International Archives of Allergy and Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Distinct Clinical and Laboratory Profiles in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Requiring High-Intensity Treatment.","authors":"Ji-Su Shim, Min-Ho Kim, Kyung-Min Ahn, Min-Hye Kim, Young-Joo Cho","doi":"10.1159/000552153","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Second-generation H1-antihistamines are the first-line therapy for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU); however, many patients remain symptomatic despite standard treatment. This study aims to identify the clinical and laboratory characteristics associated with high-treatment requirements in patients with CSU.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study analyzed 6,033 adults with CSU who visited a tertiary hospital in Korea between 2002 and 2020. High-treatment-requirement CSU (HTR-CSU) was defined as requiring treatment with ≥4 H1-antihistamines simultaneously or at least one use of omalizumab.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 6,033 patients, 34.5% were classified as HTR-CSU. Compared with non-HTR patients, HTR-CSU patients had a higher rate of long-term follow-up (≥60 months: 7.9% vs. 3.2%, p < 0.001) and more cholinergic urticaria (2.8% vs. 2.0%, p = 0.045), while angioedema was more common in non-HTR-CSU cases (17.8% vs. 13.0%, p < 0.001). The use of sedative H1-antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, corticosteroids, H2 blockers, and omalizumab was significantly higher in the HTR-CSU group. Laboratory findings showed elevated white blood cell counts (6.6 vs. 6.4 ×103/μL), neutrophil count (3.8 vs. 3.6 ×103/μL), total IgE (155.0 vs. 135.0 IU/mL), C3 (114.3 vs. 111.0 mg/dL), C4 (29.6 vs. 26.9 mg/dL), and D-dimer levels (0.40 vs. 0.34 μg/mL), along with reduced immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels (all p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HTR-CSU is associated with longer disease duration, heavier medication burden, and distinctive laboratory profiles characterized by elevated neutrophil, complement, D-dimer, and IgE levels, as well as decreased IgG levels, suggesting potential differences in immunological mechanisms compared to non-HTR-CSU.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Inhaled Corticosteroid Reduction as a Dynamic Indicator of Treatment Response in Children Receiving House Dust Mite Subcutaneous Immunotherapy.","authors":"Yibai Xie, Xueyan Wang, Mengjuan Wang, Xuewen Yan","doi":"10.1159/000552489","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Clinical response to house dust mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (HDM-SCIT) in children is heterogeneous. Existing prediction approaches rely mainly on baseline characteristics and do not capture early treatment-related change.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two ordinal regression models were developed. The base model included age, sex, baseline inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dose (ICS₀), FEV₁ baseline, eosinophils, FeNOcat25, tIgE baseline, HDM_max, and ratio_max. The extended model additionally included early ICS change at 3 months (ΔICS), scaled per 100 μg/day (ΔICS_100). Model performance was assessed using Akaike information criterion (AIC), discrimination across four classification tasks, and calibration. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to examine the association between ΔICS and high response probability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 470 children were included, including 159 high responders, 151 middle responders, and 160 low responders. Adding ΔICS_100 significantly improved model fit (AIC 762.5 ± 3.3 vs. 871.2 ± 4.1; pooled Wald test, p < 0.001). The extended model showed better discrimination for high versus non-high response (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.738-0.878), middle versus non-middle response (0.613-0.725), low versus non-low response (0.820-0.842), and high versus low response (0.856-0.928). RCS analysis demonstrated a significant nonlinear association between ΔICS and high response probability (overall p < 0.001; nonlinearity p < 0.001), with an inflection region around -80 to -50 μg/day.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early change in ICS use (ΔICS) may provide additional predictive information beyond baseline variables in children receiving HDM-SCIT. The observed nonlinear association suggests that ΔICS may be a useful exploratory early treatment-related indicator, but external validation is required before clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147940996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical-Cytological Grading and Recurrence Prediction in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps.","authors":"Matteo Gelardi","doi":"10.1159/000551564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000551564","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147874267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Sensitization Patterns for a Practical Panel.","authors":"Merve Şendal, Nilay Çalışkan, Deniz Ozceker","doi":"10.1159/000552351","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is increasingly recognized in the pediatric population. Although patch testing is the gold standard for diagnosis, the absence of standardized, evidence-based pediatric patch test panels and limited access to comprehensive allergen series in many settings pose significant diagnostic