated with higher risk of subsequent atopic disease (HR 1.22, p = 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CMPA in preterm infants is often resolved by 1 year. Accurate diagnosis and earlier reintroduction of cow milk protein may improve outcomes and reduce unnecessary interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144475098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution Characteristics and Functional Prediction of NLRP3 Polymorphism in Children with Allergic Rhinitis.","authors":"Xulong Cai, Tongjin Yin, Jiena Wang, Qing Mu","doi":"10.1159/000547060","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>NLRP3 is involved in Th2 cell differentiation and the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. The purpose of this study was to explore the significance of NLRP3 polymorphisms in the susceptibility to allergic rhinitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From March 2023 to November 2024, children with allergic rhinitis (n = 200) and healthy children (n = 200) were collected. Tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were screened by Haploview 4.2 software. Multiplex PCR and sequencing were used to analyze genotypes of SNPs. HaploReg (version 4.2) was used to predict the impact of SNPs on regulatory motifs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five tag SNPs were obtained, which were rs10925025, rs72553860, rs870381, rs10925018, and rs10802502. The relationship between genotypes of different polymorphic loci and polymorphism was analyzed. There were significant differences in the distribution frequency of the CC, CT, and TT genotypes of NLRP3 rs10925018 between allergic rhinitis and healthy children. The rs10925018 T allele was associated with an increased risk of allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.349, 95% CI: 1.012-1.798, p = 0.041). The genotype frequency distribution of NLRP3 rs10925018 was statistically different in the serum IgE levels subgroup (p = 0.036). The rs10925018 T allele was associated with an increased risk of serum IgE levels (OR = 1.660, 95% CI: 1.105-2.493, p = 0.014). Through HaploReg prediction, the rs10925018 polymorphism may affect regulatory motifs, thereby affecting the binding of YY1 and NLRP3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NLRP3 rs10925018 polymorphism may be associated with susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and high IgE phenotype in children with allergic rhinitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144368833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Nasal Polyp Development: Insights from Mendelian Randomization.","authors":"Ning Lu, Yuxu Yao, Meiling Gao, Zhichen Liu, Huanxia Xie, Jisheng Liu, Qingqing Jiao","doi":"10.1159/000546793","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps has a high post-surgery recurrence, suggesting complex pathology. However, research into underlying mechanisms and contributing factors, such as gut microbiota, is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between nasal polyps and gut microbiota, and to identify and quantify the potential mediating roles of metabolic pathways. We investigated the cause-and-effect relationship between nasal polyps and the gut microbiota and determined the influence of metabolic pathways as possible mediators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized genetic data from genome-wide association studies. The datasets included nasal polyp data from FinnGen (6,841 cases and 308,457 control samples), microbial metabolic pathway data from the Dutch Microbiome Project (7,738 samples), and single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the gut microbiota from MiBioGen (18,340 samples). First, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted on the gut microbiota, nasal polyps, and metabolic pathways. Next, a two-step MR was employed for mediation analysis to investigate whether metabolic pathways serve as mediators between the gut microbiota and nasal polyps and to estimate the proportion of the effect of metabolism-mediated gut microbiota on nasal polyps.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MR analysis revealed that genus Actinomyces and genus Bifidobacterium are associated with an increased risk of nasal polyps through the inhibition of SO4ASSIM-PWY: sulfate reduction I (assimilatory) and PWY-4242: pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis III, respectively. In contrast, family Desulfovibrionaceae is linked to a reduced risk of nasal polyps by promoting GALACTUROCAT-PWY: <sc>d</sc>-galacturonate degradation I. Additionally, the order Desulfovibrionales further mitigates the risk of nasal polyps not only by promoting the same GALACTUROCAT-PWY pathway but also by enhancing the ILEUSYN-PWY pathway, which involves <sc>l</sc>-isoleucine biosynthesis I derived from threonine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified a causal relationship between the gut microbiota and nasal polyps, with metabolic pathways as mediators. Our