International Archives of Allergy and Immunology最新文献

{"title":"The Prevalence of Alpha-Gal IgE among Patients with Confirmed Lyme Serology Result.","authors":"Kamran Kadkhoda, Alison Schwaben, Matthew Dee","doi":"10.1159/000552320","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Given the significant rise in the incidence of alpha-gal syndrome alongside the geographical expansion of ticks in recent years, it is crucial to conduct studies aimed at raising awareness particularly among patients with a history of, or current diagnosis of, Lyme disease, to improve their quality of life. Our study is unique in addressing this important intersection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two groups composed of 200 residuals de-identified samples originally collected during the peak of tick activity season in Northeast Ohio were tested for alpha-gal IgE. The first group (n = 100) was from patients with Lyme IgG Western blot positive results, and the remainder were from healthy subjects only tested for immune status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 200 samples, 17 tested positive for α-Gal IgE: 15 from the Lyme-positive group and 2 from the control group. A Fisher's exact test showed strong statistical significance between the two groups (p = 0.0015).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although alpha-gal syndrome had been previously associated with a history of American lone start tick bite, this study for the first time in North America shows a possible association between α-Gal IgE positivity and exposure to Ixodes ticks. This is of paramount importance given the vast prevalence of Ixodes ticks especially in areas where the American lone start ticks are scarce.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13275050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulation of Fatty Acid and Sphingolipid Metabolism Is Involved in Abnormal Nasal Epithelial Differentiation.","authors":"Yutong Lin, Xiaoyan Ye, Yingqian Zhong, Liyue Li, Xianxiong Huang, Hexin Chen, Qingxiang Meng, Yifang Gao, Jian Li, Jianfeng Huang, Chunwei Li","doi":"10.1159/000552208","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Aberrant epithelial remodeling, driven by a shift from ciliated to goblet cell ratio, is central to chronic nasal inflammation. Despite the known role of metabolism in normal epithelial differentiation, the specific metabolic reprogramming patterns underlying this pathological shift of nasal epithelium induced by type 2 inflammatory milieu is poorly understood. This study aimed to delineate the key metabolic pathways involved in aberrant nasal epithelial differentiation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed a human apical-out nasal organoid (hANO) model stimulated with IL-13. Integrated transcriptomic (RNA-seq) and untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed at undifferentiated (day 0), mid- (day 7), and mature (day 18) differentiation stages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IL-13-induced hANO model successfully recapitulated the aberrant differentiation phenotype of nasal epithelium. Multi-omics analyses converged to identify lipid metabolism as the most significantly altered functional module. Specifically, aberrant differentiation featured a reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism, marked by upregulated genes for uptake and elongation (CD36, ELOVL1/5/7), downregulated β-oxidation enzymes (ACADL, ACAA2), reduced acylcarnitines, and consequent-free fatty acid accumulation. This was coupled with a distinct sphingolipid signature: while de novo synthesis was constrained and the sphingomyelinase pathway suppressed, the salvage synthesis pathway was specifically and persistently activated, evidenced by upregulation of key enzymes (CERS3/5, SGPP1/2) and elevated sphingosine, culminating in increased ceramide (e.g., C16:0) levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our work elucidates a time-resolved lipid metabolic program, from fatty acid anabolism to dysregulated sphingolipid salvage synthesis, as a hallmark of aberrant nasal epithelial differentiation. This metabolic signature provides a novel framework for understanding epithelial remodeling in type 2 inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinformatics Analysis and Animal Experiments Revealed the Potential Role of IGFBP3 in Allergic Rhinitis.","authors":"Lisha He, Xiaodan Li, Yaojie Wang, Qiuyang Wang, Jing Tian","doi":"10.1159/000551921","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disorder that severely impairs patients' quality of life. Despite the availability of therapeutic interventions, the fundamental molecular mechanisms driving AR pathogenesis remain incompletely elucidated. Notably, the contribution of hypoxia-associated genes to nasal mucosal inflammation in AR has not been fully characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis on two public gene