Detecting Noncoding RNA Associated with Dust Mite-Sensitized Allergic Rhinitis through High-Throughput Sequencing and Its Clinical Relevance.

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory and reactive disease of the nasal mucosa mediated by immunoglobulin E following exposure to allergens in atopic patients. The primary mediator involved is histamine release, and various immune-active cells and cytokines contribute to the inflammatory response. The condition is characterized by nasal itching, sneezing, hypersensitivity, and swelling of the nasal mucosa. Dust mites are prevalent allergens in China, and both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of AR. Discovering sensitizing allergens is crucial for prevention and treatment. Recent research has focused on the role of noncoding RNAs like miRNA and lncRNA in AR. These noncoding RNAs can interact within a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, influencing gene expression.

Methods: In this study, clinical samples were collected from patients with dust mite-sensitized AR and from healthy controls. Full transcriptome sequencing and PCR verification were conducted, and the verified lncRNAs were assessed for their potential as predictors of AR risk.

Results: ROC curve analysis demonstrated that combining two highly expressed lncRNAs (NONHSAT159281.1 and NONHSAT123298.2) provided high diagnostic accuracy. Correlation analyses revealed a positive association between NONHSAT159281.1 expression and the severity of AR symptoms, particularly nasal congestion and runny nose. Furthermore, associations between lncRNA and miRNA, as well as between miRNA and mRNA, were investigated. A ceRNA network was developed, highlighting the involvement of hsa-miR-205-5p.

Conclusion: Overall, this research discovers potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for AR and provides directions for future studies.