International Archives of Allergy and Immunology最新文献

{"title":"The Importance of Hypogammaglobulinemia in the Clinical Follow-Up of Childhood Asthma.","authors":"Gizem Akpinar, Emine Vezir","doi":"10.1159/000551663","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with varying clinical presentations. Hypogammaglobulinemia may increase susceptibility to respiratory tract infections and thereby influence asthma morbidity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 332 children aged 4-12 years who were followed up for asthma at a tertiary pediatric allergy and clinical immunology clinic between 2015 and 2020. Patients were categorized as normogammaglobulinemic (NGG) (n = 286) or hypogammaglobulinemic (HGG) (n = 46). Hypogammaglobulinemia was defined as persistently low IgG (below -2 SD for age), with or without concomitant low IgA and/or IgM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children in the HGG group had an earlier onset of asthma symptoms and earlier asthma diagnosis, and lower breastfeeding rates (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.024, respectively). The prevalence of atopic dermatitis and parental atopy was higher, and the annual frequency of upper respiratory tract infections, acute otitis media, lower respiratory tract infections (bronchopneumonia) not requiring hospitalization, and asthma exacerbations were significantly higher in this group (all p < 0.005). Inhaled corticosteroid therapy was initiated and discontinued at younger ages among HGG children (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Atopic sensitization rates did not differ between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this tertiary-care cohort, HGG defined by persistently low IgG was associated with earlier onset asthma symptoms and a higher infection and exacerbation burden. These findings may support considering immunologic evaluation and closer monitoring in a subset of children with asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147503847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Climate Change and Rheumatic Disease: A Review.","authors":"Sofia Zeidan, Barton L Wise","doi":"10.1159/000551162","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Climate change has increased wildfires, air pollution, elevations in heat, and extreme weather events. While some negative effects on health are obvious, for example, on pulmonary health, climate change's impact on rheumatic disease and autoimmune health may be less visible.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Multiple studies suggest that increased environmental heat is associated with gout flares and with hospitalizations for gout, likely worsens cardiovascular disease and increases biomarkers associated with inflammatory conditions. Increasing air pollution, including through smoke generated by wildfires or wildland urban interface fires, includes a mix of particulate matter and gases which can engender inflammation through oxidative stress. Studies discussed in the current paper suggest that smoke exposure may be associated with incident rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus and with elevations in biomarkers associated with these and other diseases.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>Understanding some of the potential health effects of exposure to wildfires and elevating heat, specifically increases in incidence of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, disease activity, hospitalization risk, and disease biomarkers is important for clinicians, and represents an opportunity to educate their patients in the clinical setting and monitor them for health effects of climate change manifestations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13215654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147493824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Evaluation of Allergic Reactions to Two Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine Formulations in Children with Egg and/or Cow's Milk Allergy.","authors":"Demet Tekcan, Ilknur Kulhas Celik, Hasibe Artac","doi":"10.1159/000551656","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cow's milk allergy (CMA) and egg allergy (EA) are among the most common food allergies in childhood. Although measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination is generally considered safe in food-allergic children, uncertainty persists among clinicians and families regarding the clinical relevance of residual food proteins in different MMR vaccine formulations. This study aimed to evaluate adverse reactions following administration of two different MMR vaccines in children with confirmed CMA and/or EA and to explore implications for safe immunization practices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 140 children with diagnosed CMA and/or EA who received the MMR vaccine at our pediatric allergy clinic between September 2022 and May 2025. Demographic data, allergen-specific IgE levels, skin prick test results, MMR vaccine type and postvaccination reactions, were recorded. Two formulations were used: the Serum Institute of India vaccine (α-lactalbumin-containing) and Priorix® (α-lactalbumin-free).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the patients, EA was observed in 60%, CMA in 17.1%, and both in 22.9%. Atopic dermatitis was present in 56.4%, urticaria in 31.4%, and a history of anaphylaxis in 12.1%. Overall, 57.9% (n = 81) received the α-lactalbumin-containing vaccine, while 42.1% (n = 59) received Priorix®. Only 1 (0.7%) patient experienced anaphylaxis after vaccination with the α-lactalbumin-containing formulation. No other serious adverse reactions were recorded.