challenges. This study aimed to evaluate a practical and shortened patch test panel suitable for children with ACD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical characteristics and patch test results of pediatric patients diagnosed with ACD between 2017 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Patch testing was performed using the Thin-Layer Rapid-Use Epicutaneous (T.R.U.E.) Test, and allergen positivity was evaluated according to age groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 86 children were included (54.7% girls), with a mean age of 7.7 ± 3.7 years (range: 1-17 years). Nickel was the most frequently detected allergen across all age groups. Formaldehyde resin, cl + me + isothiazolinone, and fragrance mix were the most common allergens in children aged 1-6 and 7-12 years. A patch test panel consisting of 14 allergens was sufficient to identify relevant sensitizations in all age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Standard patch test panels are often difficult to apply in children due to limited body surface area and practical constraints. Shortened, targeted patch test panels containing the most relevant allergens may improve diagnostic feasibility, particularly in pediatric patients and in settings with limited access to extensive allergen series.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147874327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Symptom Burden after Anaphylaxis in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Şükran Aslan Savaş, Fatih Çölkesen, Mehmet Emin Gerek, Ferhat Sağun, Seçim Kolak, Emrah Harman, İsmail Yiğitdöl, Ümmügülsüm Yılmaz Ergün, Şakir Gıca, Şevket Arslan","doi":"10.1159/000552435","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anaphylaxis is an acute, potentially life-threatening systemic hypersensitivity reaction. Psychological symptoms, including anxiety, depressive symptoms, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), may persist after the acute episode; however, adult data remain limited. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and co-occurrence of psychological symptoms after anaphylaxis in adults and to examine their associations with clinical characteristics, acute severity indicators, and epinephrine/adrenaline auto-injector-related behaviors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center cross-sectional study included adults with medically confirmed anaphylaxis within the previous 6 months and at least 1 month beyond the index event. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were screened using the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A) and the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D), respectively. PTSS were assessed using the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Short Form (PCL-5-S). Thresholds were HADS-A ≥10, HADS-D ≥7, and PCL-5-S ≥6. Positivity on at least one threshold was defined as combined psychological risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-five adults were included; the median age was 39 years, and 53.3% were female. The most common triggers were bee venom (38.7%) and drugs (29.3%). According to the World Allergy Organization severity grading system, 57.3% of reactions were classified as grade 4-5. Above-threshold symptoms were observed in 14.7% for anxiety, 25.3% for depression, and 37.3% for PTSS; overall, 50.7% met at least one threshold. Psychometric scores were not significantly associated with reaction severity group, intensive care unit admission, or epinephrine/adrenaline administration. Depression scores differed by trigger type, with higher scores in idiopathic and drug-triggered cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psychological symptom burden was common in the early post-anaphylaxis period among adults and did not appear to parallel acute clinical severity. Brief multidomain psychological screening may support more comprehensive post-anaphylaxis follow-up and help identify patients who may benefit from further assessment or referral.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147874253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eosinophilic Esophagitis following Oral Immunotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Roy Khalaf, Maya Fields, Eviatar Fields, Natacha Tardio, Waqqas Afif, Rilla Schneider, Moshe Ben-Shoshan","doi":"10.1159/000552457","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has become a cornerstone in the management of IgE-mediated food allergies, offering the potential for desensitization and protection against accidental allergen exposure. However, the therapy carries the risk of adverse effects, notably eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a chronic, Th2-mediated inflammatory disorder of the esophagus characterized by eosinophilic infiltration, dysphagia, and esophageal remodeling. This systematic review aimed to identify and summarize all published cases of EoE arising in the context of OIT, characterizing patient demographics, comorbidities, allergens, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of MEDLINE and Embase from inception to July 1, 2025, was conducted in accordance with PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines. Eligible studies included case reports, case series, cohort studies, and clinical trials describing EoE during OIT. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. Data extracted included patient characteristics, atopic comorbidities, allergen type, OIT regimen, latency to EoE onset, diagnostic modality, and post-diagnosis management. Given the heterogeneity in study design and outcome definitions, a descriptive synthesis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen studies (3 trials, 6 cohorts, 2 case series, 2 case reports) comprising 3,655 OIT patients were included. A total of 89 cases of EoE were identified, yielding an overall pooled prevalence of 1.8% (95% CI: 0.87-2.79%). Prevalence varied by allergen, with peanut OIT associated with lower risk (0.82%, 95% CI: 0.51-1.12%) compared with milk (6.9%, 95% CI: 3.74-10.08%) and egg OIT (9.5%, 95% CI: 2.78-16.13%). Males accounted for 74% of EoE cases. Diagnosis was confirmed endoscopically in nearly all patients. Most cases improved following proton pump inhibitor therapy and/or discontinuation of OIT, while fewer reports described dietary elimination or topical corticosteroids.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EoE is an uncommon but clinically significant complication of OIT, occurring in approximately 1-2% of treated patients. Male sex, milk and egg OIT, and coexisting atopic disease may increase susceptibility. Recognition of early symptoms, routine monitoring in high-risk patients, and standardized diagnostic criteria are essential to ensure safe and effective OIT implementation. Future prospective studies are needed to clarify risk predictors and establish evidence-based management strategies for EoE in this context.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Dose Radiation Sensitizes Human Nasal Epithelium to Viral Inflammation despite Preserved Structural Integrity.","authors":"Yitong Liu, Yuanming Wang, Suizi Zhou, Qianmin Chen, Yueying Yang, Zhiqing He, Hsiao-Hui Ong, Keshuang Wang, Shuping Jiang, Yang Peng, Chubo Xie, Ce-Belle Chen, Vincent T Chow, Mark Thong, De-Yun Wang, Qianhui Qiu, Jing Liu","doi":"10.1159/000552427","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients receiving radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma often experience prolonged nasal epithelial dysfunction and recurrent infections. However, the dose-dependent effects of radiation on nasal epithelial integrity and antiviral immune function remain incompletely defined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) were differentiated at an air-liquid interface (ALI) and exposed to gamma irradiation (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 Gy) on ALI day 0 to define dose-dependent epithelial injury. DNA damage, epithelial cell number, and proliferative capacity were assessed after irradiation. To model post-irradiation viral challenge, cultures exposed to 1 Gy were infected with rhinovirus on ALI day 28, followed by assessment of ciliary beat frequency, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), immunofluorescence, cytospin analysis, and gene expression by RT-qPCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increasing radiation doses progressively exacerbated epithelial injury. Higher doses (8-16 Gy) caused marked epithelial loss and were not pursued for detailed phenotypic analyses. At 4 Gy, hNECs exhibited impaired ciliogenesis, impaired barrier integrity, and reduced proliferative capacity, whereas 2 Gy primarily caused structural abnormalities characterized by reduced acetylated α-tubulin and MUC5AC signals and an increased cell aspect ratio. In contrast, 1 Gy induced transient DNA damage while largely preserving epithelial structure by day 28. Upon rhinovirus infection, 1 Gy-exposed hNECs exhibited enhanced antiviral and inflammatory responses, including increased type III interferons, interferon-stimulated genes, inflammatory mediators, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that low-dose radiation may alter epithelial immune responsiveness even in the absence of overt structural damage, leading to amplified antiviral and inflammatory gene induction following rhinovirus challenge. Our results provide novel insights into how prior radiation exposure may reshape mucosal responses to viral infection and thereby contribute to persistent sinonasal inflammation after radiotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13299136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pneumococcal Serological Evaluation in Vaccinated Children Diagnosed with Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy and Unclassified Hypogammaglobulinemia.","authors":"Gökcan Öztürk, Filiz Orhon, Deniz Bayrakoğlu, Candan İslamoğlu, Şule Haskoloğlu, Figen Doğu, Aydan İkincioğulları","doi":"10.1159/000552296","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The severity and incidence of invasive pneumococcal infections increase in inborn errors of immunities. However, there are limited number of studies in the literature evaluating pneumococcal antibody levels in patients with a prediagnosis of transient hypogammaglobulinemia (THI) and unclassified hypogammaglobulinemia (UH). The aim of our study was to serologically evaluate pneumococcal antibody levels in children aged 24-72 months with THI or UH who had completed the primary PCV schedule, and to compare these levels with those of age-matched healthy control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients aged between 24 and 72 months who were admitted to the Pediatric Immunology Allergy Department Outpatient Clinic between January 2024 and July 2024 and who were considered to have transient or unclassifiable hypogammaglobulinemia. Healthy children of similar age group, without signs of infection or chronic