expression datasets - GSE261239 (human-derived) and GSE171005 (mouse-derived) - to identify hypoxia-related genes with differential expression in AR. A reference panel of hypoxia-associated genes was curated using the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) and GeneCards. Immune cell infiltration patterns were evaluated via the xCell tool, and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using the STRING database. Subsequently, we validated these in silico findings in an ovalbumin-induced mouse model of AR. Finally, we assessed the therapeutic potential of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) by treating AR mice with recombinant IGFBP3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis identified 11 hypoxia-related genes with altered expression in AR, among which IGFBP3 emerged as a central hub gene and was significantly downregulated. Reduced IGFBP3 expression was negatively correlated with the infiltration of mast cells (r = -0.43, p = 0.037) and Th1 cells (r = -0.44, p = 0.035). Consistent with the bioinformatics results, IGFBP3 expression was markedly decreased in the nasal tissues of AR mice. Treatment with recombinant IGFBP3 significantly alleviated allergic symptoms and reduced serum IgE levels (p = 0.045) in AR mice. Furthermore, IGFBP3 treatment restored the integrity of the nasal epithelial barrier and diminished inflammatory cell accumulation in the nasal mucosa.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that IGFBP3 acts as a key regulator in AR pathogenesis, likely by modulating the local hypoxic microenvironment and regulating immune cell activity. The successful mitigation of AR symptoms following IGFBP3 treatment highlights its potential as a novel therapeutic target for AR.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147654057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Severe Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions: Clinical Characteristics and Comparison of Causality Assessment Tools and Severity Scoring Systems in Relation to Clinical Outcomes from a Single-Center Experience.","authors":"Burcu Cil Yilmaz, Pinar Gokmirza, Sibel Kaplan Sarikavak, Erkan Cakmak, Nagehan Aslan, Cigdem Aydogmus","doi":"10.1159/000551609","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551609","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) such as drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare but life-threatening in children. Pediatric data on causative drugs, immunologic features, and outcomes remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to compare clinical, laboratory, and immunologic findings, as well as causality assessment tools and severity scoring systems, in pediatric patients with DRESS and SJS/TEN.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We retrospectively analyzed 23 children (&lt;18 years) with SCAR at a tertiary center (December 2022-April 2025). DRESS and SJS/TEN were diagnosed using RegiSCAR and consensus criteria, respectively. Causality was evaluated by the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) and Naranjo algorithms for DRESS and the algorithm of drug causality in epidermal necrolysis (ALDEN) for SJS/TEN. Disease severity in DRESS was evaluated using both the Mizukawa severity score and the EAACI 2025 Pediatric Position Paper (PP) severity grading, while SJS/TEN severity was assessed using Severity-of-Illness Score for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SCORTEN). Clinical features, laboratory findings, treatment strategies, and outcomes were compared.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;DRESS constituted 69.6% of cases. Antibiotics predominated in DRESS (68.7%), and antiepileptics predominated in SJS/TEN (57.1%). Causality assessment yielded predominantly probable classifications in DRESS (69.2%), while aromatic anticonvulsants scored very probable in SJS/TEN by ALDEN and severity grading aligned with clinical outcomes. In DRESS patients, severity stratification by the Mizukawa score predominantly classified cases as moderate, guiding systemic corticosteroid use. When reclassified according to the EAACI 2025 PP grading, several patients with limited extra-hepatic involvement were upgraded to higher severity categories, despite favorable clinical response to corticosteroid monotherapy. In SJS/TEN, SCORTEN scores aligned with overall clinical severity but did not correlate with ocular involvement. Intravenous immunoglobulin was administered more frequently in SJS/TEN than in DRESS (85.7% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.001). No mortality occurred. During follow-up, immune-mediated complications were observed exclusively in the DRESS group, including autoimmune thyroiditis in 1 patient, autoimmune thyroiditis with concurrent autoimmune neutropenia in another, and chronic urticaria in 1 patient, whereas no immune-mediated sequelae were detected in the SJS/TEN