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MMR vaccination was generally well tolerated in children with egg and/or CMA. While rare immediate reactions may occur with vaccines containing milk-derived proteins, these findings support continued adherence to current vaccination recommendations, with awareness of vaccine composition and appropriate vaccination settings rather than vaccine avoidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147493792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Selective Aminopenicillin Allergy: Findings from a Long-Term Case Series.","authors":"Blanca Noguerado-Mellado, Patricia Quijada Morales, Gema Salas Parra, Cristina Cuevas-Bravo, Patricia Rojas-Pérez-Ezquerra","doi":"10.1159/000551655","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This retrospective study aimed to characterize the clinical features and diagnostic outcomes of selective aminopenicillin hypersensitivity among patients evaluated for β-lactam allergy between 2018 and 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1,340 patients were assessed, of whom 167 (12.5%) had confirmed selective allergy to aminopenicillins, predominantly affecting middle-aged women and presenting more frequently with immediate reactions such as urticaria/angioedema and anaphylaxis. All patients underwent a standardized workup including skin prick and intradermal tests, patch tests, and/or delayed intradermal testing when indicated, specific IgE measurement in immediate reactions, and drug challenge tests (DCT) with amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intradermal testing and DCT were the most informative procedures, whereas specific IgE contributed minimally to the diagnosis of selective aminopenicillin allergy. Notably, all patients tolerated phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) during DCT, confirming selective sensitization to the aminopenicillin side chain and supporting the safe use of other β-lactams in this population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the clinical relevance of selective aminopenicillin allergy and underscore the importance of comprehensive diagnostic algorithms to optimize antibiotic stewardship and expand therapeutic options for labeled β-lactam-allergic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147493836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Childhood Respiratory Viral Infections Are Associated with Allergy in Young Adults.","authors":"Ulrika Hellberg, Eva Sverremark-Ekström, Anna Nopp, Hans Järnbert-Pettersson, Caroline Nilsson","doi":"10.1159/000551575","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Early-life viral infections have been linked to both increased and decreased risk for allergic disease later in life. Causative relationships have been difficult to prove and most likely both timing and type of infection(s) are of importance. The aim was to study the association between early-life viral infections and allergy at 20 years of age. In addition, the study aimed to examine how early viral infections are associated with other known risk factors for allergy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of 281 individuals recruited before birth and categorized into three hereditary groups based on parental allergy status, defined by IgE-sensitized and allergic symptoms, was followed until age 20. Of these, 142 individuals completed both web-based questionnaires and clinical investigations. Infections were documented both as parent-reported between 0 and 2 years and seropositivity against 13 viruses at 2 years of age. Analyses included logistic regression and classification tree modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals who experienced many respiratory viral infections (11-20) during their first 2 years of life had a higher prevalence of allergies compared to their peers with fewer than 10 respiratory viral infections (58% vs. 34%, p = 0.005). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity at 2 years of age was associated with allergy at age 20 (p = 0.026). As expected, parental allergy was also linked to the development of allergy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Individuals who experienced frequent respiratory viral infections during early childhood, were seropositive for CMV by age two, and had two allergic parents consistently developed allergic disease by age 20. Preventive strategies targeting early viral respiratory infections may help reduce future allergy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13186549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147490943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Processing Delays and Cryopreservation on Sensitivity and Specificity of the Lymphocyte Transformation Test.","authors":"Caspar A Heubach, Gerda Wurpts, Andreas Glässner, Lea Grewe, Diana Dubrall, Philipp Deck, Günther Weindl, Per Hoffmann, Markus Nöthen, Amir Yazdi, Bernhardt Sachs","doi":"10.1159/000551013","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with presumed drug allergy are cultured with the implicated drug. No study has systematically investigated how delayed processing or cryopreservation of PBMCs affects the sensitivity and specificity of the LTT to detect a drug sensitization. We evaluated the impact of delayed processing or cryopreservation of PBMCs on the sensitivity and specificity of the LTT focusing on interferon-y (IFN-γ) secretion as read-out. Additionally, we investigated the impact of the respective processing methods on non-stimulated reference and TT-stimulated PBMCs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood from 30 patients and 30 gender-matched controls was split for paired processing: one aliquot was processed immediately as internal reference of the patient/control, the other subjected to either a 24-h delay (n = 15) or immediate processing followed by cryopreservation of the PBMCs (n = 15). Thereby, each patient and control in the respective cohort served as its own reference for the assessment of the methodical processing impact. IFN-γ concentrations in PBMC culture supernatants were measured by ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cryopreservation of PBMCs resulted in a statistically non-significant trend toward higher sensitivity (45% vs. 32%) and specificity (81% vs. 79%), for detecting drug sensitization compared to delayed processing. Overall, 80% of the LTT results using cryopreserved PBMCs were consistent with those obtained from the immediately processed reference group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to the lack of statistical significance, no clear recommendation for one of the two processing methods can be made.