disease and with complete vaccination according to their age were included in the study as a healthy control group. Serum samples obtained were separated and stored at -20 C0 until the day anti-PNP IgG levels were studied by ELISA method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant difference was found when anti-PCP IgG levels were compared according to the diagnosis of THI and UH in the patient group (p = 0.410). It was determined that both patient groups produced similar antibody levels. There were no statistically significant differences in anti-PCP IgG levels between patients and control group (p = 0.427). When the correlation between the time elapsed since the last dose of PCV13 and anti-PCP IgG levels was evaluated in the patient group (both in all patients and age groups) and in the control group, no statistically significant correlation was found. In the patient group, anti-PNP IgG levels were found to be lower in the group in which both IgG and IgM values were low compared to the other groups. No statistically significant difference was found between the clinical characteristics of the patients and anti-PCP IgG levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is one of the few to evaluate pneumococcal antibody levels in children with THI and UH who have completed the primary PCV13 vaccination series. Further prospective studies involving serotype-specific tests and different pneumococcal vaccine formulations are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome among Canadian Children Living in Montreal.","authors":"Angela Mulé, Pasquale Mulé, Adnan Al Ali, Catherine Prattico, Xun Zhang, Christine McCusker, Vicky Le Blanc, Moshe Ben-Shoshan","doi":"10.1159/000552386","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Data on food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) are sparse. We aimed to evaluate sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and allergens of children presenting with FPIES. Tolerance to baked goods and resolution a year following diagnosis were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children with physician-diagnosed FPIES were enrolled and followed at the Montreal Children's Hospital and an affiliated clinic. Families were queried on the food allergen and comorbidities, as well as clinical characteristics of reaction and management.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between November 2021 and April 2025, 87 children with a confirmed history of FPIES were enrolled. Patient ages ranged from 1 month to 13 years old, and 45% of patients were males. The most common allergens included egg, shellfish, milk, fish, peanut, oat, fruit, soy/grains, and rice. Symptoms included vomiting, lethargy, pallor, diarrhea, dehydration, and abdominal pain. Tolerance to baked forms was seen in the majority of patients. The allergens that had resolved FPIES include egg, milk, oat, soy/grains, peanut, shellfish.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The most common food allergens are egg, milk, and shellfish. The majority of reactions are not severe and baked goods containing the culprit food are often tolerated. Resolution of FPIES was reported in most patients 1 year following diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13341092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Salt Intake Exacerbates Food Allergy Symptoms by Impairing Intestinal Barrier Function and Activating Mucosal Mast Cells.","authors":"Suzuno Ota, Hibiki Yamaguchi, Sayaka Yokoyama, Shoki Kusano, Yuna Kawase, Hana Kozai, Mamoru Tanaka","doi":"10.1159/000552247","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recent studies have shown that salt affects the differentiation and function of T helper cell subsets; however, its influence on food allergies and the underlying mechanisms remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify how high salt intake exacerbates allergic responses by examining its effects on immune function and intestinal barrier integrity in a food allergy mouse model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five-week-old female BALB/c mice were assigned to four groups: Control/AIN-93 G diet group (CA), Control/NaCl diet group (CN), Sensitization/AIN-93 G diet group (SA), and Sensitization/NaCl diet group (SN). CA and SA groups received the AIN-93 G diet and water, while CN and SN groups received AIN-93 G containing 4% NaCl and 1% NaCl water ad libitum. Ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization was performed in SA and SN groups. On day 28, OVA was administered orally. Rectal temperature, serum, and jejunal samples were collected 30 min later. Anaphylaxis severity, OVA-specific antibody responses, serum zonulin levels, jejunal histology, and serum mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1) concentrations were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a were significantly elevated by sensitization, with no additional effects of salt intake. Salt loading caused a marked reduction in rectal temperature in the SN group, indicating enhanced anaphylaxis. The SN group also exhibited elevated serum zonulin levels and villus damage. Serum mMCP-1 increased with sensitization and was highest in the SN group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High salt intake may worsen food allergy symptoms by disrupting intestinal barrier function and enhancing mucosal mast cell activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13652,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}