group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Pediatric DRESS and SJS/TEN display distinct clinical, immunologic, and severity profiles. Early cluster of differentiation 19-positive B-cell lymphopenia appears characteristic of DRESS and may support severity stratification and long-term autoimmune surveillance. Comparative application of the Mizukawa score and EA","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147645150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifaceted Role of Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis and Clinical Management of Oral Lichen Planus: Current Evidence and Research Perspectives.","authors":"Wen-Juan Xie, Li-Na Li, Si-Jia Liu, Yang Li","doi":"10.1159/000551455","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the oral mucosa, primarily involving T-lymphocyte activity. It is recognized by the World Health Organization as an oral potentially malignant disorder due to its established risk for malignant transformation. Although OLP has been the subject of extensive research, its pathogenesis remains partially understood. Vitamin D, a fat-soluble hormone essential for calcium-phosphorus homeostasis and immunological regulation, has emerged as a significant factor in the onset, progression, and clinical course of OLP.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review systematically examines the association between vitamin D-related local metabolic pathways and the oral mucosal microenvironment, synthesizing epidemiological evidence from diverse geographic regions that support an association between vitamin D deficiency and the occurrence of OLP. The molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D modulates OLP are discussed within a comprehensive framework including cellular protection, immune modulation, and regulation via non-coding RNAs. In addition, recent advances in the clinical application of vitamin D are summarized, particularly in relation to its potential role in non-invasive diagnostics and as an adjunctive therapy for OLP. Unresolved questions and areas of debate in current research are critically evaluated. Based on contemporary high-quality evidence, future research directions are proposed, emphasizing the need for individualized therapeutic strategies through multicenter, large-scale randomized controlled trials.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Additional exploration of the interactions among vitamin D/vitamin D receptor signaling pathways, non-coding RNA networks, and the gut microbiota is recommended to enhance mechanistic insights and optimize clinical management strategies for individuals with OLP.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study on Two Epidemic Thunderstorm-Asthma Events: A Retrospective Analysis of Cases in Yulin in 2022 and 2025.","authors":"Wendong Hao, Wenjing Ye, Xin Liu, Na Gao","doi":"10.1159/000551697","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Thunderstorm asthma remains an under-investigated public health concern in Northwestern China, a region characterized by high mugwort pollen levels and prevalent allergic rhinitis. No prior studies have systematically compared local outbreaks. This study retrospectively analyzes and compares the clinical characteristics of two major TA events in Yulin, occurring on September 9, 2022, and September 8, 2025.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patient data were obtained from Yulin Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Case numbers were retrieved from the Hospital Information System, while detailed clinical records of hospitalized patients were sourced from the medical records database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 2025 visit data for allergic respiratory diseases demonstrate a distinct seasonal pattern. The highest monthly number of visits throughout the year occurred in September, with a total of 6,831 visits. Daily visit counts within September showed a marked surge. The number of visits on September 8, 9, and 10 were 707, 634, and 419, respectively, totaling 1,760 visits over these 3 days. Similarly, during the thunderstorm period in September 2022, emergency visits surged to 2,185 cases. Monthly data for 2022 showed a distinct peak in September, with 5,647 visits. Pollen monitoring revealed a bimodal distribution, with concentrations sharply rising to 1,488 grains/1,000 mm2 on September 8. Among 93 hospitalized patients, 41.9% had no prior asthma diagnosis, while 70.9% had allergic rhinitis and 59.1% were sensitized to mugwort pollen. In addition, a comparison of the allergen sensitization profiles in hospitalized thunderstorm asthma patients between 2022 and 2025 revealed that mugwort remained the predominant allergen, with positive rates of 59.1% in 2022 and 60.7% in 2025.