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13152258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147485753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue Eosinophil Count as a Novel Immune-Endotypic Prognostic Biomarker for Long-Term Outcomes of Posterior Nasal Neurectomy in Refractory Allergic Rhinitis.","authors":"Dan Su, Yonghong Ning, Song Zhang, Shun Wang, Yu Kong","doi":"10.1159/000551497","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Refractory allergic rhinitis (RAR) encompasses distinct immune-inflammatory endotypes, notably neurogenic and eosinophilic phenotypes, which may differentially respond to surgical intervention such as posterior nasal neurectomy (PNN). Identifying prognostic biomarkers to guide patient selection remains an unmet clinical need.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, 92 patients with moderate-to-severe RAR undergoing endoscopic PNN were stratified by 1-year outcome (effective: ≥50% improvement in Total Nasal Symptom Score [TNSS]). Preoperative serum levels of neuropeptides (substance P, SP; vasoactive intestinal peptide) were measured. Postoperative histopathological tissue eosinophil (TEos) counts (cells/HPF) from resected nasal mucosa were analyzed. Patients were categorized into low TEos (<10/HPF) and high TEos (≥10/HPF) groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall effective rate was 88.0%. The effective group exhibited significantly higher preoperative SP (56.4 ± 12.1 vs. 38.2 ± 9.5 pg/mL, p < 0.001) and lower TEos counts (6.5 ± 3.2 vs. 18.4 ± 6.7 cells/HPF, p < 0.001). Low TEos count strongly correlated with greater TNSS improvement (r = -0.62, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified high TEos as an independent risk factor for poor outcome (OR = 4.25, 95% CI: 1.56-11.58, p = 0.005). ROC analysis confirmed TEos as a robust prognostic predictor (AUC = 0.845, cutoff 11.5 cells/HPF).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High tissue eosinophilia defines an immune-endotypic subset of RAR with attenuated response to PNN, whereas a neurogenic-dominant profile (high SP, low TEos) predicts excellent surgical prognosis. TEos count serves as a clinically actionable histopathological prognostic biomarker, facilitating personalized surgical management through immune-endotype stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147473474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Related Phenotypic Divergence in Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Hypersensitivity: Clinical and Comorbidity Correlates.","authors":"Emrah Harman, Fatih Çölkesen, Mehmet Emin Gerek, Ferhat Sagun, Secim Kolak, Sükran Aslan Savaş, İsmail Yiğitdöl, Ümmügülsüm Yılmaz Ergün, Şevket Arslan","doi":"10.1159/000551405","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) hypersensitivity is a heterogeneous condition with diverse clinical phenotypes. Although age-related changes in immune and inflammatory pathways have been proposed, systematic evaluations of age-associated phenotypic differences remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2019 and 2025, 1,363 patients evaluated for suspected drug hypersensitivity were screened, and 484 adults with clinically defined NSAID hypersensitivity were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized as early-onset (<40 years) or late-onset (≥40 years). Reaction phenotypes were classified retrospectively according to EAACI/ENDA criteria. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, reaction phenotypes, and laboratory parameters, including total IgE levels and eosinophil counts, were compared. Subgroup analyses assessed the association between chronic low-dose aspirin (LDA) use and clinical features. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of late-onset hypersensitivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of the cohort was 41 years, and 65.7% were female. Cutaneous reactions were most common (66.5%), followed by cutaneous-respiratory (19.0%) and systemic reactions (8.7%). Late-onset patients (n = 258) exhibited significantly higher prevalences of asthma (19.8% vs. 8.0%; p < 0.01) and cardiovascular disease (10.5% vs. 1.3%; p < 0.001). Chronic LDA use was more frequent in late-onset cases (14.3% vs. 1.3%; p < 0.001) and was associated with increased respiratory involvement. In multivariate analysis, asthma (odds ratio [OR] = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.30-4.73; p = 0.006) and LDA use (OR = 7.52, 95% CI: 1.71-32.50; p = 0.008) independently predicted late-onset NSAID hypersensitivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NSAID hypersensitivity exhibits distinct age-related clinical phenotypes, with a higher burden of respiratory involvement and comorbid disease in late-onset cases. Chronic LDA use is strongly associated with this phenotype. Recognition of age-associated patterns may support improved clinical risk stratification and individualized management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lanadelumab's Enduring Effectiveness and Safety in the Management of Hereditary Angioedema for Patients from Puerto Rico: Data from EMPOWER.","authors":"Rafael H Zaragoza-Urdaz, Paula J Busse, Daniel Fox, Daniel N Castaner, Natalie Khutoryansky, Salomé Juethner, Tyrone McBayne","doi":"10.1159/000550883","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Real-world data are needed to improve our understanding of hereditary angioedema (HAE) management in different geographic regions. Here, we report outcomes of patients from Puerto Rico who received lanadelumab for HAE prophylaxis in the noninterventional EMPOWER Study (NCT03845400).