study provides new perspectives and possibilities for the study and treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144325597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-Silica Particle Exposure Affects Pollen-Sensitized Mice via Nicotinamide Metabolism.","authors":"Yong-Shi Yang, Yi-Bo Hou, Ya-Li Cheng, Meng-Da Cao, Ji-Fu Wei, Dian-Dou Xu, Jin-Lu Sun","doi":"10.1159/000546393","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The proportion of patients with pollinosis is relatively high within the allergic disease population. Climate change and air pollution negatively affect allergic respiratory diseases. Therefore, further studies are necessary to clarify the effects of pollen grains and air pollution on allergic diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Building on our previous research, we established an Artemisia pollen-sensitized mouse model and evaluated the impact of nano-SiO2 particle exposure on pollen allergy in this study. Serum samples were collected to detect specific IgE levels and cytokines and conduct metabolomic analysis. Single-cell suspensions were prepared from mouse spleens, and the Th1/Th2 cell ratio was analyzed by flow cytometry. We utilized RBL-2H3 cells, mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs), and the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) model to investigate the effects of the most significant metabolites on allergic reactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exposure to nano-SiO2 particles can exacerbate the damage to the nasal mucosal epithelial cells of pollen-sensitized mice, disrupt the integrity of the nasal mucosal epithelium, promote goblet cell hyperplasia, elevate serum levels of IL-4 and IL-6, and intensify the imbalance between Th1 and Th2 cells. Metabolomic analysis revealed that exposure to nano-SiO2 particles in pollen-sensitized mice significantly enriched the niacin and nicotinamide metabolism pathways. Nicotinamide was demonstrated to inhibit mast cell degranulation in RBL-2H3 and BMMCs and to reduce IgE-mediated allergic reactions in the PCA model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pollen-sensitized mice exposed to nano-SiO2 particles can aggravate allergic reactions and induce dysregulation of the metabolism characterized by niacin and nicotinamide. Nicotinamide could stabilize mast cells and may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for allergic diseases. Further, in-depth investigations are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Different Dosing Regimens of Omalizumab in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Based on Real-Life Data.","authors":"Sukru Cekic, Yakup Canitez, Deniz Ozceker, Pınar Uysal, Oner Ozdemir, Serkan Filiz, Hamit Bologur, Yasin Karali, Hale Yuksel, Nihat Sapan","doi":"10.1159/000545336","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Limited data are available regarding the effectiveness of different omalizumab-dosing strategies in childhood chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of omalizumab initiated at different doses in children and adolescents with CSU based on real-life data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted at five academic medical centers in Turkey. Patient data were obtained from their file data. Omalizumab treatment was initiated at a dose of 150 mg every 4 weeks in 37 (60.7%) patients (group 1) and 300 mg in 24 (39.3%) patients (group 2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of patients was 14.4 ± 2.6 years (6.3-18 years), and female-to-male ratio was 2.2 (42/19). There was no difference between the mean initial UAS7 scores of groups 1 and 2 (34 ± 8.8 and 34.6 ± 9.1, respectively) (p = 0.854). Groups 1 and 2 achieved an urticaria-free or well-controlled status at rates of 75.7% (n = 28) and 87.5% (n = 21), respectively, during the treatment period (p = 0.334). Group 2 achieved urticaria-free or well-controlled status in a shorter time than group 1 (median: 1 month [1-3 months] and median: 2 months [1-4 months], respectively) (p = 0.036). The rate of patients who achieved urticaria-free status during the study period was 59.5% (n = 22) and 87.5% (n = 21) in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.023). Seven patients in group 1 (31.8%) and 2 patients in group 2 (9.5%) experienced recurrence (p = 0.132). At the last evaluation, more patients in group 2 (83.3%, n = 20) were urticaria-free than in group 1 (48.6%, n = 18) (p = 0.008). A patient had an exacerbation of urticaria associated with omalizumab within the first 24 h of the first dose, but this complication was not repeated. Other than dizziness in 1 patient, no different side effects were seen in our cohort of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Omalizumab is an effective and reliable treatment option for childhood CSU. Urticaria-free or well-controlled status can be achieved in a shorter time by initiating treatment with a 300 mg/4 week regimen. Although this dose may need to be increased in most cases, control can be achieved with a dose of 150 mg/4 weeks in a considerable number of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Risk Score Prognostic Model Based on four Ubiquitination- and Immune-Related Genes in Sepsis for Outcome Prediction and Treatment Guidance.","authors":"Qingyun Dong, Min Xu","doi":"10.1159/000546306","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ubiquitination and immune regulation play an important role in sepsis. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential value of ubiquitination- and immune-related genes in sepsis and develop a risk score prognostic model based on sepsis ubiquitination- and immune-related genes for accurate outcome prediction and better treatment guidance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Differential expression and univariate Cox analyses were used to identify ubiquitination- and immune-related DEGs related to prognosis, and then a risk model was constructed using LASSO regression analysis. Subsequently, Kaplan-Meier analysis, time-dependent ROC curve analysis, immune cell infiltration analysis, functional enrichment analysis, drug prediction, and molecular docking were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4 ubiquitination- and immune-related DEGs related to the prognosis of sepsis were identified. A risk score model was constructed based on these 4 genes. The proportion of death samples in the high-risk score group was higher and the OS was worse. The risk score was an independent prognostic factor for sepsis. The time-dependent ROC curve indicated that the risk score model had good predictive ability. The results of ssGSEA and GSEA showed that most immune cell infiltration levels decreased and immune- and inflammation-related pathways showed inhibitory states in the high-risk group. In addition, 7 protein-drug docking results were obtained. The binding energy of LCK and JNJ-26483327 was the lowest.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 4 ubiquitination- and immune-related model genes may play an important role in sepsis by regulating immune cell infiltration and immune- and inflammatory-related pathways. The model constructed based on these 4 genes has good predictive value, which may help clinical doctors better evaluate the prognosis of sepsis patients and develop personalized treatment plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144215731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhalant Allergen Sensitization: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Geographic Variation in the USA.","authors":"Kenny Kwong, Zhen Chen, Lyne Scott, Lee H Hilborne","doi":"10.1159/000545508","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We aimed to assess the prevalence of IgE-mediated sensitization to two perennial (dust mite and animal) and four seasonal allergen sources (tree, grass, weed, and mold/fungi) using data from a national clinical reference laboratory (Quest Diagnostics).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients tested in 2019 for ≥1 specific serum IgE toward 4 dust mites, 14 animals, 32 trees, 12 grasses, 21 weeds, or 19 mold/fungi allergens were included. Patients with ≥1 specific IgE ≥0.10 kU/L within a source were considered sensitized for the source. Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression were used to compare the estimated prevalence of allergic sensitization related to demographics, geography, and clinical diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sensitization for dust mite, animal, tree, grass, weed, and mold/fungi sources was 38.0% (21,161/55,735), 32.1% (21,888/68,035), 34.5% (22,975/66,567), 30.3% (21,664/71,575), 31.2% (22,960/73,605), and 19.7% (13,514/68,574), respectively. Across allergen sources, males had higher prevalence (from lowest to highest: 25.3% mold/fungi to 43.0% dust mite) compared to females (from lowest to highest: 16.1% mold/fungi to 34.6% dust mite); prevalence peaked in 10-19 years (from lowest to highest: 29.7% mold/fungi to 54.2% dust mite) and then decreased with increasing age; large metropolitan areas (from lowest to highest: 39.6% dust mite to 20.7% mold/fungi) had higher prevalence compared to small-to-medium metro (from lowest to highest: 36.6% dust mite to 17.9% mold/fungi) or nonmetro areas (from lowest to highest: 32.4% dust mite to 19.5% mold/fungi); a higher prevalence was observed in patients with asthma, atopic dermatitis, or rhinitis than in those with none of these diagnoses reported. Sensitization to perennial and seasonal allergens showed regional variation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prevalence of allergic sensitization to perennial and seasonal allergens is associated with patient age and sex, census regions, level of urbanization, and allergic disease states. These factors should be considered when designing and selecting allergen panels for diagnosing and treating symptomatic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12258866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}