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings confirmed TA as a significant public health threat in Northwest China, driven by the convergence of mugwort pollen exposure and thunderstorm conditions. These results highlighted the urgent need for integrated early warning systems in susceptible regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147609074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potato Allergy in Children: Clinical Features, Laboratory Findings, and Tolerance Development.","authors":"Zeynep Gulec Koksal, Kezban Ipek Demir, Ezgi Ulusoy Severcan, Aysegul Ertugrul, Seda Sirin","doi":"10.1159/000551735","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Potato allergy is considered a rare and underrecognized food allergy in childhood. Despite early and widespread introduction of potato into infant diets, the clinical spectrum and natural course of potato allergy in children remain poorly defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics, diagnostic findings, and tolerance development in children with potato allergy followed at a tertiary pediatric allergy center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children diagnosed with potato allergy between October 2022 and June 2025 were included. Diagnosis was based on a compatible clinical history supported by skin prick testing and/or potato-specific IgE measurement, with oral food challenge (OFC) performed when indicated. Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and follow-up data were analyzed to assess tolerance development. Patients without documented tolerance underwent re-evaluation, including supervised OFC when appropriate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 43 children were included. The median age at diagnosis was 6 months (interquartile range, 6-8), and 76.7% had concomitant atopic dermatitis (AD). Additionally, 67.4% had a history of other food allergies. Reactions occurred following ingestion in 73.1% and after skin contact in 26.9% of patients. Allergic reactions were more frequently triggered by cooked potato (74.4%) than by raw potato (25.6%). Cutaneous manifestations predominated (97.7%), while anaphylaxis occurred in 4.6% of patients. During follow-up re-evaluation, OFCs were conducted in 18 children, and 44.4% were positive. At follow-up, 55.8% of patients had achieved tolerance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Potato allergy may present early in life and is frequently associated with AD. Cooked potato can induce clinically significant reactions, including anaphylaxis, and should not be presumed safe. The development of tolerance in more than half of affected children highlights the importance of periodic reassessment and individualized management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147609071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toll-Like Receptor 8-Mediated Interleukin-12 Production in Human Dendritic Cells Triggered by RNA of <italic>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</italic> KW3110.","authors":"Keita Ochiai, Kana Watanabe, Shinya Nanaumi, Masaya Kanayama","doi":"10.1159/000551443","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The immune system is divided into innate and adaptive immunity, with antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) playing crucial roles in immune regulation. Among lactic acid bacteria, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei KW3110 (KW3110) has been reported to strongly induce interleukin-12 (IL-12) production, particularly in monocytes and macrophages, thereby improving various allergic symptoms. However, the effects of KW3110 on other immune cells and its underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of KW3110 on monocytes, DCs, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and B cells isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>hPBMCs from healthy donors were fractionated into the major immune cell types described above and stimulated with heat-killed KW3110. IL-12p70/p40 levels were measured by ELISA, and phagocytosis was assessed by live-cell imaging, confocal laser scanning microscopy, flow cytometry, and by treatment with the phagocytosis inhibitor, cytochalasin D (Cyt-D). KW3110-derived nucleic acids, with or without RNase or DNase treatment, were transfected using a transfection reagent, and intact KW3110 was treated with RNase. Endosomal signaling was evaluated using specific inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>KW3110 induced IL-12 production in monocytes and DCs, especially myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), whereas T, NK, and B cells did not respond. Uptake of KW3110 into mDCs was confirmed, and both phagocytosis and IL-12 production were abolished by Cyt-D treatment. KW3110-derived nucleic acids induced IL-12 production in a dose-dependent manner in DCs, which was abolished by RNase A treatment, indicating the importance of RNA components. Endosomal recognition was supported by inhibition of endosomal acidification, and a selective Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) inhibitor abolished KW3110-induced IL-12 production in mDCs, implicating TLR8 as the primary receptor recognizing KW3110-derived single-stranded RNA (ssRNA).