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eligible patients with HAE due to C1-inhibitor deficiency who initiated lanadelumab treatment were classified as newly treated or established on lanadelumab based on number of lanadelumab doses received before enrollment (<4 or ≥4, respectively). Lanadelumab exposure data were captured using electronic case report forms. Effectiveness was assessed by change in HAE attack rate before vs. after lanadelumab initiation. Safety was assessed through treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Puerto Rican site enrolled 9 patients (1 newly treated who was lanadelumab-naïve, 8 established on lanadelumab). All patients were of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity (median [range] age: 55.0 [36-73] years; female: 77.8%). Eight out of 9 patients received lanadelumab 300 mg every 2 weeks; 1 patient established on lanadelumab received dosing every 4 weeks. Average lanadelumab exposure ranged from approximately 2.3 years to >2.5 years for patients newly treated and established on lanadelumab, respectively. In the newly treated patient, the physician-reported HAE attack rate decreased by 76% (1.99 vs. 0.47 attacks/month pre- vs. post-lanadelumab initiation); most physician-reported attacks were mild (16.7%) or moderate (58.3%). In patients established on lanadelumab, the mean (95% confidence interval) physician-reported HAE attack rate was 0.26 (0.09-0.42) attacks/month; most physician-reported attacks were mild (25.7%) or moderate (56.8%). Real-world data on attack incidence reinforced the variability in presentation among patients; 2 were attack-free while on lanadelumab treatment. A total of 5 TEAEs were reported in 4 patients, none of which were serious or fatal. One patient experienced mild fatigue that was considered lanadelumab related.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings from this analysis support the clinical benefits and safety of lanadelumab treatment for HAE prophylaxis in patients from Puerto Rico.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allergen Sensitization in Atopic Dermatitis: Distinction from Controls and Prediction of Respiratory Allergies.","authors":"Duy-Bo Nguyen, Anh-Tuan Dinh-Xuan, Thanh Huyen Thuc, Le Nam Nguyen, Ha Phuong Vo, Thi Mai Vu, Thi Hai Yen Pham, Quynh Anh Nguyen, Thi Minh Nguyet Nguyen, Thi Minh Huong Le, Nhat Tan Tran, Van Hien Dam, Quynh Trang Tran, Thanh Nguyen Phan, Chi Hieu Chu, Timothy Craig, Sheryl Van Nunen, Van Dinh Nguyen","doi":"10.1159/000551372","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin condition characterized by epidermal barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation, affecting both children and adults. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of common allergen sensitizations in patients with AD, compared with controls without allergic diseases, and to identify those associated with an increased risk of asthma or allergic rhinitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study including patients with AD and age- and sex-matched controls selected by propensity score matching from the Center of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vinmec Times City Hospital. Total IgE levels and specific IgE sensitization to common allergens were documented using an extract-based multiplex assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both the AD and control groups each comprised 452 patients and were comparable in age, median (IQR, range): 7 (1-29, 0-84), and sex distribution (51.11% female). Sensitization to at least one allergen was observed in 59.51% of patients, with a mono-sensitization rate of 11.73% and a poly-sensitization rate of 47.79%. House dust mites had the highest sensitization rates among AD patients in our study, with sensitization rates for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae, and Blomia tropicalis at 29.65%, 26.99%, and 11.5%, respectively. Eggs and milk were the most common food allergens, with sensitizations rates of 20.58% and 12.61%, respectively. Although sensitization rates were high, the prevalence of true clinical allergy was much lower, underscoring the need for cautious interpretation of test results in conjunction with clinical symptoms. Age-related differences were evident: younger children were more often sensitized to food allergens, older children and adolescents to respiratory allergens, and elderly patients to cockroach, and Candida albicans. Additionally, sensitization to C. albicans, D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae, cat dander, dog dander, rice grain, barley flour, and rye flour was significantly more frequent in patients with AD compared to individuals with no allergic diseases. Such sensitization was also associated with a higher risk of respiratory allergic comorbidities, suggesting the potential role of these allergens as distinctive markers of atopy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the importance of understanding allergen sensitization in patients with AD to optimize management strategies, particularly in Vietnam, where house dust mite sensitization is highly prevalent. Allergen avoidance and allergen-specific immunotherapy could be beneficial as add-on therapies for AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147389856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}