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that KW3110 induces IL-12 in human DCs, especially mDCs, via phagocytic uptake and ssRNA recognition through TLR8. These findings provide novel insights into the actions of KW3110 in human immune cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CD300a as a Potential Immune Checkpoint in Breast Cancer: Insights from in vivo and in vitro Models.","authors":"Micha Ben-Zimra, Shiran Niazov, Fidan Rahimli Alekberli, Francesca Levi-Schaffer","doi":"10.1159/000551604","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Breast cancer (BC) is a common cancer type in women and a major cause of death. CD300a is an inhibitory receptor expressed on immune cells, particularly mast cells (MCs). CD300a ligands expression was found on several cancer cells. We hypothesized that CD300a has a role in suppression of anti-tumor immunity in BC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To test our hypothesis, we induced the 4T1 BC model in WT and CD300a-KO mice and evaluated, by toluidine blue staining, the activation level of tumor-associated MCs. 4T1 cells were co-cultured with WT or CD300a-KO mouse bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs) and 4T1 cell viability was analyzed using trypan blue. Human MDA-231 BC cells were co-cultured with cord blood-derived MCs and soluble hCD300a-Fc was added. FACS analysis for MDA-231 cell viability and WB for CD300a signal transduction in CBMCs were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vivo, smaller 4T1-cell tumors with more activated MCs were found in CD300a-KO mice. In vitro, 4T1 cell growth was reduced in co-culture with WT BMMCs and further reduced with CD300a-KO BMMCs. Similarly, growth of MDA-231 BC cells in co-culture with CBMCs was reduced following treatment with CD300a-Fc, which feasibly interfered with CD300a pro-tumorigenic interactions. CD300a signal transduction pathway was activated in CBMCs co-cultured with MDA-231 cells and this activation was inhibited following treatment with CD300a-Fc.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results would imply that in BC, tumor cells activate CD300a on MCs and probably on other immune cells to downregulate their anti-tumorigenic activity and therefore suggest CD300a as a potential immune suppressor in BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147503874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Egg Ladder versus Oral Immunotherapy in Infants with Egg Allergy: A Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Mayumi Fujita, Yurika Matsumoto, Ayumi Tsukahara, Yuki Ohara, Tetsuya Takamasu, Chisato Inuo","doi":"10.1159/000551661","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Egg allergy restricts dietary diversity. Although oral immunotherapy (OIT) has demonstrated efficacy in treating egg allergy, this approach carries the risk of anaphylaxis. In the egg ladder (EL) approach, egg proteins are gradually introduced from extensively heated forms to less processed ones. Here, we aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of EL versus OIT in infants with egg allergy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective cohort study involved children aged <2 years who had been diagnosed with IgE-mediated egg allergy between 2014 and 2022. We utilized a historical cohort design comparing patients treated with OIT (2014-2018) with those treated with the EL approach (2018-2022). The study's primary outcomes were: (1) tolerance to whole-boiled egg (at least half of one whole-boiled egg) and (2) tolerance to egg-containing processed foods (ECPFs). Adverse events (AEs) were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 163 children received OIT, whereas 89 underwent EL. Whole-boiled-egg tolerance after 2 years of follow-up was similar between the groups (EL: 58% vs. OIT: 52%, p = 0.355). ECPF tolerance was higher with EL than with OIT (EL: 80% vs. OIT: 64%, p = 0.014), as expected from protocol design. The overall AE rates were comparable between the approaches (EL: 28% vs. OIT: 34%, p = 0.397); however, treatment-related anaphylaxis occurred only with OIT (three cases). The Kaplan-Meier curves showed no difference in whole-boiled-egg tolerance between the two approaches (p = 0.681), but the time to ECPF tolerance was shorter with EL (p = 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this real-world cohort, EL achieved comparable whole-boiled-egg tolerance at 2 years and earlier dietary expansion to egg-containing processed foods by protocol design, with no treatment-related anaphylaxis observed in the EL group.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13197147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147503918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}